نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 23 (زمستان 1393)

A review of studies done in the field of sports privatization indicates that almost all countries in the world have given considerable attention to the role and the significance of sports privatization. However، it should be noted that there are not only one or two influential factors in this field. The main issue is that sports privatization especially football clubs privatization is not effective without the existence a set of factors. Accordingly، employing the Pest Model; the present study has concentrated on the most important challenges facing football clubs privatization. This descriptive-correlational study has employed a survey method. The population under study included football clubs managers، university professors in the field of physical educations، and sports experts. Excel Software and numerical means were used to indentify challenges affecting football clubs privatization. Besides، Expert Choice and ranking techniques such as AHO، TOPSIS، and SAW were used to perform the primary ranking of factors under investigation. Prioritizing methods such as prioritizing means، BORDA، COPELAND were employed to merge and rank factors and indexes considered as a challenge. The findings of the study suggested that the most important challenges are legal-political، socio-cultural، economic، and technological challenges، respectively. Unplanned privatization with no specific stages was considered as the main legal-political challenge، sports underestimation in socio-cultural development programs as the main socio-cultural challenge، the nonexistence of broadcast right as the main source of income as the core economic challenge، and finally inadequacy of loans granted to the private sector by the government was regarded as the major technological challenge.

The purpose of this research was analysis the impact of budget participation on job attituds and performance managers of physical education state universies. Reserch method of this study was correlation، the type of the research was applied and data collected by field method. The population is comprised of all directors of physical education university affiliated to the ministry of science، research and technology. sample is equal to total population. Standardized questionnaire were used to collect data include budget participation، job satisfaction، organizational commitment، job involvement and performance. To evaluate the impact of variables، was used the evaluation model through structural equation modeling (SEM)، Bayesian estimates with AMOS software. The Result revealed: Directly impact participation in budgeting of managers not significant on their performance. But the results of structural equation analysis، bayesian estimates showed indirected participation of managers in budgeting effect through job satisfaction and organizational commitment on performance. Also job satisfaction effected on organizational commitment and organizational commitment effect on job involvement.

A key element of any organization''s leadership and management، and director of basic features: knowledge، personal skills، and human resources under his influence. Obviously، success and goals of the organization will be achieved when the organization in line with the speed of the various theories of knowledge and action، and the traditional forms and styles without leaving your work. One of the newest and most efficient management styles، modern quantum theory. The purpose of the present article، we examine the relationship between knowledge and application quantum skills in sports organizations is. Research method is descriptive. The study sample، the Youth and Sports Ministry staff managers، and heads of sports federations were selected. Based on the number 59، as the samples، were evaluated. Data from the questionnaires were collected by the researcher quantum skills. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a group of university professors، experts، and a pilot study using Cranach''s alpha coefficient، the reliability of the questionnaire، was calculated 0. 80. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics were evaluated. For data analysis، the Spearman test was used. The Friedman test was used to rank the variables. The findings showed that the quantum of knowledge and skills، administrators، and significant positive correlation was observed among these (P <0. 05)، the most familiar application، the action quantum (4. 18 ± 0. 69) and (3. 77± 0. 55); lowest level of understanding and applying for، respectively، trust the quantum (3. 37± 0. 49)، and see the quantum was (3. 09± 0. 96). Therefore، managers of sports organizations، to lead a better and more efficient organization، and align your organization to be involved with the advancement of science and technology، and leadership needs of the organization، you must learn to prioritize، quantum skills، and knowledge of corporate synergy، in this context، and its relation to the application of these skills are of particular interest.

Social marketing is defined as applying the marketing tools to achieve desired social targets. In other words، social marketing includes using commercial methods to increase a given group''s ability to admit a belief or an action. In this article the effect of sport clubs reputation on their fans behavior was studied. Using SEM method، the results demonstrate that the two organizational characteristics including general reputatin and perceived responsibility as well as the two social marketing characteristics including perceived effort and perceived influence، are effective independent variables on environmental reputation. Also the results present that environmental reputation has a significant influence on professional environmental behavior of fans including permanent behavior and improving it in each match. Furthermore according to current study we can conclude that the more sport clubs try the more social behavior improves.

The aim of this research is to survey the challenges and problems associated with the Sport for All in Iran، as well as presenting solutions for them. The subjects of this research include 2000 people randomly selected from 15 different provinces. They participated actively in programs. They were required to fill out a questionnaire that was valid and its reliability was calculated through Alfa Kronbach (? =0. 81). The results showed a higher correlation for the students and clerks whose major were above the high school degree. The results showed a higher correlation for the married people، males those who lived in houses rather than flats. There were also a significant correlation between the aims and motivations of the participants and the level of their education. They emphasized that sport had a tremendous effect on their general health. Besides، the results showed a significant correlation between the participants’ physical activity effects and their aims and motivations. The results indicate that lack of sport facilities، lack of sport awareness، shortage of skilled coaches and financial problems were respectively the most important problems that the participants complained about. Building suitable sport facilities and fields available for fans of sport for all activities and also presenting advertising programs to improve general awareness of people in regard to sport and training sport trainers and experts to direct people in sport for all stations are among the important strategies which should be notified by sport for all planners.

The aim of present study was to Comparison the power resource of manager and athletes Team cohesion from the perspective of Coaches and men and women athletes in South Khorasan Province. Research method of this study is Descriptive، and by object is application. The population of this study was the coach’s entire (120 individual) and Athletes (800 individual) Participated in four Group field. Based on Morgan scale the sample size determined 92 people of coach’s and 260 people of Athletes. The instrument for collecting the data includes two questionnaires: (PSQ) and (GEQ). Validity of the questionnaires determined by 8 professors of sport management and reliability by using the cronbach’s alpha coefficient that ordinarily are: 0/79، 0/81. Considering the result of Kolmogorov–Smirnov test، non-parametric methods such as u-mann whithney and kruskal-wallis test were used (p? 0. 05). Results showed that from the perspective of both groups، expert Power of coach is in the first Priority and Coercing Power in the Lowest Priority. Priority of Team cohesion from the perspective of athletes (men and women) in order was: attraction to group-task، group integration-task، attraction to group-social and Group integration-social. There is a significant different between the views of men and women coaches regard the Reward Power، Coercing Power and Legal Power; but there wasn’t a significant different between them regard the Expert Power and Referent Power. It is recommended that for achieving higher team cohesion، coaches should use the expert power. Because this source of power is used by coaches and approved by athletes.

The purpose of this study is to the survey behavioral factors affecting on sport entrepreneurship and developing a model. The research was descriptive analytical one and was conducted as a survey that was used from research designed questionnaire for collecting data. Statistical population consisted of sport clubs managers، top managers in sport organization، PhD students and professors at sport management. In quantity sector، questionnaire included 19 questions at subsections including structures، education planning، technology، developmental policies and entrepreneurship development. Reliability by Cranach’s alpha (? =. 916) after validity confirmation by professors was obtained. For data analysis was used regression، expletory and confirmatory factor analysis and structure equation modeling for developing a model. On the basis of regression analysis، there was significant relationship between behavioral with entrepreneurship development. Modeling indices was suitable (? 2 / df= 1. 049، P=. 80، RMSEA=. 000، AGFA=. 90، GFI=. 94). So، we can say that fortifying and developing behavioral factors effect entrepreneurship development in sport.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of job satisfaction in relationship organizational justice with turnover intention in sport Federations. For this purpose Wood job satisfaction (1986)، Kim and lung (2007) organizational justice، and cummann (1979) turnover intention questionnaires was used. Construct Validity of research questionnaires used to confirmatory factor analysis and LISERL 8. 8. approved. for Reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach''s alpha test equal to 0/84، 0/87، 0/86 respectively. Statistical Society of the study was expert of sport federations and sample population is 210 expert. for data analysis and identification the effect of research variable Structural equation modeling used to Visual PLS Software were used. Findings showed، the effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction is significant (r= 0/775، T= -21/189)، and on turnover intention not significant (r= -0/016،T= -0/211). Also finding showed that the effect of job satisfaction on turnover intention is significant and negative (r=-0/520، T= -4/75).

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between employees? personality big five factors and job burnout in Ministry of Sport and Youth of Iran. 162 employees completed The Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) and Big Five Inventory (BFI). MBI contains 22 items assess 3dimensions of job burnout and BFI contains 44 items assess the 5 dimensions of personality. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was utilized to examine the internal reliability of MBI (r=0. 80) and BFI (r=0. 82). Data were analyzed with parametric tests (Pearson Correlation ANOVA، Multiple linear regression and so on)، in significance level of P? 0. 05. Our findings indicate that individuals who are higher in neuroticism and lower in extraversion، conscientiousness، and agreeableness are more prone to experience job burnout. So، If organizations use personality assessment as part of their selection systems، then they would be well informed of employees that are likely to burnout and have organizing and planning sake employees warranty of thoughts about future work situations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and communication skills with burnout in Iranian international table tennis coaches. The population in this research included all coaches holding Degree in the field of international table tennis coaching in Iran which were 150 people which the whole population formed the statistic sample. Data was collected from all three Shrink Sybrya Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1986)، Barton J. Communication Skills (1990) and Meslech burnout (1996) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations between variables (α=0. 05). The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between emotional intelligence and the prevalence of burnout in male and female teachers. Significant negative correlation was observed among communication skills with the intensity of burnout in female caches. Between emotional intelligence and communication skills، the most predictive variable for burnout is emotional intelligence. Between the subscales of the EI، the best subscales for predicting the frequency of burnout is sympathy. According to the results we can suggest to put Emotional Intelligence and Communication Skills in educational refrences of coaching courses. further this two factors can be suitable factor to final selecting of top coacehs. enhancing emotional intelligence and communication skills can be more effective to prevent of coaches burnout. So، it is suggested that in order to promote communication skills level and emotional intelligence special training coaching courses to be hold to help coaches to be less exposed by burnout.