نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 31 (خرداد و تیر 1395)

The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of various factors influencing Iran football premier league teams (manager, coach, players) and their role in their team success. The method was descriptive-correlation and the statistical population consisted of all team of Iran football premier league from the 1st to the 11th round. For data collection, which included names and numbers of all managers, coaches and players of different teams in the premier league in the mentioned rounds, interviews with the Football Federation, the League Organization and the clubs and also sport websites and newspapers were used. The type of collected data was parametric according to k-s test; the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ANOVA and paired t test. Findings showed a direct relationship between stability in the managers, coaches and players and achieving success (ranking). Also, coache's variation did not provide suitable outcomes for the teams during the season.

TV broadcasting right is one of the main sources of financial income for football clubs in the world. However, this right has not been legalized in Iran yet and has caused many serious problems for Iranian football clubs. The aim of this study was to investigate legal gaps and obstacles and to provide strategies to improve the relationships between football clubs and Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) Organization. To this end, a qualitative research method was adopted, and deep interviews with 31 elites who were aware of this subject were conducted. The results of interview analysis revealed seven categories of main obstacles: legal-law, economic-political, managerial, structural, semantic, behavioral and environmental factors, 36 subcategories, 36 subcategories, 34 developmental guidelines and 9 legal gaps. It seems necessary to form a negotiation committee between government, parliament and IRIB Organization.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational culture and organizational justice on organizational effectiveness in sport federations. For this purpose, Cameron and Quinn Organizational Culture (1999), Kim and Lung (2007) Organizational Justice, and Hsu (2002) Organizational Effectiveness questionnaires were used. Statistical population consisted of experts of sport federations and 227 subjects were selected as the sample. For data analysis and identification of the effects of research variables, Structural Equation Modeling was used with Smart PLS software. Findings showed that the effect of organizational culture (=β0.52, t=12.50) and organizational justice (=β0.42, t=9.72) on organizational effectiveness was positive and significant. The results showed that these two variables totally explained the 0.76% of variations of organizational effectiveness. According to the results of the study, it is suggested that sport federations should design an effective and desirable organizational culture model by analyzing the current situation and identifying the dominated level of organizational culture, and form the basis for the achievement of the organizational goals and having an effective organization by a focus on justice and equity in organizational procedures and processes such as wages, compensation, job promotion and a fair treatment with employees.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of win orientation (willingness to win) on sport commitment dimensions in women's football premier league of Iran. Research method was correlation and application in terms of aim. The population consisted of football players of 11 premier league teams in Iran (N=200) who participated in the 2nd Women's Premier League and had at least 6 months of membership in the mentioned teams. The sample was equal to the population. To collect data, Deeter (1988) Questionnaire (6 items, α=0.90) was used to examine win orientation and Scanlon (1993) Sport Commitment Questionnaire (14 items, α=0.86) was applied to examine the reasons why athletes persist to participate in specific sports. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (simple regression and Structural Equation Model) with Amos18 software were used. Results showed that win orientation had an effect on player's sport commitment and regression model predicted almost 34% of the variance of criterion variable. In fact, an increase in win orientation in these football players improves their sport commitment.

The aim of this study was to design national pride model and its dimensions with an emphasis on sport. Statistical population consisted of all professors and PhD students of physical education and other disciplines in state universities. Cluster sampling method was used based on geographical distribution. Sample was determined as at least 2 and maximum 10 times more than items of the questionnaire based on exploratory factor analysis and 325 questionnaires were collected. Using a researcher-made questionnaire with a review of literature, a semi-structured interview with professors of sport management and social sciences was conducted in an exploratory process. Using Lisrel software and confirmatory factor analysis, seven factors (cultural and literature pride, history and civilization pride, military pride, political pride, science pride, economic pride and sports pride) were detected. Also all indexes of the model had good fit. It is suggested that researchers should test and develop this model in different sport and non-sport fields.

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between sport motivation and athletic burnout in male soccer players participating in the 12th universiade in Iran. The research method was descriptive/correlational method. 160 players who were members of soccer teams of universities completed these 2 questionnaires: 1- Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) by Pelletier et al. (1995) with 24 items and with 7-point Likert scale assessed 6 subscales of the variable, 2- Athletic Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) by Radak & Smith (2001) with 15 items and 5-point Likert scale assessed 3 subscales of the variable. The data were analyzed by SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient test and multiple regression analysis at significance level of α≤0.05. The results revealed a reverse and significant relationship between internal motivation and burnout (r= -0.15, P=0.04), integrated regulation and burnout (r= -0.16, P=0.04), identified regulation and burnout (r= -0.26, P=0.01) and introjected regulation and burnout (r= -0.28, P=0.01). There was a direct and significant relationship between amotivation and burnout (r=0.60, P=0.01). Also, the results showed that the components of athletic motivation explained almost 35% of the variance of athletic burnout variable. So, based on these results and according to self-determination theory, it can be explained that motivation and psychological well-being of persons will maximize by satisfying their psychological needs, and thus it is less likely to experience burnout.

The aim of this study was to examine the economic position of stadiums and professional sport teams on index of income of those people in related jobs. This study was application in terms of the goal and the method was description-library-analysis. Statistical population consisted of all employees in related jobs in 8 big cities in Iran that had a football team in premier league in 2010-2012. Statistical sample was equal to available statistical population and total collected data were 1037 cases. In order to collect data, the questionnaire of household expenditure-income plan of the Statistical Center of Iran was used. Also, the researchers visited federation, league organization, conducted library research and collected the number of stadiums, the number of played games, having/not having a team and stadium capacity. In data analysis, panel data was used to estimate the econometric model. To reach the optimum model, F test, Hausman test and Breusch-Pagan test were applied using Eviews. The obtained results showed that professional teams and stadiums in cities did not have any positive and significant effects on income. The results also showed that the public urban budgets should not be used to construct stadiums and/or teams should not attend the cities with the aim of creating economic benefits there.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational structure on job involvement of employees of Sport and Youth general offices through the mediating role of psychological empowerment. The population involved all employees of Sport and Youth general offices of Kerman (N=50) and Yazd (N=45) provinces. Given the small statistical population, whole employees were selected as the sample (N=n=95) and 76 questionnaires (Kerman 40 and Yazd 36) were returned. For data collection, Questionnaire of Organizational Structure of Sashkin and Morris (1984), Questionnaire of Psychological Empowerment of Spreitzer (1995), and Questionnaire of Job Involvement of Kanungo (1982) were used. Structural Equation Modeling and PLS software were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that psychological empowerment significantly affected job involvement (β=0.49). Also, organic structure and mechanic structure both significantly affected psychological empowerment (β=0.30, β=0.34 respectively). Furthermore, indirect results showed that psychological empowerment acted as a mediator between organic structure and job involvement (β=0.15), as well as between mechanic structure and job involvement (β=0.17). Thus, psychological empowerment and organizational structure must be considered to increase job involvement of employees.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior in Ministry of Sport and Youth. This descriptive study was conducted by correlation method as a field. The population consisted of all employees who were working in Ministry of Sport and Youth (N=300). Due to the limited number of population, census sampling method was used. 300 questionnaires were distributed, but 251 ones (83.66%) could be used. Demographic information questionnaire, Organizational Culture Questionnaire (Denison, 2000) (α=0.959) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (Organ et al., 1996) (α=0.714) were used. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics including Spearman correlation test, multivariate regression and path analysis were used; for model design, structural equation modeling was applied. Results showed a significant positive relationship (P≤0.01) between organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior. The results of multivariate linear regression revealed that involvement culture (β=0.41) and adaptability culture (β=0.31) (among all dimensions of organizational culture) were the most important predictors of organizational citizenship behavior (P≤0.01). Therefore, the managers of Ministry of Sport and Youth can increase the incident of organizational citizenship behavior in the employees of this organization through providing suitable effects in organizational culture.