فصلنامه فرهنگی - تربیتی زنان و خانواده
سال ششم شماره 18 (تابستان 1390)

The current study has been carried out to examine the impact of reality therapy and feminist therapy group counseling on changing the identity and self-esteem of female householders. To fulfill this, the quasi-experimental method with pre-test, post-test and control group was utilized. The sample included a group of female householders, living the fifth district of Tehran and supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, who were randomly selected. Cooper Smith’s personal identity and self-esteem inventories were given to 80 female householders. A group of 42 subjects with the lowest scores were randomly put into three groups: fourteen subjects in the reality therapy experimental group, fourteen subjects in the feminist therapy experimental group (one case of subject loss was observed) and fourteen subjects in the control group. The reality therapy group had nine counseling sessions and the feminist therapy group had ten counseling sessions. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the follow-up Scheffé test. The findings indicated that both reality therapy and feminist therapy group counseling approaches impacted the identity and self-esteem of the female householders but no meaningful difference was observed between the effectiveness of these two approaches on the identity of the two groups. Although no meaningful difference was observed with regard to the effectiveness of the feminist therapy group counseling approach on the self-esteem of the two groups, reality therapy group counseling approach was effective on the self-esteem of the group.

Intimacy is a composite, multidimensional, dynamic and evolutionary construct. It is a skill and an art that requires specific behaviors and various abilities. Intimacy also requires good communication between spouses, sound transfer of concepts and messages, sympathetic understanding and sharing each other’s feelings, thoughts and needs. Therefore, instruction and development of communication skills may lead to increased intimacy.The current study probes into the impact of teaching communication skills on the marital intimacy of married women. The sample included 30 married women who had low scores on the test. They were randomly put into experimental and control groups. One of the research instruments was a marital intimacy inventory (Owlia, 2006) which measured nine aspects of intimacy (emotional, intellectual, physical, social, communicative, religious, psychological, sexual and general intimacy). The second instrument was an educational program developed on the basis of Miller's theory to train the experimental group.The findings indicate that following 8 training sessions, the scores of the experimental group on overall marital intimacy and its components showed a significant difference in comparison with those of the control group. This suggests that teaching communication skills led to an increase in intimacy and its various aspects in the experimental group. Based on the findings of the current study, it can be suggested that teaching communication skills in counseling centers can be useful for families.

Social pathology is one of the most common and practical specialized fields in sociology which thrives by the passing of time. Social pathology comprises a wide variety of topics one of which is family social pathology which is probed into in this study.Meta-analysis is the most significant method used to summarize the past, abundant, various and extensive studies on a particular topic. Meta-analysis is considered a suitable method for development and accumulation of knowledge. In addition, knowledge measurement is one of the most efficient methods used to evaluate the general status of research studies. This method is utilized to gauge the quantity of scientific production. Focusing on meta-analysis and knowledge measurement, the current study deals with three important research issues: the trend of research studies, patterns and tendencies of research studies and family social pathology studies in Iran in years 2001 – 2011. Following meta-analysis and knowledge measurement approaches, this study was carried out on the basis of content analysis method and the required data were collected from the research journals indexed in Jihad-e Daneshgahi Scientific Database until mid-2012.The findings indicated that family social pathology studies in Iran have constantly increased in years 2001 – 2011. The research patterns have been reported in terms of the year of publication, number of authors, scientific cooperation, the role of female and male authors in research partnership, the volume of essays, the type of research journal and geographic distribution. Beside the ten subsidiary types of research studies, the findings indicated that the main research tendencies were running away from home (runaway girls and running away from home) (26%), violence at home (violence against women and home violence) (25%) and harassment in the family (child abuse and spouse abuse) (25%) respectively and other cases (divorce, socializing with the opposite sex, female householders, pediarchy, loss of father) included 24% percent.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of familial and personality factors on girls’ running away from home. The sample included 30 runaway girls from Tehran and 30 normal, female secondary and high school students from Tehran who were selected randomly as the paired group. A researcher-made inventory and the seventy-one-item form of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were utilized to study the familial factors and personality traits of the subjects. The collected data were analyzed by chi square and independent t-test. The results showed that girls between the ages 16 to 18 ran away from home more than others. Also, a meaningful relationship was observed between all demographic variables, except for addiction, and girls’ condition at 5% level. Depression, hypochondria, socio-psychological deviation and paranoia scales of MMPI test showed that runaway girls feel depressed and grieved, are guilt-ridden and blame themselves and are apprehensive about their body and physical pains. Most of these runaway girls tend to be quarrelsome and angry with others, have problems with those in authority, and are selfish, sensitive and suspicious. Development of psychological and counseling services is necessary for prevention of socio-psychological damages such as girls’ running from home.

The present study aims at investigating the role of gender in self-regulated English language learning among Iranian university students. To fulfill this, Magno’s (2009) Academic Self-regulated Learning Scale was administered to all the freshmen (no. 367) taking general English course at Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University in 2010-2011 academic year. The data were analyzed through independent t-test. The results showed no significant difference between the boys and the girls in self-regulated English language learning (t (365) = -1.376, p > 0.05). However, in two subscales of learning responsibility (t (365) = -3.168, p < 0.05) and group work (t (339.76) = -2.714, p > 0.05), the girls outperformed the boys. The relationship between the findings of the current study and those of the previous research is explicated at the end.

The purpose of this study is to find out the simple and multiple relationships between perfectionism, procrastination and acceptance of responsibility in male and female students of teacher education centers in Ahwaz. Two hundred subjects (100 girls and 100 boys) were selected on the basis of the simple random sampling method. The measurement instruments were Ahwaz Perfectionism Scale (APS); Schwarzer, Schmitz and Diehl procrastination scale, and CPI responsibility scale. The collected data were analyzed through Pearson correlation and multiple regression and the results showed a negative relationship between procrastination and acceptance of responsibility, a positive relationship between procrastination and perfectionism and a meaningful negative relationship between perfectionism and acceptance of responsibility among female students. Among male students, there is a negative relationship between procrastination and acceptance of responsibility, a positive relationship between procrastination and perfectionism, and a meaningful negative relationship between perfectionism and acceptance of responsibility. In both male and female groups, among the predicting variables, only perfectionism predicts procrastination among the students and acceptance of responsibility plays no role in predicting other variables.

This article, extracted from a research project, looks into various aspects of hijab and efaf and development of their structural equations model among high school female students in Hamedan province. The research method utilized here is survey and the data collection instrument is a questionnaire. The subjects are a group of 1069 students who were selected by multi-phase cluster and stratified random sampling. The most significant result of this study is that the two-sided relationship between hijab and efaf is a positive and significant one; i.e., there is a reciprocal relationship between them. However, the impact of the efaf model on the hijab model (0.74) is more than the impact of the hijab model on efaf (0.64) and its fit indices are stronger and better. The results of our structural equations analysis suggests that ‘belief’ is the most significant and latent predictor of efaf and ‘practical commitment’ and ‘awareness’ are the two other predictors respectively. Also, the latent predictor variables of hijab are ‘practical commitment’, ‘belief’ and ‘awareness’ respectively.