پژوهشنامه ادبیات تعلیمی
پیاپی 17 (بهار 1392)

In the mystical works Malamatieh always considered as a Sufis and mystical group. They have written certain works that contain certain principals. In explaining their works only certain names are mentioned which is not suitable for analyzing this school of thought. Therefore, the present article tries to explain that Persian Ghazal from very beginning which became a means for teaching of blaming. Writing this paper is a step toward recognizing the identity of the cultural and literary works of Malamatian and finding the footprint of their impact on teachings and beliefs in the Persian Ghazal and especially founding of a kind of Ghazal; namely, <>

Storytelling has always been mental and affective needs of human from a long time ago. Iranians have been focused on its didactic aspect. Anecdote-making is also one of the methods of storytelling which was used with advising contents on the Mathnavies like Kellileh-va-Demneh in forth centuries. Sanai’s Hadighieh is the first mystical poem of fifth centuries which is composed by aim of training mystical, religious and moral contents. it used allegorical stories to express the concepts. After that, Attar extended this method and Molana completed it. furthemore, Amir Khosrou Dehlavi in 8th century, with following Nezami, composed Matla-al-Anvar in the method of Makhzan-al-Asrar. in all of these Mathnavies, narratives are used in order to explain and emphasize on moral-mystical contents. Stories have different functions regarding to their didactic aspects, but the goal of the present paper is define "what are the goals of didactic narratives in Matla-al-Anvar; and what function did Amir Khosro Dehlavi use to explain his moral-mystical contents? In this study, 20 stories of Matla-al-Anvar have been studied with analytic-descriptive method with regard to content. the results showed that Amir Khosro Dehlavi for his narratives used various functions such as satisfaction, proof, illustration and perception, taking the lesson, facilitating complicate issues, defamiliarising and evolution in order to explain mystical-moral problems.

Ghabousnameh is a Persian book whose author is Onsorolmali Keikavousebne Eskandar. He has written this book for his son, Gilanshah, in 44 chapters, in case that if his son wanted to rule after his father or choose to do something else in an immediate manner, he would be aware of how to do his duties. In this book, Onsorolmali has cited lots of educational advice from philosophers. the speakers of these words are not clear and the scholars who analyzed Ghabousnameh did not mention the speakers of these wise words. By reflecting upon wisdom cited in Arabic sources from Iranians before Islam, it became clear that many of these words belonging to Iranian philosophers or at least they were common and known to Ancient Iran.

Thinking about Mashayekh’s biographies and studying the interaction between targeted and coherent system of Monastery (Khanghah) and society indicate that purification and education of devotees and common people based on values and mystical thoughts was the main aim and mission of Islamic Sufism. The great Sufism always have used speech as the most important means effective on their addressee in order to achieve this aim. Considering the importance of the issue, this research tries to clarify means, dimensions, and causes of such a breaking of norms, and explain it on the basis of Roman Jacobson’s theory, i.e. “The process of verbal communication”, and also relied on the verbal communications of Abosaeed e Abolkheyr, the great mystic of fifth century (A.H.). Abosaeed e abolkheyr, according to the outcomes of the research, mainly resorted to expression in order to promote and remind ethical norms, to explain and admit other’s and his spiritual states, and to resolve the needs of his private and general Audiences, by taking advantage of techniques such as using literary language, irony, discussion, and ecstatic phrases. Propositions of his verbal communication, according to status of the speaker, goal of the speech, and requirements of the audience and talk, are mainly based on factors like audience, speaker, subject and codes. The roles resulting from the emphasis on these factors is often a modulation of two or more roles of the inspirational, emotional, referential, cross-language and sometimes literary type. Among all these, the inspirational role, since Abosaeed’s remarks were audience-centered, and the cross-language role, due to the propositions being coded and the need for audiences to be aware of the background of Abosaeed’s verbal propositions, is more important.

Stories have lots of capacity to explain wisdom anddidacticissues. Prophets’stories such as holly Soleyman especially have this capacity. The word wisdom in Soleymaon story may be considered in many ways 1-the wordHikmat thatisdirectly related to Soleyman, in the book of Torah Society as well as philosophers,who says wise speeches. The book Soleyman’s proverb also contains these speeches. In addition, in holly Quranthere is specialized science which God has given to Solomonand he is verythankful to God and considered it as a merit.2-Proverbs derived from Solomon story which is the simplest type of Hikmat. 3- Wisdom, didactic and advices points in the story which surely has lots of details. Most significant parts of Soleymanregarding didactic onesareSoleyman, wind and Ant adventure.Soleyman’s life from succession andheredity from David until his death is full of wisdom and Hikmat which in this paper has been explained and analyzed.

Most Iranian poets, who composed poems for children, have focused on lyric, didactic and epic literatures of literary types; therefore, emotional themes such as mother, father, teacher, etc. are mostly found in poems for children. Several epic poetry have been also composed for children among of which are the long poem of Archer Arash by Siavash Kasraei and Noon on 10th Day by Gheisar Aminpoor.Due to considerable importance of educations, many didactic poems have been composed for children; especially in constitution time which was a time to focus on educating children. Nasim Shomal and Iraj Mirza have paid more attention to educating children than other poets in constitution time.The most important subjects in children poems at contemporary time are ethical, social, scientific and cultural matters and issue on resistance and the main themes of didactic poems are theology, respect to parents, friendship, science learning, etc. In the present paper, literary types and main themes of children poems from constitution time up to now have been studied and analysed.

Human beings have civic nature and have to live in grope. Thus, if they want to sustain their life and fix requirements they must apply group life skills such as effective communication, bravery and sympathy.Muslim mystics with keeping the principles, dignities and humanity bases and while living in a multicultural environment with the most obvious language explained the depths of human existence and variable needs of human beings. Molana Jalaledin Rumi Balkhi (672-604) is among the mystic that through his cosmic knowledge has explained the personal and social needs of human nature in the form of anecdote and allegory to create healthy and good life. This great scientist was influenced by Quran – Islamic with deep insight into the layers of human has been able to show a man deeply rooted feelings.In this study we have been tried to identify the social skills in Jalaleddin Rumi and analysis of these strategies from his views.

Sirah and methods of religious elders including the great Prophet and infallible Imams indicate that in addition the establishment of monotheistic thought, they lead people to praiseworthy ethical characteristics. Therefore, they believe that ethics and monotheistic belief were considered to be two major bases in the faith community. However, it seems that Islamic community after neglecting ethical issues, some educated scholars of Islamic culture tried to focus on ethical values once again in order that this basis revived. In this study, Sheikh Mosleheddin Saadi Shirazi’s ideas and comments concerning ethical issues have been examined.According to him, such factors as the maximum attitudes to changing a person to ethical character, deepening the culture of doing and not doing, expediency and profit-seeking and ethical advocators who don’t have ethics play major roles in destruction of ethical values.