فصلنامه پژوهشهای تولیدات دامی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol, extract and pomogrante peel in diet contained fish oil on performance, nutrients digestibilities and tibia bone calcifaction in broiler chickens. Three hundred and eighty four 1-d-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 8 groups with 4 replicates of 12 birds each and reared for 42 days.Eight dietary treatments including, control diet without feed additive, control diet mixed with 200 mg/kg α-tocopherol, control dietmixed with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg peel pomogrante exractand control diet dietmixed 10, 20 and 30 g pomogrante peel per kg of diet. Additions of 200 mg/ kg of pomegranate peel extract, showed better performance than other supplements. Fecal digestibility of calcium, protein, fat and ash and bone calcium had significant difference compared to diets without supplement (P<0/05). As the pomegranate peeland increased in diet than condensed tannins and hydrolysable apparent ileal digestibility decreased (P<0/05). The results of this experiment showed, that suplementation of 200 mg/kg of pomegranate peel extract in diet were improved performance without negative effects on nutrient digestibilities in broiler chickens.

ment aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of Gracilariopsis persica seaweed using 112 Japanese quail with four treatments and four replications in a completely randomized design for 12 weeks. The seaweed Gracilariopsis persica was added to diets in levels of 0, 1, 3, 5 percent. MDA concentration was measured in the yolk as oxidation index after zero, 50, 100 concentration and 150 min iron-induced oxidation. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, HDL and LDL were determined at the end of the experiment (12 weeks). Malondialdehyde concentrations in egg yolk of birds fed diets containing Gracilariopsis persica were lower than the control group (P< 0.05). Also, the birds fed on Gracilariopsis persica diets had lower LDL and cholesterol in their serum compared with control group (P< 0.05). The results showed that Gracilariopsis persica have antioxidant and cholesterol-lowering effects and can be considered as a new feed additive.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical form of feed, probiotic and prebiotic feed supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. Two handred sixty four Cobb 500 strain chicks were used at a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, with 24 experimental units (8 treatments with 3 replicates of 11 chickenss per replicate). Treatments were included two feed forms (pellet vs. mash), two levels of probiotics Primalac® (zero and 900 g/ton) and two levels of prebiotic Fermacto® (zero and 2 kg/ton), respectively. The pellet form of diet causes of higher intake, body weight gain and better FCR (P<0.05). Interactions between physical form and probiotic supplementation on 4th and 5th weeks was significant on weight gain (P<0.05). Also, level of probiotic and prebiotic had a significant effect on FCR at 4th and 5th weeks (P<0.05). The gizzard pereceantage was significantly affected by physical form of diet (P<0.05) and supplementation of probiotic and prebiotic had not effect on carcass traits. Results of this study showed that by physical form of diet resulted in a significant improvement in broiler performance and the effects of probiotic and prebiotic on broiler performance was only significant at earlier ages of broiler chickenes.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sesame oil contains natural antioxidant and/or α-tocopheryl acetate on growth performance, blood metabolites and small intestinal morphology of male broilers. A total of 100 Ross male broilers with 7 days of age, were randomly divided into four ditary treatments. Each diet was randomly fed to five replicates of 5 chicks each. The treatments including: a corn soybean meal based diet with added crude corn oil and without feed additive supplementation (negative control diet, NC), a NC diet with 250 mg of α-tocopheryl acetate/kg (positive control, PC) and two test diets, one with 50 and other with 100 percent of crude corn oil in NC diet replaced with sesame oil. Chicks fed with diet in which 50 percent of corn oil replaced with sesame oil, had the highest average daily gains (P<0.05). Sesame oil replacement in the diet had not any significant effect on feed intake and feed conversion ratios. Chicks fed with positive and negative control diets, had the highest and lowest dressing percentages, respectively (P<0.05). Replacing of sesame oil for corn oil in diet significantly increased the length, width and apical surface absorption as compared with those fed the negative control diet (P<0.05). Chickens fed diet containing 50 percent sesame oil had the lowest serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations (P<0.05). Using of sesame oil in diet like supplementation with α-tocopheryl acetate could have positive effects on growth performance, blood metabolites concentrations and gastrointestinal health of young broiler chickens, due to its strong antioxidant compounds in first weeks of age.

In present study the effect of different routes of probiotic administration on performance and small intestinal morphology of Japanese quails was studied. Total of 144 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) one-day old chicks were divided into 3 experimental groups after hatch including: A. control (without probiotics), B. oral group (dosed by 107 cfu/50 µl probiotics via oesophageal gavage) and C. vent lip group (dosed 107 cfu/10 µl probiotics directly into vent). Protexin (Protexin, Somerset, UK) was used as probiotics. On d 35 after all birds weighed, three birds in every pen (12 in each experimental group) were killed via cervical dislocation. One cm of midpoint of duodenum and ileum were cut for histomorphology assays. Oral group had higher body weight, body weight gain and feed intake than control (P < 0.05). Ileum was longer in vent lip group than the other groups (P < 0.05). Oral-treated birds had higher duodenum villus height and crypt depth than control birds (P < 0.05). In the cloacal-treated quails, ileum had higher villus height than the other birds (P < 0.05) and deeper crypt than control birds (P < 0.05). The numbers of both types of goblet cells (acidic mucin producer and neutral mucin producer) were higher in birds received probiotics (P < 0.05). Based on the results the entrance route of probiotics could influence the location of intestinal morphological changes.

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of an organic acid at three levels of dietary electrolyte balances (DEB) on growth performance، acidity and gut microbial population of broiler chickens. A total of 720 as-hatched Ross 308 broilers were used in the study from day 1 old to 40 days of age. The experiment was carried out using a complete block design with factorial arrangement (2×3). Each dietary treatment were replicated 4 times. Experimental diets included 3 levels of DEB (200, 250 and 300 mEq/kg) with or without 0. 4 % of the organic acid. Effects of dietary treatments were evaluated on performance criteria, carcass components, gut microbial population and pH of different sections of gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that feed intake of chickens fed 300 mEq DEB were higher than two other groups (200 and 250 mEq) and the effects were significant during finisher and entire periods (P<0. 05). Dietary supplementation of organic acid also increased feed intake in all experimental periods (P<0. 05). The average weight gain of chicks received diet with 300 meq/kg DEB was higher than other groups during the starter and grower period (P<0. 05). Effect of organic acids on weight gain was significant during all stages of experiment (P<0. 05). Gizzard weight of broilers fed diets containing 300 mEq DEB was higher, but the difference was significant only with 200 mEq DEB (P<0. 05). Organic acids supplementation of dietary treatment had significant effect on femoral and back percentage (P<0. 05). The main and interaction effects of dietary treatments on feed conversion ratio were not significant. The enterococci count decreased in 300 mEq DEB also a significant difference was observed between 300 mEq DEB and 200 mEq DEB treatment (P<0. 05). The results showed that using organic acid could increases weight gain and feed intake of broilers without any change in microbial population of cecum or changing the pH of GI.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic acids and phytase enzyme supplementation on immune system and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. The experiment was done in factorial arrangement 2×2×2 based on completely randomized design with 8 treatments, 5 replicates and 12 chicks in each to 42 d of age. Diets including natural vinegar (0 and 2%), citric acid (0 and 1%) and phytase enzyme (0 and 500 U phytase/kg of feed). All the birds were vaccinated against Newcastle disease by lasota vaccine via aye drop in 11 and 23 days. In order to study the immune system situation, blood samples of two birds of each replicate was taken in 42 day. After serum separation, the IgG of NDV was detected by HI test. One birds of each replicate (five birds of each treatment) randomly selected and were killed to evaluate lymphoid organs weigh and carcass characteristics at 42 day. The analysis of results showed that addition of vinegar and phytase significantly increased the relative weight of bursa (P<0/05). Interaction effect of citric acid with vinegar and with phytase enzyme significantly increased the relative weight of bursa (P<0/05) also vinegar significantly increased the relative weight of spleen (P<0/05). Phytase significantly increased the abdominal fat (P<0/05) while citric acid and interaction effect of citric acid with vinegar significantly decreased the abdominal fat (P<0/05). In current study treatments hasn’t any effect on internal organs relative weight (P>0/05).

A total of 130 Arian broiler chicks were used in this study in order to assess the effects of tryptophan, melatonin and dark regimes on the performance and blood parameters of chickens exposed to heat stress. The chicks were allocated to the experimental units in an unbalanced completely randomized design. The treatments were control group, 40 mg of melatonin per kg of diet from 30-40 days of age and 0.04% of tryptophan per kg of diet from 10-40 days of age and dark period from 10-40 days of age. All treatments were daily exposed to heat stress (39±1C°) for 6 hours from 35-40 days of age. Minimal weight gain was achieved in the third weeks of age and the birds that received tryptophan treatment have highest weight in fourth weeks of weights (P<0.05). The highest level of high density lipo-protein related to tryptophan and melatonin treatments at 40 days (P<0.05). The level of T3 in darkness treatment at 35 days and TBARS level in darkenss and melatonin treatments were decreased (P<0.05). Results of this experiment showed that melatonin supplementation however of its usage after 30 days but had better influence in performance and blood parameters such as increased levels of high density lipoprotein protein and lower of thiobarbituric acid.

Oxidative stress during freezing-thawing reduces motility, viability, membrane functions, antioxidant capacity and finally sperm fertility. Salvia sahendica has antioxidant properties due to phenolic, flavonoids, phenolic acids and phenolic diterpenes compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Salvia sahendica extract as a natural antioxidant on quality of frozen-thawed Holstein bull sperms. In this study, semen samples were collected from three Holstein bulls twice a week using artificial vagina and ejaculates were pooled in order to eliminate the individual effects of bulls. Different levels of Salvia sahendica ethanol extract (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ml in dl diluent solution) (which determined based on previous tests) were added to diluents based on egg yolk-citrate. Following cooling and equilibration stage of semen samples, the samples were exposed to nitrogen vapor to be frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until evaluation. Motility, viability, membrane integrity and the lipid peroxidation parameters of the samples were evaluated after thawing. The results of evaluation showed that, the addition of 2 and 4 ml/dl of Salvia sahendica extract improved motility parameters significantly and addition of 4 ml/dl extract improved viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperms significantly process compared to the control group following freeze-thawing process (P <0.05). Addition of 4 ml/dl extract reduced malondialdehyde concentrations compared to the other groups, however, the differences were not statistically significant. Also, addition of 16 and 20 ml/dl extract had a significantly negative effect on all evaluated traits (P<0.05).

The objective of the present study was to determine the best dietary level of L-arginine on the growth performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters of female Ross broiler chickens in the starter and grower periods. In this experiment, 192 day old female Ross broiler chicks were fed with 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design, in which each dietary treatment included 4 replications. Dietary treatments included 100%, 153%, 168% and 183% of digestible arginine, based on the Ross catalogue recommendation, and were fed from day 1 to 24. At the end of experiment, three chickens per replication were selected randomly, blood samples were collected from each, and they were slaughtered in order to measure carcass traits. The results showed that dietary arginine treatments had a significant (P<0.05) increasing effect on body weight, carcass efficiency, muscle yield, and growth of small intestine and decreasing effect on abdominal fat weight. Arginine supplementation increased (P<0.05) plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxin, but reduced (P<0.05) plasma concentrations of triglyceride and urea. According to the results of this study, consumption level of 168% digestible arginine, based on the Ross catalogue recommendation, had the best results on growth improvement and carcass traits.

This experiment was done to determine the effectd of growth stage on chemical composition and processing by NaOH and CaOH2 on ruminally degradability of Haloxylon sp. pasture plant in seeding stage. The enough amount of Haloxylon in 3 vegetation stages was prepared from Amari SarChah in May and October and December of 2010. The chemical composition of Haloxylon sp. was determined in three stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seeding. The processing samples of maturity stage with NaOH and CaOH2was done in plastic bags and chemical composition and degradability characteristics was determined. The level of crude protein and ash reduced with the progress in growth stage and level of neutral detergent fiber increased. In the samples processed by NaOH and CaOH2 compared with the samples which were not processed, level of crude protein and ash increased and level of neutral detergent fiber reduced. Degradation coefficient a of crude protein in the samples processed by CaOH2 significantly increased compared with other treatments. Coefficient b of crude protein processed by NaOH significantly increased compared with other samples. Degradation coefficients a andbfractionof NDF showed significant difference between the samples. Therefore, the results demonstrated that, with the increase in growth stage, protein level of Haloxylon sp. plant decreased and its NDF and ADF levels increased. Moreover, processing Haloxylon sp. pasture plant by NaOH and CaOH2 caused degradation increase of dry matter, crude protein and NDF.

This study evaluated the effects of a commercial symbiotic product containing a probiotic(E. faecium), a prebiotic (Fructo­oligosaccharide) and a phytogenic compound (sea algae­extract) on performance and health of Holstein diary calves. 29 newborn calves were assigned by sex and birth date to 10 blocks and allocated to 3 treatments; control (CON, n = 9); CON supplemented with symbiotic via milk (5 g /calf /d) from d 3 of age (SYN3; n = 10); and CON supplemented with symbiotic via milk from d 30 of age (SYN30; n = 10). Calves were abruptly weaned based on the consumption of a minimum of 680 g/d of starter feed for 3 consecutive d and immediately moved to group pens, where they received the respective additives via starter feed until d 75. Body weight (BW) and body growth measures were recorded biweekly during pre­weaning and weekly during post­weaning period. Feces were scored weekly and sampled on d 14, 42 and 70. Blood samples were taken on weaning day, 24 h post­weaning and d 75. During the first 2 wk of the experiment, BW decreased in the CON and SYN30 groups (­890 and ­­240 g, respectively), while it was increased numerically in SYN3 group (+500 g). Mean BW was higher in SYN30 than SYN3 and CON groups (62.9 vs. 59.9, and 59.2 kg, respectively, P < 0.05). However, treatments did not affect final weight, ADG, pre­weaning starter intake, and weaning age. Also, there were no significant differences between treatments in fecal microbial count and blood parameters. Overall, except for a higher mean BW in SYN30 treatment, simultaneous supply of pre­ and pro­biotics and phytogenics as well as time of supplementation did not affect performance and health-related parameters in dairy calves.

In order to determine the digestibility of different levels of Sprouted Barley (SB) (0, 15, 30 and 45%), 16 adult male sheep by completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, were used. Measuring of dry matter and protein degradability parameters of the SB was achieved from 3 rumen cannulated Taleshi breed bulls. The mean and standard deviation of chemical composition of SB including dry matter, crud protein, crude ash, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, starch, soluble carbohydrates, Ca and P were 52.63±0.005, 10.31±0.58, 2.53±0.25, 2.78±0.15, 20.11±0.53, 44.77±1.47, 17.35±0.95, 0.096±0.006 and 0.402±0.004 % in DM, respectively. In addition, the Gross Energy was obtained 4296±102 Mcal/g. The mean of CP, CF, OM, soluble carbohydrates and GE for SB were significantly higher than barley grain (P<0.05). The mean of digestibility of DM, OM, CP, GE, NDF and DE for germinated barley obtained using difference procedure were 75.08, 81.95, 62.75, 77.66, 54.03 % and 3.34 Mcal/gr, respectively. Digestibility of NDF, GE and DE were increased (P<0.05). The degradable parameters of germinated barely for rapidly degradable fraction (a), slowly degradable fraction (b), rate of degradation (c) for dray matter were 35.19, 51.32 and 24.62 percent per hour.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different levels of yeast Saccaromyses Cerveasia and molasses on chemical composition, nutritive value and degradability of Artiplex lentiformis silage. The levels of yeast Saccaromyses Cerveasia include: 0, 2.5 and 5 g/kg dry matter and levels of molasses include: 0, 10 and 15 precent were that added to Atriplex lentiformis silage. The experiment was conducted the factorial method 3 × 3 on based a completely randomized design. The chemical composition were include: dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), aSh, neutral detrjent fibr (NDF), acid deterjent fibr (ADF), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP) and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC). degradation percent dry matter of samples was detemned by in situ technique with using two ruminal fistulated sistani steers. Test results showed that levels of 2.5 and 5 g/kg yeast significantly increased dry matter and decreased water soluble carbohydrate But had no the disarable effect on neutral detrjent fibr (NDF) and acid deterjent fibr (ADF). In contrast, levels 10 and 15 percent molasses reduced the neutral detrjent fibr (NDF), acid deterjent fibr (ADF) and was increased dry matter content and water soluble carbohydrate levels of 2.5 g/kg yeast and %10 molasses were showed the highest amount digradibility dry matter and no significant difference with control. The results of this research showed that yeast Saccaromyses Cerveasia and molasses can somewhat improve the nutrition value Atriplex lentiformis silage but the effect of molasses on the degradation and nutritive value of Atriplex lentiformis was more beter than yeast Saccaromyses Cerveasia.

The objective of this study was the determination of nutritive value and feeding different levels of vetch-barley mixed culture on fattening performance, blood metabolites and apparent nutrient digestibility of Moghani male lamb. This experiment was performed by using 16 Moghani male lambs in a complete randomized design with 4 experimental diets during 75 days. Dietary treatments were: 1) control diet without vicia-barly mixed culture, 2) diet with 33 percent vicia-barly mixed culture, 3) diet with 66 percent vicia-barly mixed culture and 4) diet with 100 percent vicia-barly mixed culture. The metabolizable energy content of vicia-barly was estimated 2.64 Mcal/kg by gas test data. The experimental diets had a significant effect on weight change, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Apparent digestibility of DM and CP was significantly affected by experimental diets. Experimental diets had a significant effect on plasma glucose concentration (P=0.002). Based on obtained results, replacing vicia-barley mixed culture up to 33 percent of lamb fattening diets with forage and concentrate portion of diets with balancing it according to nutrients requirements of animals is recommended.

In this study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 109 Kermani sheep from Kermani sheep breeding station. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood sample using modified salting out method and polymerase chain reactions were performed for amplification of 214 bp fragment containing a part of exon 4 of GH gene. Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) was used for genotyping. For this purpose, vertical electrophoresis of PCR products was performed on 12% acrylamide gel, at 300 V, for 17 h at 4 C˚. Silver-staining of gels, resulted three genotypic patterns of 1, 2 and 3 with frequencies of 20.18%, 35.77% and 44.03%, respectively. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software. The results showed no­ significant association between the different patterns of GH gene and growth traits.

In this study, 5608 records of Kordi sheep body weights collected during 21 years (1990 to 2010) in Sheep Breeding Station of Shirvan were used to estimate genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends. Best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) of breeding values were obtained by derivative free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) using univariate animal model. Genetic, phenotypic and environmental trends were estimated by regression of average estimated breeding values, average phenotypic values and average difference between phenotypic and breeding values on birth year, respectively. Total genetic progress in 21 years for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), body weight at 6 (6W), 9 (9W) and 12 months of age (12W) were 0.017, 0.890, 1.319, 0.727 and 1.199 kg, respectively. Genetic trends for BW, WW, 6W, 9W and 12W were 4.4±0.5, 64±2, 73±3, 71.56±4 and 98.4±5 gr per year, respectively. The phenotypic trends for BW, WW, 6W, 9W and 12W were 16±2, 328±13, 227±18, 295±23 and 405±28 gr per year, respectively. Estimates of trends were significant for all traits (P < 0.01).

In order to study the effect of incomplete sire's pedigree on genetic trend (bBv,y) and gain (R) of quantitative trait, two population were simulated with the heritability 0.15 and 0.30. For each population, information resulted from ten years of selection were saved in different files. In generated data files, the sire numbers were eliminated from pedigree file with 0, 10, 20, …, 100 percentage by two randomly and sequentially methods. The data files were analyzed using animal model. In two populations and the sire numbers deletion method, genetic trend were significantly reduced with increasing the sire number deletion proportions. Reduction of estimated genetic trends in no sire numbers data file rather than complete pedigree's and simulated base population, were 86.18% and 89.1% in population 1 and 88.42% and 90.16% in population 2 respectively. Reduction of bBv,y and R in lower deletion proportions were higher than the later one in random deletion method while were uniformly in the sequential deletion method. Annually genetic gains were significantly decreased based on growing sire missing proportions. Then, it is necessary for breeders to increase accuracy of sire numbers recording in breeding flocks.

The study was designed to investigate the relationship between growth trait and biometric traits in Baluchi sheep. This study was conducted to estimate the genetic and phenotypic biometric traits including daily gain (ADG) and height at withers (HW), height at back (HB), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), leg girth (LG) and testis girth (TG) in Baluchi sheep. Total data of 4542 records from six experimental herds of Jahad Organization Research Centre of Mashhad County were collected since 2001 to 2011. Data were analyzed using General Linear Model (GLM) of SAS. For the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic correlation between traits, animal model uni and multi-trait by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) of WOMBAT 32 (Meyer 2007) have been used. The mean heritability of ADG, BL, HG, HW, HB, TG and LG traits was estimated 0.13±0.01, 0.11±0.06, 0.21±0.07, 0.17±0.06, 0.32±0.1 and 0.2±0.06 respectively. The results of the current study showed that the TG trait has the highest heritability. The estimations shows genetic improvement will be predictable in biometric traits of Baluchi sheep. The genetic correlation between traits was positive, ranged between 0.15-0.97. Moreover, phenotypic correlation was positive and was estimated in range of 0.32 to 0.94.

In this study, selection strategies were simulated to find optimal selection strategy in Japanese quails. Breeding goal was consisted of body weight and egg weight traits. Effects of using genetic markers related to carcass weight were investigated by five different selection strategies. In this case, breeding goal included body weight, egg weight and carcass weight. Deterministic simulation, based on single stage selection and discrete generation, was used for predicting genetic gain and rate of inbreeding. In the first (base) program, phenotypic information was available on body and egg weights. In the second program, information on body and egg weights along with carcass weight were included in selection index and in the third program, with taking into account the indirect carcass measurements in selection index, including breast weight and back weight, genetic gain was increased for body weight compared with two previous mentioned programs. Genetic gain for body weight was decreased by including indirect carcass measurements in selection index. In marker assisted selection programs, QTL information that described 5, 10, 20 and 50% of genetic variation in carcass weight was also included in selection index. In the next step, within the first breeding program which assumed QTL described 5% of genetic variance for carcass weight, genetic progress of carcass weight was increased 3.1% in relation to base program. This increasing trend was observed for other cases with different values of genetic variance described by assumed QTL. In the fourth program which assumed QTL described 50% of genetic variance for carcass weight, this increase reached to 42%. Genetic response for carcass weight was increased appropriately with considering different values of genetic variance due to QTL. Therefore, the use of QTL information resulted in increase in the accuracy of breeding values and it could be possible to select genetically superior candidates with greater reliability values.

In this study, male and female birds of two strains including pure white (P1) and pure wild (P2) were chosen as parental generation and were crossed reciprocally to create the F1 progeny. The F1 birds were mated randomly to produce the F2 progeny. The studied traits were body weight at different ages, slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass composition, internal organs, tonic immobility (TI) and rectal temperature. The statistical model included the fixed effects of the genetic group, sex, color, and age. Orthogonal comparisons used to test the observed heterosis included F1:P1, P2; F2:P1, P2 and F1, F2:P1, P2. F1 birds performed better than the average of the parental strains showing heterosis rates of +10.1 and +8.6% for slaughter weight and carcass weight, respectively. The effect of sex on slaughter weight and carcass percent was significant (P < 0.01). Duration of TI in white strain was higher than those of the wild strain and F1 progeny. The results indicated significant genetic effects for production traits and tonic immobility, a fear indicator, in Japanese quail.