نشریه تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 32، پاییز 1396)

In this study, the taxonomy and species diversity of parasitois wasps of Pimpliformes and Ichneumoniformes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were investigated in the some areas of Yazd province (Zarkoeih, Manshd, Bahabad, Dehert and Totiabad) in 2015. The specimens were collected using Malaise traps. Two Malaise traps were placed in each locality in a distance of about 50-100 meters from April to September. Specimens were extracted from the Malaise traps once in every two weeks. In the study of species diversity, species Mesoleptus sp. Of Cryptinae (Ichneumoniformes) family with 24 individuals (%13/28) had the highest frequency, and the Manshad region had the greatest diversity. A total, Pimpliformes group 13 species belonged to 9 genera and three subfamilies, and Ichneumoniformes group 16 species belonged to 12 genera and two subfamilies were collected and identified. Of these, all species, except the two species of Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) and Cryptus nr.inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Yazd province are new.

The cypress habitat of Firoozabad in Fars province is one of the valuable reserves of cypress tree (Cupressus sempervirence) in Iran. The climate of this habitat is semi-arid with an average annual rainfall of 434.8 mm and an average annual temperature of 20.6 degrees Celsius. Flora, life form, geographical distribution, and medicinal species of this habitat were studied in the present work. Identification of the collected specimens was done using the relevant references. As a result, 238 species belonging to 188 genera and 61 families were identified in the area. Asteraceae with 42 species and 33 genera and Astragalus with seven species are the largest family and genus in this region, respectively. Therophytes with 45 percent and hemicryptophytes with 25 percent were the most frequent life forms in the flora of Firoozabad cypress habitat. Geographical distribution of the species includes 38 percent Iran-Turanian, 28 percent bi-regional (Irano-Turanian, Mediterranean; Irano-Turanian, Euro-Siberian and Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Sindian), 14 percent tri-regional (Irano-Turanian, Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Sindian, Mediterranean), 3 percent multi-regional and 5 percent cosmopolite elements. Twenty-eight species (12 percent) in this habitat are endemic for Iran. In addition, 26 species used as medicinal plants.

In this study, a total of 35 samples belonging to 9 species of the genus Allium sect. Acanthoprason were evaluated. The samples were analyzed using 6 SRAP primer combinations that showed 78 bands. The obtained data were then analyzed using NTSYS-pc software, Jaccard, Dice coefficients, and Neighbor Joining clustering method. The results showed that all samples of each species were mainly grouped, which supports the taxonomic classification based on morphology. Regarding the high genetic similarities, geographic distribution and previous studies, A. derderianum and A. alamutense can be considered as close related species. Also the results showed a close relationship between A. hamedanense and A. materculae. Based on the results of this study, the taxonomic status of the section in Iran needs to be revised. Indeed, SRAP can be useful in distinguishing the species in the closely related species. As the species of Acanthoprason are endemic to Iran and it is critical to have programs for protection of the species.

Trifolium tomentosum L. is an annual plant in the Mediterranean and western part of the Iran-Turanian region, which is also found in the west and southwest of Iran. Due to its high tolerance to saline and flood soils and the suitability of feeding livestock, this can be a good alternative to rangeland rejuvenation. This species has three varieties of tomentosum, curvisepalum and chthonocephalum in Iran. This study investigates genetic variation and relationships in 40 individuals from 10 populations of this species using CDDP method. Out of 12 primers, 117 bands were obtained, of which 115 (98.29%) were polymorphic. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the samples were classified into two distinct groups, the first cluster including var. tomentosum and the second cluster including curvisepalum and chthonocephalum varieties. The mean genetic variation of Nie (H) and Shannon's information index (I) were highest in var. chthonocephalum. The analysis of molecular variance also showed that the intra-population genetic diversity (62%) was higher than inter-population genetic variation (38%), which confirms the outbreeding of this species. In general, according to the results of this study, curvisepalum and chthonocephalum varieties of T. tomentosum are more similar, which are not consistent with the results of older studies based on SSR and IRAP markers, and it can be said that the varieties of T. tomentosum are very similar and the molecular markers cannot separate the varieties of this species well.

The genus Astragalus L. has the highest number of plant species in Iran. In order to study the vegetation of Lorestan province between 2001 to 2013, a collection species of Astragalus L. in province of Lorestan was collected and identified. This study showed that there are 125 species belong to 29 Section in different habitats of Lorestan province. Forty species (32%) have not been reported from Lorestan province. from the 14 endemic and semi-endemic sections of Iran, 11 of them were identified in Lorestan. Hemicryptophytes with 59 species (47.2%) are the most abundant life form of Astragalus in Lorestan province. Topography is an important factor in the diversity of Astragalus species in Lorestan. At lowlands species such as A. brachyodontus Boiss., A. siliquosus Boiso., A. hamosus L., and in high-lands spiny bushes and cushions such as A. myriacanthus Boiss., A. gossypinus Fisch., A. floccosus Boiss., A. verus Olivier, A. effusus Bunge and A. ophiocarpus Bunge Were identified.

The identification and determination of Iranian Alopecurus specimens is doubtful; therefore, it is necessary to study the genus in Iran. Up to now, 12 species and 3 subspecies have been reported in previous studies in Iran. In this research, A. aequalis, A. arundinaceus, A. aucheri, A. mucronatus, A. myosuroides and A. textilis together with four subspecies are confirmed. Also, the presence of A. apiatus, A. dasyanthus, A. himalaicus, A. pratensis, A. seravshanicus and A. vaginatus was not confirmed in Iran. A. laguroides, distributed in Turkey and the Caucasus region, is reported for the first time from Iran on the basis of two samples collected from Sabalan Mountain. Also, A. arundinaceus subsp. armenus and A. myosuroides subsp. tonsus are as new reports for flora of Iran. In addition, morphological description, geographical distribution in the world and Iran, a key for Iranian species as well taxonomical discussion on reported species from Iran are also presented.