نشریه تاکسونومی و بیوسیستماتیک
سال هشتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 27، تابستان 1395)

34 individuals (24♂♂10♀♀) were collected from apple orchards, alfalfa fields of Urmia, Salmas, Khoy, Makoo, Miyandoab, Shahindej and Tekab of West Azerbaijan. Different methods as live traps, snap traps and hand were used to collect samples. Morphology, skull and karyotype of live specimens were used for identification of species. Some samples got taxidermy as Museum samples. All samples were belonged to Microtus. Among 53 world species, two species M. arvalis and M. socialis are hazardous in orchards and alfalfa fields of West Azerbaijan province. Two species of Microtus were collected from Salmas and Tekab. Those were new records for this region that are in the process of identification. Ellobius and Mus musculus is the other damaging genera in the orchards and the fields near the mountains and fields.

Rubus L. genus from Rosaceae has about 750 species, from which 8 species and 5 hybrids from Iran. In this study stem, leaflet, petiole, stipule and pedicle anatomy of 7 species of the genus Rubus subgenus. Rubus is invesgitated. These species include R. sanctus, R. persicus, R. hyrcanus, R. hirtus, R. dilichocarpus, R. discolor and R. caesius. Plant samples were collected and then fixed and handmade cross-section of leave were prepared and stained with methyl green and carmine. Several slides were studies and photographed with light microscope (LM). Among studied character, five quantitative features such as shape of transvers cross section, type of glandular and non-glandular trichome, presence or absence of stalk glandular trichome, distribution of calcium oxalate crystal and thickness of cuticle were studied in separation of species. Also, five quantitative features such as number of vascular bundles, number of collenchyma layer (in stem and petiole), number of palisade and spongy paranchymatous layer (in leaflet) and presence or absence palisade paranchymatous in stipule are valuable and can be used in distinguishing species.

Miandasht Wildlife Refuge covers 84435 hectars area, located in southwest of North Khorassan province. Mean annual precipitation is 250 mm and altitude range is 912-1085 m. Plants were collected during 2010-2013 by geodesic and eco-phytosociologic methodology. Totally, 260 taxa belonging to 156 genera and 38 families from Angiosperms and Gymnosperms were identified. The results showed that Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Papilionaceae, Brassicaceae and Poaceae, respectively, with the most number of species, are existed in the region. Astragalus is the most divers genus in flora of Miandasht. Based on Raunkiaer classification, 53.46% of species are therophytes, 18.08% hemicryptophytes, 13.46% chamephytes, 8.85% geophytes and 5.38% phanerophytes. Twenty-four (9.23% of all species) belong to thirteen families are endemic to Iran, that fourteen of them are LR and nine species are DD. The chorologic study of plants, showed that specific elements of Irano - Turanian region with 67.31% of frequency are maximum. Percentages of common elements of IT-SS, IT-M, IT-ES are 11.92%, 3.46% and 4.23%, respectively, threeregional elements 8.46% and ploriregional element 4.62% are of total number of plants.

This research was conducted to determination and assess changes in richness and cover of epiphytic mosses on ironwood trees(Parrotia persica Pojark) trunks along trunk elevation and slope aspect gradients, in lowland and protected forest of Natural Resource College of Tarbiat Modares University (Parts of western limit of Noor forest reserved). To do this, a number of 20 individual of ironwood trees with a diamerter higher than 40 cm were selected randomly in the study area. A rectangle with 40*30 cm in two geographical directions (Northern and Southern), in 4 height classes (from 0 to 160cm) on the trunks was sampled and related characteristics were recorded. Results of floristic study showed that presence of 17 epiphytic mosses species and the endemic species Palamocladium euchloron among the species with highest presence and Brachytheciaceae family with 7 species were the most important taxa and family in the forest. Richness and cover percentage of epiphytic mosses had the highest averages in northern and lower parts of the trees trunk, this could be due to higher moisture in northern direction and lower parts of the trunk. Result of the study, well clarified the changes of distribution and abundance of the most important forest elements in relationship changes of geographical situation of Parrotia persica trunks.

Phlomoides (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) is a species rich, widespread, and taxonomically complex genus. A comparative anatomical study of the petioles and leaf lamina of 17 Phlomoides taxa representing 4 sections of the genus distributed in Iran was carried out to evaluate interspecific relationships and anatomical features that may be useful in species identification and subgeneric classification. The general leaf anatomy of Phlomoides species presented here corroborates earlier studies in Lamiaceae and on a few studied species in the genus. Leaf anatomy provides valuable characters that are useful in subgeneric classification as well as species discrimination in Phlomoides. The most important diagnostic characters are as follows: the shape of transverse section, length of ventral and dorsiventral axis, number of median bundles in the petiole, number of cell layers of palisade and spongy parenchyma, type and thickness of collenchyma as well as trichome type. Based on the present study and in accordance with previous works, some large sections such as Eremostachys appears to be natural, while circumscription of sect. Filipendula should be revised.

Identification of vegetation and phytogeographical surveys in a certain region are useful approaches for establishment of pharmaceutical, edibility and other aspects of plants. Meanwhile, it can be used for measurement and assessment of present and prediction of future status of vegetation of the region. So, these studies have major effects on the management of improvement programs. This study aimed to assess vegetation Razhan access to inform and knowledge for proper management talents and potentials in the area in the years 2013 to 2014 were analyzed. Razhan region located in the city of Urmia, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The geographical location of the station was latitude of 44°, 46' and longitude of 37°, 56' at an altitude of 3215 m above mean sea level. This area was characterized by a mean temperature of 5.6◦C and an average precipitation of 459.2 mm per year, during the 10-year period, respectively. The study of chorology indicated that the most plants belonged to the Irano-Turanian. During this study, 91 plant species belonging to 73 genera and 21 families were collected and identified. The most important families were Poaceae with 21 species, Asteraceae with 16 species and Fabaceae with 9 species. The Poaceae with 14 genera, the Asteraceae with 12 genera and the Fabaceae with 9 genera were the greatest genera, respectively. Hemicryptophytes with 53 species (58 %), Therophytes with 15 species (17 %), Chamaephytes with 10 species (11 %), Cryptophytes with 7 species (8 %), Geophytes with 4 species (4 %), and Phanerophytes with 2 species (2 %) are the most important life forms of the reserve.