نشریه بحوث فی اللغه العربیه
سال یکم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، پاییز و زمستان 1389)

Mohammad Mahdi Al-Jawaheri is considered the last big neoclassical poet in the Arabic literature and his poetry can be considered as a connection between classical and new poetry. Although it was composed in the classical frame, his poetry prepared a field for making substantial changes in Arabic poetry. Meanwhile, the music of Jawaheri's poetry can nicely be the reminder of this gradual development. His verse can be musically viewed through three stages. In the first stage, the poet is completely the follower of classical style and all the technical properties of his odes are the reminder of the poetry of Abbasi era. But in the second stage, he gets some new experiences on the application of prosodic rhythms and tries to approach the music of his verse to the time needs and requirements. Finally, in the third stage, he steps on the innovation and creativity and tries to go along with the "free verse" flow. Although Jawaheri could not squash the classical and traditional frame of ode, he could prepare a field for change and conversion in the music and theme of Arabic verse. This paper has studied the stages of musical development of Jawaheri's poetry and the properties of each stage, as well as the most important musical elements in his poems.

Hafiz Ibrahim is one of the famous Egyptian poets who were influenced by Sami al-Baroodi and Ismail Saberi in his poetry and in his religious poems by Sheikh Mohammad Abdu's Thoughts. These effects are displayed in the fields of veil, charity, consultation, religious reform, Jihad, religious leniency and petition. According to Hafiz, the problem of society is people's lack of religious values. He encourages people to help the poor and praises charity. He asks Moslems and Christians not to highlight religious differences and be united. Hafiz Ibrahim in these poems is affected by Abdou's thoughts although his own ideas have had their own place.

Complaint refers to the poetic works in which the poet talks about the Vehemence of his/her painful feeling. It is the description of pains, personal and social problems and in a way is confiding whatever has annoyed his/her soul and body. Complaint can be categorized into social and personal ones. The personal complaints composed at the time of Islam were generally complaining about the Time, death, aging and separation from the beloved. This was due to the poet's shallow viewpoint on life and their nihilistic inclinations. These subjects were still present in first three centuries and were added by new subjects such as complaining about sensual desires. The general characteristic, style, structure and elements of meaning were simplicity in word and meaning, sincere and ample feeling, using many words with denotative meanings, utilizing maxims, proverbs and wise sayings, rhetorical statements, rich cadence (musical tones), as well as uniformity and simple imagination. Complaint is an independent poetic technique which as a result of the close relation to other sorts of poetic subjects is threaded through various sorts of elegy and sometimes is composed as an independent elegy.

Avicenna, the Iranian philosopher and sage, mostly famous for his Scientific works such as Law and The Shifa has done some studies in Arabic phonetics as well. Besides pointing to some physical aspects of sounds in the above mentioned books, he has also written a monograph in Arabic, Entitled the Reason Why Letters Came into Being, in which he has Presented some views quite new and innovative regarding his own Time. In this article, first a general introduction is presented regarding Modern phonetics. Then, Avicenna’s views regarding articulator phonetics and acoustic are presented.

In this article, the authors after an introduction of exemplification in therabic syntax generally try to have a comparative survey on the exemplification in explanations of two famous Ibn-e-Malek Alfiyya`s exegetes _ Ibn-e-Aqil and soyutyi _ with attention to fourfold instances: the Holy Koran, traditions, Arabs reliable speech, and traditional Arabic poetry. The Authors will introduce the method of their exemplification and exhibit the results of its numeration. Attempts are made to investigate exemplification in these two explanations while making a comparison with exemplification of other grammarians as well as identifying cases which the instances are being brought in them and the amount of each instances in explanations.

One of the four types of poetry in the literature world is didactic. The purpose of didactic poetry primarily is to teach points about the world and the hereafter. Didactic poetry has specific features that make it different from other types. This kind of poetry has a long history in most nations. However, some believe that didactic poetry lacks the essential features and beauties of poetry and thus is of no value. Although some kinds of didactic poetry lack the essential features, this is not true about all types. This papers has made an attempt to study the history and development of this kind of poetry in Arabic literature.

From the view point of Jibran Khalil Jibran, affection is the law of life and the base of all things in the world. Affection is one of the manifestations of God and it is a light extracted from other lights. Real affection is endless. The human being cannot learn affection because it is not an acquirable matter, but it must spring out of his heart. Furthermore, it is necessary to surrender to love and obey its commands. The love between the lover and beloved must be renewed every day to remove the dust of antiquity over it, and this will lead to its triumph in front of its foes. From Jibran's point of view, love has got different manifestations and symbols including love for life and world, humanitarianism, love for nature and human instinct, patriotism, and love between those who have fallen in love. The present paper makes an attempt to study Jibran's views on love and affection along with its different types.

Ibn Al-Amid is one of the most distinguished writers of the Arabic literature who is believed, even by his contemporary critics, to be at the top of his profession due to the unique characteristics of his writings. Besides being a writer, Ibn Al-Amid also had a taste in composing poems. His poems are collected dispersedly in Tazkareh (biographies of writers and poets).This article is aimed at investigating some conceptual themes in Ibn Al-Amid’s poetry and tries to answer the following questions: do his poems reflect the situational characteristics of his time? What are the themes of his poems? Is there any creation or innovation in his poetry? Has his authorship affected his poetry?