نشریه بحوث فی اللغه العربیه
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 6، بهار و تابستان 1391)

The literature insight of Mikhail Naima reveals human thoughts and all his necessities with a truthful expression. Morality, however, is a collection of principles supervising the life process and the man’s prosperity. There is a deep relation between literature and morality in Naima works originating from a single thought source and following common purposes like self logy and knowing the man’s consciences along with the purpose of his existence leading to knowing God and uniting with him. Literature and morality is not isolated in Naima works except in the title. He had a deep relation with general issues and he had stable stand to support the morality, manners, and above all, the freedom and respect to human rights. Naima literature is a clear mirror imaging perfectly his thought, emotions and desires and is a real reflection of society and what happens in it. Naima’s literature has a high duty in motivating the human conscience along with waking the human heart and developing the moral virtues. His literature is also an expression of the human soul spreading the virtues and reliance to the human values. His isolation from people and remaining single reveal his ambition in recognizing life and its Creator because he believed that marital life is an obstacle for reaching this goal. What is mentionable in this article is that Naima literature is moral and commits one to be loyal to its duty and illustrates a clear way of life for those who have been lost in the ignorance and doubt of dark nesses. It’s a human literature aiming at the human heart, describing it, arguing its faces and starting the speech on friendship and kindness, greatness and magnificence, eminence and humility, kindness and crudeness, judge and favor, weakness and strength, ache and pleasure, and sorrow and happiness. Naima has devoted his entire attempt to human prosperity and his freedom and revival of thought and heart. So, when we talk about Naima literature, we really reveal the human virtues along with various thoughts surrounding the human life.

Al-Mutanabbi is one of the most salient Arab poets as well as one of the most effective of them in Arabian literature. He has composed many poems in different kinds as madh (eulogy), ratha (elegy), fakhr (glory) and etc., but fakhr dominates his poetry such a way that the reader is able to find its trace in all of his qaside (ballade), either that qaside isabout fakhr or heja or ratha, but fakhr is specific to his poetry unlike other poets'. The poet, despite his much devotion to fakhr, does not praise his nation and he does not abandon praising himself even at the time of praising the eulogists. Therefore, it is hypothesized in this study that Al-Mutanabbi is afflicted with too much self-infatuation and pride, or as psychologists call it, he suffers from narcissism. Early in this study, the term narcissism is investigated lexically, and then, the concept is elucidated from the psychologists’ view points. The symptoms of the narcissist people are also counted. Then, the study mentions some of the Al-Mutanabbi’s poems which indicate narcissism, and as evidence in this regard, the writer compares the lexical signs with the behaviors the poet has demonstrated in his life which confirm his narcissist personality. In addition, through investigating Al-Mutanabbi's life and the environment where he had grown up in and his gifted talents, the cause of narcissism in his personality is explained. Finally, the writer concludes that there are signs of narcissism in the Al-Mutanabbi's personality which have revealed themselves through megalomania, diminution of people, ignoring his ancestors for glory, exaggerating difficulties, over-boasting, and an unfaithfulness to the adored

Stylistics as a modern method explores Linguistic and Stylistic Phenomena since form or content by itself is not sufficient to attain the gist of the text. In Stylistics, the quality of the connection of the two and their effect on leading to understand are worked on. Finally, modes of aesthetics and the most important Stylistic characteristics are considered. Quran’s explanations wonderfully fascinate humans thought and emotion and its beauty is manifested in Quran’s eloquent discourse and its profound discourse. Al-Rahman surah is one of the most beautiful surahs of Quran which describes a lot of God’s blessings. The present study is going to explore Al-Rahman surah stylistically using descriptive-analytic method in four levels of phonetic, syntactic, lexical, and semantic. This study is going to answer some questions as what is the most obvious stylistic characteristic of Al-Rahman surah, and what is the effect of word selection on communicating meaning. Rhyming and abundance of Leen and Mad letters are of the most obvious characteristics of Al-Rahman surah that have strong effect on the rhyme of surah. In addition, repetition is another phenomenon which adds to the effect & emphasis on the meaning. Also, in this study in order to attain the eloquence purposes of the writer, we consider the quality of distributing Esmie and Felie sentences and past, present, passive and active verbs. Key words:

A mixture of political views and resistance literature is so visible in the poems of some contemporary Arab poets that they are known as resistance poets. Mozafar Al Nawwab, the contemporary Iraqi poet, is one of them. Nawwab grew up in a noble and gentle Shia family in Iraq. From his family, he inherited an interest in literature and music and also political views to resist tyranny and colonialism. Also, he was influenced by revolutionary Shia beliefs which are based on Imam Ali’s views and the devotions of Imam Hussein. In his youth, he became a follower of Communism because he found Communism close to his ideals at that time. Therefore, his poem corresponded with his aims and ideals to reach equality and freedom and to end oppression. Nawwab was jailed and tortured several times and was forced to emigrate from Iraq to different countries. The language of Nawwab’s poems is colloquial and fluent, but after the defeat of Arab countries by Israel and the occupation of Palestine, his poems were influenced by revolutionary views and resistance literature. This influence was to such an extent that he was called Palestine poet. Nawwab sharply criticizes Arab leaders and governments- especially Gulf countries – for their failure to deal with Palestine occupation and the disorders in Arab countries. Such criticisms led to his works being banned in these countries. On the other hand, his poems are full of admiration and praise for revolutionaries, devotees, and martyrs. He calls for following martyrs and resisting enemies to reach freedom and equality. He calls for defeating the occupiers and resisting colonial powers. In this study, we intend to examine the manifestations of resistance literature.

The story consists of elements such as character and time and the story features. Characters make story’s structure and there is not story without character. Time element is also necessary for the story. Each story has a beginning and an ending. The present paper studies the story of Mousa and al-Khezr’s elements based on character and time. First, the story is studied through the viewpoint of the Quran, then; the characters of the story are introduced based on contemporary fiction theories. This paper studies the relationship between story characters and destination of them. Therefore, time element is studied based on words and Verse’s expressive style. It also intends to present the application of time and its signification in the story.

Khuzestan Arabic poetry in contemporary age has continued its progress and dehiscence. In spite of following old poetry, it shows the changes and renewal in the form and poetical objects and style. This poetry has been influenced by contemporary Arabic poetry and its poets followed great Arabic poets such as Mahmood Sami al-Barodi and Ahmad Shoqi. They have composed the poems while frequently comparing them with particulars of literary schools like classicism, romanticism, symbolism and realism and realism. We can see manifestations of this change and renewal by young poets as Abd al-aziz Hemadi, Foad Ashore, Hosin Torfi, etc. They could enrich their poetry by two old and new cultural heritages.

Children are mirrors of the society. So, attention must be paid to them and their literature to instil educational values to them in the form of beautiful pictures of the literature. The stories are the best way to reach what is expected from children in their manner and personality. This article is an attempt to concentrate on the educational values in children's stories, represented in Kamel Al-Keilani's stories. This article, after an introduction to the educational goals of children's literature, and the desired educational values in the children's stories, has analyzed the role of educational values in Kamel Al-Keilani's stories based on the descriptive and analytical meted. Finally, the article finds that Keilani cares for educational values in his woks. He cares above all, the religious and spiritual values and moralities in his stories.