مجله پژوهش های علوم شناختی و رفتاری
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 7، پاییز و زمستان 1393)

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the structural model of relations of job stress and psycho-social needs with total performance (deviant behaviors, organizational citizenship behaviors, task performance, intention to turnover, and creativity) of employees. The research populations were the employees of a company related to petroleum ministry in Bandarabas City, from among which 187 employees were randomly selected. Research instruments consisted of: needs questionnaire (Yamaguchi, 2003), job stress, intention to quit and task performance questionnaires (Babakas & etal, 2009), deviant behaviors questionnaire (Bennett and Robinson, 2000), creativity questionnaire (Tierney & etal, 1999), and organizational citizenship behaviors questionnaire (Bukhari and Ali, 2009). Data were analyzed with the use of structural equation modeling. Results revealed that there were significant relationships between job stress and psycho-social needs and between psycho-social needs and total performance (p<.05). Also results showed that effects of job stress on total performance are mediated indirectly by psycho-social needs. Mediation analysis supports the mediating role of psycho-social needs in the relation between job stress and total performance. The results of current research revealed that psycho-social needs could be mediate the behavioral tendencies related to job stress.

Acceptance and commitment therapy is a third generation chronic pain therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on catastrophic and disabling pain in chronic pelvic pain in females. This investigation is a randomized clinical trial. Twenty-two (n=22) chronic pelvic pain female patients were selected on the basis of clinical interview in Alzahra and Isfahan Noor Hospitals and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Acceptance and commitment group therapy was administered to the experimental group in eight 90-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any therapy. Pre-test, post-test and a two months follow-up scores on catastrophic and disabling pain questionnaires were administered to the two groups The result of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy had a significant effect of catastrophic and disabling pain in chronic pelvic pain in female patients in the experimental group as compared to the control group (p<0/05). The difference in the two-month follow-up period remained stable.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of academic skills group training on achievement motivation and self-efficacy of students. Research method was experimental with pretest - posttest design and control group. The population consisted of first grade high school boys of Khomeinishahr town in 90-91 academic years. By using multiple stage cluster sampling method, one region and one high school from that region, was randomly selected. After conducting Sherer self-efficacy and Hermanse achievement motivation as pre-tests, on first grade high school boys, 20 students were selected randomly and placed in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received academic skills training through 8 sessions of 90 minutes, whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. After finishing training sessions, then posttest were conducted on both groups. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that academic skills group training significantly increased achievement motivation and self efficacy of the experimental group as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that academic skills group training will improve student's self-efficacy and achievement motivation.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of workplace incivility experienc and organizational justice with instigated workplace incivility with regard to the mediation role of negative affect and moderator role of neuroticism. The statistical population was 411 employees from a service organization. Out of 411, 198 employees were selected by simple random sampling as Sampeles. The instruments consisted of Experienced Workplace Incivility Scale (Cortina, etal, 2001), Organizational Justice Questionnaire (Colquitt, 2001), Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) (Van Katwyk, etal, 2000), Instigated Workplace Incivility Scale (Blau & Andersson, 2005) and NEO Personality Inventory (McCrae & Costa, 1985). For data analysis, mediation analysis in Preacher and Hayes (2008) SPSS Macro program and moderation analysis in Hayes and Mattes (2009) program was used. Result indicated that experienced workplace incivility, interpersonal justice, informational justice, neuroticism and negative affect were correlated with instigated workplace incivility (P<0.01). Furthermore negative affect mediated the relation between interactional justice and instigated incivility (P<0.05). The results showed victims of incivility retaliate this behavior with instigated incivility and neuroticism moderated this relationship. In the other hands, the relationship between experienced incivility and instigated incivility were stronger for individuals high in neuroticism than individuals low in neuroticism (P<0.01).

The purpose of this study was to compare selective attention deficit in elderly Alzheimer patients and healthy elderly individuals using the dual task. Therefore, 23 subjects (11 females and 12 males) age 62 to 81 years; 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 10 healthy elderly subjects (EHI) with normal cognitive function participated in this study. people with Alzheimer's disease. healthy people was selected through some neurologist identified Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). After obtaining the average number of correct counting of months of the year in both simple and difficult cognitive task the overall error (E) or Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and variable error (VE) were calculated for the tracking task. Then each person performed 10 tasks simultaneously (under Dual-task) in both simple and difficult mode. Analysis of variance in cognitive tasks showed that there was a significant interaction between task difficulty and risk of AD (p< 0.05). In other words, drop in the average number of months counted from AD patients than in healthy elderly (EHI) was observed only in the difficult task (countdown months), indicating the mechanisms of memory loss in these patients. Also ANOVA results showed that level of difficulty on accuracy drop and consistency the tracking task at dual-task conditions was significant (p< 0.05), but AD disease effect not significant(p>0.05). In other words, at dual conditions of tracking task, accuracy and consistency of both groups was equally reduced, which was most prominent in difficult conditions. This decrease indicates increased interference at response level due to defects in the mechanisms of selective attention in dual cognitive and tracking tasks and both groups.

This study has been conducted with the purpose of comparing dimensions of Psychological well-being of mothers of mentally handicapped, gifted and normal children. The statistical populations was all mothers of mentally handicapped, gifted, and normal children in the 90-91 academic year in the city of Isfahan. The sample consisted of 90 mothers: 30 mothers of mentally handicapped children, 30 mothers of gifted children and 30 mothers of normal children. In order to gather data the Raven Intelligence Test and questionnaire of Psychological well-being of Ryff were used. The results of analysis of variance indicated there were significant differences between the three groups of mothers (P≤0/05). The mean of the gifted mothers was higher than the other two groups. With regard to dimensions of Psychological well-being of mothers of gifted children and mothers of normal children there were no significant differences. In addition Psychological well-being of mothers of normal children was higher than mothers of mentally handicapped children.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Quality Of Life Therapy (QOLT) on anxiety and stress of female high-school students in Dehaghan. The study was a semi-experimental study with experimental-control groups and a follow-up (45 days). From among 150 respondents who answered the items of anxiety and depression questionnaires, 48 respondents who received the highest scores were selected and assigned into two groups (each group included 24 subjects). Then these subjects in each group were divided into two 12 subjects experimental and control groups and 8 sessions of quality of life therapy interventions was administered to experimental groups. The results of analysis of covariance showed that quality of life therapy had significantly decreased the degree of anxiety and depression in experimental groups as compared to the control groups in posttest and follow-up stage. (p<0.0005).

Early maladaptive schema is assumed to be a disrupting factor for quality of life. Yet, the mechanism of this vulnerability is not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic of emotional intelligence and coping strategy with stress as a mediator between early maladaptive defectiveness/ shame and mental quality of life. Participants were 245 men and women in Isfahan who were selected as the sample by availability sampling method. They completed the Petrides and Furnham's Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), Coping Inventory for stressful situation (CISS) and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF). Data was analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results indicated that the suggested model of study needs modification and only emotional intelligence was the mediator. Standard path coefficient of defectiveness/shame schema to emotional intelligence was -0.55 and emotional intelligence to problem focused coping, emotion focused coping and mental quality of life were 0.49, -0.59 and 0.78 (p<0.05). Based on results, emotional intelligence training can improve mental quality of life and coping strategies in people who have early defectiveness/shame maladaptive schema.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of existential group psychotherapy on students` mental health. The study method was quasi-experimental, carried out through pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research population were students of Tarbiyat Moallem University of Tehran the samples were 20 these students which selected through voluntary sampling method and were randomly assigned to control (10 subjects) and experimental (10 subjects) groups. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 28) was used for data collection. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83. The experimental group participated in 10 group therapy sessions while the control group received no treatment. Results of analysis of covariance showed that existential group psychotherapy positively affected student’s mental health in all four dimensions of general health: somatization, anxiety and sleep, social performance and depression (p<.05). Therefore, it seems this group therapy method is useful for increasing student’s mental health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of social skills training by multimedia instructional method on social skills development of second grade female deaf students in middle schools in city of Tehran. The statistical population included all of the female deaf students from Nimroz School. Then 38 students randomly selected from these students as samples. 19 students were assigned in experimental group and 19 as control group. Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (Matson, et al, 1983) was uesd to measure social skills. Multimedia instruction was conducted for the experimental group in eight sessions (60- minutes each) in a period of one month, twice a week. Both groups were reassessed at the end of the instruction. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that multimedia instruction was significantly effective in all the components of social skills development (p<0/001). The possible explanation for the increasing student's social skills components might be due to participation of the experimental group in the social skills training program. Therefore, in line with results from other studies, findings of this study demonstrate the prominent role of multimedia instruction in social skills development in deaf second grade female students.

General health of students is an important issue in psycho-social studies, which has a close relation to optimistic and pessimistic attribution styles of Seligmann (1979). The aim of present study was to compare general health and attribution style in female and male freshmen and senior students in Islamic Azad University. The type of research has been a causal comparison. The sample of this study included 288 B.A. and B.S. students in Sari branch of Islamic Azad University (120 females and 168 males). The students were randomly selected through cluster sampling. They completed questionnaires GHQ-28 and ASQ questionnaires. The results of this study, using SPSS-18, showed that there was a negative correlation between depression symptoms, and somatic symptoms with the sense of self-control (P<0/0001). Also there was a positive correlation between the aspects of stability, non stability, anxiety, sleep disorder, and depression symptoms (P<0/031). There was a positive correlation between the social function and generic-specific aspect (P<0/016). Compared to freshman students, senior students attribute their successes and their failures in a more generalized form (P<0/003) and a more unstable way (P<0/016). The study also showed that there is no significant difference between the senior and freshmen stuednts in their general health scales (P<0/05). Students of different fields of engineering were different in generic-specific aspects with the other students (P<0/0001). There was no significant relation among different fields of study concerning their general health (P<0/05). No significant relation was found between gender and attributive styles (P<0/05). Females in different aspect of somatic symptoms (P<0/0001), anxiety, and sleep disorders gained higher scores (P<0/013).

The purpose of present study was to standardize and study of psychometric properties of Latency Attachment Scale340 students age 7 to 12 year were randomly selected as samples of the study from city of Isfahan. The parents answered the items of latency Attachment Scale. Using kronbach alpha, the reliability of each desirable factors obtained. (83,. 8,. 77, and. 58 respectively). The validity of the questionnaire was verified using discriminant validity and face validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 4 distinct factors in the structure of the scale. The 90th percentile points were selected for the factors: 56, 72, 73, and 49 respectively. It was concluded that the results of validity and reliability analysis of Latency Attachment Scale shows that this instrument is reliable and valid and is capable to be used to investigate attachment disorder.

The purpose of present study was to determine the effectiveness of Rational- Emotional- Behavior therapy (REBT) on irrational attitudes about Spouse Selection in girls and boys. Therefore, 32 girls and boys in city of Bandar Abbas were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups with 16 girls and boys in each group. The experimental group received 8 sessions in each week. Attitudes about Mate Selection Scale (ARMSS) were used as the pretest and post-test. Results of analysis of covariate showed that the mean scores of irrational attitudes about romance and mate selection in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group in the post test (p= 0/001). Also, mean scores of subscales of irrational attitudes about romance and mate selection (believe love, pivotal experience, idealization, opposite seeking, easy getting and optimistic view) in experimental group was significantly lower than control group in the post test.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the validity and reliability of the original and extension scales (Activities form: section beliefs about skills) of Individual Spherical Inventory (PGI) in khorramabad students. Therefore 300 high school students (150 males and 150 females) were randomlysekected and were asked to complete the Individual Spherica Inventory and Betz Beliefs about Skills Inventory. The results showed that the distribution of the histograms were visually normal with regard to the following scales: basic scale (social services, data processing, worker, mechanic), High Prestige (social sciences, business systems, financial analysis), lower Prestige scales (quality control, manual labor), the six scales (Realistic, Investigative, Artistic), the four scales (Things and Data) and the three scales (scale of people / things). High reliability was observed for all scales of the Individual Spherical Inventory according to Cronbach's alpha. Most scales had acceptable validity. There were significant correlations between the scalesand Betz beliefs; (artistic, social services r=. 5; p=. 001), (scale nature, Investigative r=. 71, p=.001) (helping, artistic r=.67,p=. 001), (helping with social r=. 63, p=. 001), (scale influence with artistic r=. 69, p=. 001), (scale realistic with sciences r=.71, p=. 05) and (financial analysis with conventional r=. 6, p=. 001).