نشریه زبان پژوهی
پیاپی 22 (بهار 1396)

This research focuses mainly on how foregrounding and backgrounding function in the foreign policy discourse of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi between the years 1320-1356. In this way, "otherization" as well as "self" and "other" identities have been specified. In this research, "self" and "other" identities as well as their general criteria are determined according to systemic-functional linguistic theory via lexical analysis. The corpus examined includes all the texts of Shah regarding the foreign policy between the years 1320-1356. These texts are incorporated in an eleven-volume book titled A collection of compilations, speeches, messages,interviews and remarks of his imperial majesty Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, shahanshah and aryamehra of Iran. This research shows that polarity of identities in Mohammad Reza's discourse is not binary; rather it is a continuum including middle poles as well. "Self" and "other" poles are formed into the general discourse framework according to the shared ideological features. United Nation, United States of America and world nations are stable poles of "self" while Mohammad Mossaddeq, Jamal Abdul Nasser, communism, Tudeh Party and colonialism (without referring to any specific country) are stable poles of "other". The Soviet Union and Israel are also middle poles of this continuum. The results reveal that selection and activation of the words are in such a way that positive points of the "self" and negative points of the "other" are emphasized, whereas negative points of the "self" and positive points of the "other" are de-emphasized.

This research, based on politeness theory, describes and analyzes 5 common words and expressions of politeness used in Persian. The data has been collected out of observing and taking notes of some speakers’real conversations in such different natural situations as streets, shopping centers, universities, parties, etc. Words and expressions of politeness have different meanings in different contexts. The results show that Persian speakers not only use politeness speech for mitigating face threatening act (FTA) but also use it for the maintenance and enhancement of addressees’ face and honor. This can lead us to one of the limitations of Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory which describes politeness by mitigating FTA. The results also show that the major underlying strategy of words and expressions of politeness is “negative politeness” strategy. It might be worth mentioning that these words and expressions are used by speakers mostly in formal or approximately formal contexts.

Dysprosody is a disorder of speech production in which the aphasic patients are not able to apply the prosodic cues correctly. Prosody also is an essential cue for the understanding of spoken language. The present study aimed at investigating comprehension of intonation contours in Persian Broca’s Aphasics. The subjects of this experimental study included three Farsi-speaking males. They were selected by simple purposive sampling method from patients directed to the speech therapy unit in the Ghaem Educational, Research and Treatment Centre (Mashhad, Iran). They were classified as Broca’s aphasics according to the Farsi Aphasia Test, their CT scan and MRI reports. The ability of Broca’s aphasics to comprehend intonation contours was assessed via Persian adaptation of Comprehension Test of Intonation Contours in Aphasia. The data were analyzed by Paired and Independent-samples T-Test. The comparison of the mean number of errors within each group (broca’s aphasic patients: p = 0/002; control group: p = 0/001) indicated that there were significant differences between the mean. On the other hand, there were significant differences between mean numbers of correct responses in two groups (p

Sociolinguists consider language variation as one of the inherent characteristics of languages. They believe that social factors including gender, social class, education, age and ethnicity are playing a fundamental role in creating and distributing language variation. In this research, the effects of social class, education and gender on frequency and distribution of syntactic variation in every day and scientific colloquial discourse of Persian are investigated. Men used scrambling, cleft construction and focus adverbs more than women in every day colloquial discourse and contrarily, women used scrambling and cleft construction more than men in scientific colloquial discourse. Upper social class people used scrambling more than middle and low classes and low class people used cleft construction and focus adverbs more than other social classes in every day colloquial discourse. In scientific discourse, high social class used scrambling more than other social classes. M.A and B.A educated people used scrambling more than diploma educated people in every day colloquial discourse and diploma educated people used cleft construction more than other educated people. Also, M.A educated people used scrambling more than other educated people in scientific colloquial discourse.

This paper is concerned with the study of locative predicates in Persian within the Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) framework and two different analyses presented by Van Valin and LaPolla (1997) and also Boutin (2004). Providing a semantically based classification of mentioned predicates in Persian is one of the aims of this study. The other aim is testing the efficiency of the two analyses especially Boutin’s suggestion about locative predicates in Persian. Boutin (2004) argues there is discrepancy between semantic and syntactic valency of locative predicates within the RRG framework. Since, they have a semantic valency of two and a syntactic valency of one in a large number of languages. Hence, these predicates have been treated as exceptions in terms of valency correlation. He believes if the location (one of the arguments of locative predicates) is treated as a separate predicate, rather than referring expression, therefore these verbs are intransitive and not exceptions in terms of valency correlation. The findings of the present study revealed Boutin’s suggestion (2004) holds true in Persian locative states, achievements, accomplishments and active accomplishments but not activities.

Stylistically closely associated with the word in the text and the link between language and literature as the backbone of the body, and there is no doubt that literature plays an important role in the structure of Arabic language. the Researchers effort to research statistical methodologies, As far as can be confirmed using differentstyles and distinguish it from other styles in the any texts. In this article, we examples of dissertations leaflet Tavabe and Zavab Ibn Shohid, and leaflet Ghofran Mary, Based on the hypothesis Buzyman. Survey methodology based on the theory Buzyman, is quantitative. Both the style of the author's in the leaflet,has literary style. The main factor leading to increased proportion Verbs than adjectives, The excessive poetry and prose, literary in the leaflet. It is similar to verbal. And a holder dictionary and Expression Status society, and Emotions. That workers in the people spirit. This article is so study style of two leaflet, Tavabe and Zavab, and Ghofran, Based on the hypothesis Buzyman.

In psycholinguistic studies, with regard to cognitive models, conceptual preparation, lexical concepts, lemmas, morphemes, phonological words and phonetic patterns have been proposed as different levels of lexical processing. Concerning previous studies, some theories have suggested the sequencing and the simultaneity of the processing modules; however, the contribution of each specific processing level has not been determined. In this study, with the participation of eighty six BA students of English Literature, picture naming task as a cognitive measure was used to determine the differences in contribution of lexical processing levels in L2 noun and verb processing. According to this research, in L2, noun processing is mostly under the influence of conceptualization stage and verb processing is mostly under the influence of formulation stage. Therefore, it can be concluded that in language teaching emphasizing the visual codes of concrete nouns and the morphological features of verbs specifically facilitate learning. Moreover, with respect to the findings of this research, it can be proposed that nouns have longer retention in comparison with verbs; however, verbs are more subject to incidental learning.