نشریه زبان پژوهی
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1395)

This paper makes an effort to explain the significance of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in translation to show how CDA can be used to indicate the ideological deviation during a translation process. Based on some possible reasons behind translation distortion that occurs when language is transferred from source text (ST) to target text (TT), it attempts to elucidate the relation of discourse and social structures. In this regard, after defining the key concepts, it goes forward to explain some of the privileges of CDA over the other discourse analyses (structuralism & functionalism). Since power and ideology can be regarded as common concepts in translation and CDA, they have been elaborated. Having introduced some prominent Critical Discourse Analysts, it draws upon Van Dijk and Huckin Theory to show the cultural and ideological transmission in the process of the literary translationof The Old Man and the Sea. Finally based on the above-mentioned framework, it concludes that CDA can help both analysts and translators understand social and cultural problems during the process of translation, so it is indispensable for interpreting, describing, and analyzing, social and cultural changes in a text. This analysis in the process of the mentioned translation allows writers to conclude that the translator has tried to convey the dominant ideology, by adopting domestication, ideological naturalization, and idiomatic translation.

This study intends to investigate the geographical distribution of some vowel forms of Kuhbanani dialect spoken in Kuhbanan and Khoramdasht regions in Kerman Province and to draw the linguistic atlases based on the differences of Kuhbanani dialect in these two regions. In this regard, the geographical distribution of some Middle Persian linguistic forms observed in Kuhbanani dialect in the regions under investigation is also shown. In order to determine the guide linguistic forms in thirty places in Kuhbanan and Khoramdasht regions, the free speech was provided from one or two uneducated upper fifty five (55) year old men and women speakers and also to determine the main forms, the free speech recording and interview were carried out. Afterwards, based on the forms identified, questionnaires in the form of lexical lists have been prepared and carried out in all the thirty places under study. Finally, based on the phonological data collected, the differences and similarities observed in the distribution of the relevant linguistic forms as well as some remnants of Middle Persian ones in Kuhbanani dialect have been shown through isoglosses on linguistic atlases. To this aim, GIS software has been used to specify the exact area of each linguistic form and to draw the linguistic Atlases and isoglosses. The research findings show that Kuhbanani dialect spoken in the regions under investigation has distinctive features which we can refer to processes such as vowel lengthening, retention of some Middle Persian vowels undertaking changes in Standard Persian. Similarly, vowel raising, vowel lowering, vowel fronting, vowel backing, monophthongization of diphthong vowels and diphthongization of monophthong vowels can be observed as well. The investigation of vowel forms and linguistic atlases indicate that linguistic items are extensively used in a similar way in these two regions; however, because of some differences in the linguistic behavior of Kuhbanan and Khoramdasht regions, the findings suggest two different accents, the reason of which is that Khoramdasht borders Yazd province and the Khoramdashti speakers in this region use the majority of linguistic items more similar to Yazdi dialect.

In this article, the three semantic dimensions of modal force, modal base and ordering source are investigated in Persian modal adjectives and it is shown that the three modal forces of necessity (as in qatʔi ‘certain’), possibility (as in momken ‘possible’) and good possibility (as in ʔehtemâli ‘probable’) have been lexicalized in Persian modal adjectives while weak necessity, slight possibility and better possibility have not been lexicalized in these adjectives. The epistemic and circumstantial modal bases have also been lexicalized in Persian modal adjectives (as in ʔehtemâli ‘probable’ and qâbel-e-ʔeʔtemâd ‘reliable’, respectively) other than momken ‘possible’, in whose lexical entry modal base is unspecified and whose syntactic position determines its epistemic or non-epistemic interpretation. Among stereotypical, hearsay, doxastic, deontic, teleological and bouletic ordering sources, none has been lexicalized in Persian modal adjectives and they are determined by the context.

One of the common phonological processes in the sound system of Kalhori Kurdish is lenition process. This process occurs in Kalhori Kurdish when the peak margin constraint is not observed in the final consonant clusters of the syllable. In this study it will be shown that constraint of observing sonority sequence in consonant clusters cannot be a motivation for the lenition process in the final consonant clusters of a syllable in Kalhori Kurdish and this motivation should be regarded as peak margin constraint. It will also be argued that prioritizing the peak margin constraint in this dialect will cause the lenition process to be considered a more optimal process than deletion and insertion processes despite the fact that the process of sonority sequence is not satisfied.

One major feature of English scientific language is grammatical metaphor (GM) which helps promote the conciseness and preciseness of the texts. The present study aimed to investigate if Iranian writers of medical research articles (RAs) have employed the types of ideational GM appropriately and adequately. Therefore, the ideational GM types used in three information units (including Stating a specific outcome, Interpreting the outcome, and Contrasting present and previous outcome) of the Discussion Sections of two groups of randomly selected Iranian as well as British and American RAs (32 articles each), published between January 2008 to February 2009 in the journals of ISI web of science, have been compared/contrasted. The differences between the two groups’ uses of all the GMs were calculated using Independent t-tests. The results showed that although Iranian articles were shown to employ significantly (p