نشریه تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
پیش شماره 2 (تابستان 1388)

America's national missile denfence is subject to technological capacities and manpower potentials of this country. The security crises can be accounted as a complement to the technological means if the international system is in a chaotic status. The investigation of America's strategic behavior based on technological components in strategic denfence domain is the major focus of this study. The concept of National Missile Defence was proposed for the first time in early s. President Ronald Regan believed in absolute restraining policy towards the USSR which provided the instruments and technology needed for confronting its strategic threats against Europe, USA, and the Western World. This approach paved the way for the development of Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI). George Schultz, America's foreign minister during, was one of the prominent pioneering features regarding this strategy. America's defence program was generated in the s when the conservative parties, gradually, consolidated their position within the American power structure and the chance for reconstruction and restitution of cold-war defence plans was created. These people believed that the military power is among those instruments that can not be disregarded in international politics. This power-centered approach affected the America's strategic perception and attitude one more time.This study emphasizes the role of conservative strategists, on the one hand, who have adjusted their denfence programs in line with international threats, and on the other hand, have expressed their pessimistic views towards Iran and regarded this country as a factor of instability in the domain of international politics. In this way, US denfence program became two-edged that stood against strategic and security targets of Iran and also played an inhibiting role against Russia's further power-seeking efforts. In this situation, the theme of missile defence was reconsidered in the America's strategic planner's agenda. The new title was National Missile Defence which represents that US strategic goals remained fixed but its addressees changed.

On December, , Zionist regime's assault on Gaze strip was launched. It lasted days,over Palestinians were injured or martyred.The objective of the article at hand is to observe the intents and aftermaths of the -day assault on Gaze, and secondly to observe the domestic, regional, and international impacts and consequences of this war.Possible hypotheses in the filed are: The hypothesis concerning the intents Obliteration of Hamas and occupation of Gaze is one of the major aims of the Zionist Regime in the -day war on Gaze. The hypothesis concerning the aftermathsThe -day assault demonstrated the Zionist regime's impotence in oppressing Palestine's resistance and led to world-wide recognition of Palestinians as the innocent and summoned public opinion against the Zionist regime. The approach to this paper is descriptive-analytical, that is, we first refer to different aspects of the -day war through a descriptive approach and what follows is an analytical survey over the intents and aftermaths of the war. What is concluded in this research overall covers the fact that Palestinian Islamic resistance proved the potency to stand firm against the Zionist regime throughout days of assault and siege by water and land, where on the other hand, the Zionist regime couldnt accomplish any of their planned targets in the war on Gaze, and that is truly Palestinian's greatest achievement. Thus, what went on at Gaza strip is to be identified as an honorable historical victory for Palestinian Islamic resistance.

It was when kings and caliphs rose from opposing local groups- as the major power based of the time- that religion tended to be applied in justification to politics. Urged on by this trend, Muslim thinkers inclined to reconsider the issue from an attentive point of view. Unlike other theorists who followed their idealistic views, Ghazalis, as a political theorist, tried to come up with a new idea to apply religion in politics. The political changes of the time and formation of an Iranian- based political system (Seljuk) which was governed independently of the Islamic government (Abbasi) required a legitimate, acceptable structure apart from previous institutionalized doctrines within the framework of Islamic government. This was clearly beyond the scope of some clergymen's capabilities due to their prior engagement in countless denominational competitions on the one hand and overcoming the sheer interpretation of religion rooted in imitative from on the other hand. As a scholar and rule-governed and systematic thinking structure, Ghazali introduces 'salivation' as the ultimate goal for creation and theorizes his ideas toward human salivation and combines the Politicals of his political thought with social realities and the structure of political power to establish a new from of government and he also based his political thoughtidea on the analysis kingdship and power and its legitimacy based on religion. According to the critical analysis of Ghazali's political idea, he does not seek politicizing the religion rather he seeks 'religionizing' the politics. Because when the religion is politicized, it will be abused by politicians to stabilize their own position. But when religion rules the politics, it is as if the divine spirit of religion revives the politics and makes it more humanistic.

The competition between China and USA is one of the most significant issues surrounding the studies in international polities. The results of this study have revealed that, there are two underlying reasons resulting in competition between China and USA.The first group refers to fundamental differences in philosophical nature and values of china and USA including: philosophical differences, ideological differences, having different contemporary histories, world power against regional power, seeking reconsideration compared to keeping the current situation, developed economy against developing one, and domination of law against that of autocratic my govermant.The second group is related to issues in policy and security between the two countries, such as agreements on weapon control and Non- proliferation US national defence policy and missile defence program in Eastern Asia and Taiwan. Here, the power- cycle theory has been applied in order to create a precise explanation of the causes of such competitions.

In recent years, China's economic growth has been induced to label this country as a great economic country in all over the world and enhance the individual income of people dramatically. But the problem which menaces the prospect of China and its economic achievements is the drastic gap caused by the rate of development between Eastern and western regions. Indeed, China suffers from incongruous development in its provinces. This issue will jeopardize territorial integrity and domestic stability of China. This article tends to consider China's attempts toward transferring centeral Asia energy resources to its western regions targeting constant development and enhancing economic welfare in those areas. In addition, since China is bordered by countries on the west as well as having considerable population of Turkish Moslems in Sin Kiang, she is highly at risk of separatist clashes and neglecting the development of this province, would create serious problems for China's pivotal government. The main discussions are concentrated around oil pipeline from Khazaghestan to China which is considered as one of the great investments of China in central Asia. The fundamental question is that to what extent this oil pipeline will influence the development of west China significantly.In this article, we aim to test the hypothesis which states that the transfer of Khazaghestan energy to west of China has positive and constructive impact on the realization of Chinese government goals in underdeveloped parts of this country.

Throughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debated and controversial issues in our hectic era. Science and technology have triumphed over all different aspects of mankind. Consequently the major principles of spirituality and morality are greatly influenced by mundane, terrestrial upheavals. Technology and Modernity which is highly known as communication and information epoch had eliminated political borders and consequestly it had exposed all nations, peoples and countries, to a sort of cultural attack which can lead to culture trauma, the offspring can be viewed as a crisis as well as a change in decriminalizing legalizing politics in the century. The notion of "criticism" is a metaphor for pathology which aims at criticizing the modernity, known as a phenomenon devoid of moralities. This concept sides up with a guide for human's action The ultimate goal is to restore, resurrect its actual benefits and views. Scholars like "Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Habermas, Hana Ahrenet Eric From" are well known founders of the Theory in the th century. They made an attempt to criticize positivist human Sciences.The aim of this essay is to study the role of morality and polities and their relationship from the point of view of the critical theory. It also criticizes modernity, a phenomenon that has emerged as a cosequence of scientific transformations. In this research, the co-relational method in used. The major question asked is about the relationship between morality and polities from the point of view of the critical theory. In general, it is concluded that there is consensus among theorists of critical theory concerning the interaction between morality and polities, believing that brutalities and disasters are direct consequences of separation of morality and politics. In the view of critical theorists, it seems that modernism on the one hand, has brought alout development and prosperity, but on the other hand has considered instrumental rationality as the source of most misfortunes causing distraction of morality and constraining individual freedom in politics.

In the th century, the era of modern colonialism, the industrial colonial countrie's policy for earning the national wealth and resources of developing countries was based on changing their economy into a monocultural one by the use of political, economical and military techniques and, if needed, controlling these countries through economic forces and wresting their resources in order to have unceasing access to raw material and appropriate fuel for their country.In Iran, oil has had such a role in the economy for years. The historical evidences of Iran's economy is an indicator of Iranian policy makers will for making a change in the field of oil in order to make socio-economic developments in the past and the present. That Iran's economy suffers from the Dutch disease is the direct result of earning and spending oil incomes. Changing the stance towards oil, from income–based to capital–based can be the initiation of turning losses to profits in anoil economy.