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Occupational and Environmental Medicine - Volume:8 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
Volume:8 Issue: 4, Oct 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/07/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Fatemeh Farzaneh, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar, Mohammad Hassan Lotfi Page 191
    Background
    Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract, with known occupational causes. The most effective way to prevent occupational cancers of the urinary tract is to prevent exposure to known carcinogens.
    Objective
    To examine the relationship between occupation and the risk of bladder cancer.
    Methods
    This case-control study was performed on 200 patients with bladder cancer and 200 healthy individuals in Yazd. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and based on interviews with patients and controls.
    Results
    The mean age of cases and controls were 61.5 (SD 13.6) and 61.5 (13.3) years, respectively. Level of education, type of occupation, family history of bladder cancer in the first-degree relatives, and history of chronic and recurrent urinary tract infection, kidney and bladder stones, and using hair dye, were considered the main predictors for bladder cancer.
    Conclusion
    There was a significant difference between cases and controls in terms of type of occupation. The risk of bladder cancer was higher among those working in high-risk occupations—metal working, textile, driving, farming, and construction.
    Keywords: Urinary bladder neoplasms, Occupations, Risk factors, Occupational exposure, Occupational diseases
  • Sevim, Ccedil, Elik, Nurten TaŞdemir, Aylin Kurt, Ebru İlgezdi, Ouml, Zge Kubalas Page 199
    Background
    Fatigue negatively affects the performance of intensive care nurses. Factors contributing to the fatigue experienced by nurses include lifestyle, psychological status, work organization and sleep problems.
    Objective
    To determine the level of fatigue among nurses working in intensive care units and the related factors.
    Methods
    This descriptive study was conducted with 102 nurses working in intensive care units in the West Black Sea Region of Turkey. Data were collected between February and May 2014 using a personal information form, the Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.
    Results
    The intensive care nurses in the study were found to be experiencing fatigue. Significant correlations were observed between scores on the VAS-F Fatigue and anxiety (p=0.01), depression (p=0.002), and sleep quality (p
    Conclusion
    Anxiety, depression and quality of sleep were significantly affected by the intensive care nurse's levels of fatigue. These results can be of benefit in taking measures which may be used to reduce fatigue in nurses, especially the fatigue related to work organization and social life.
    Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Critical care nursing, sleep, Sleep disorders, circadian rhythm
  • Masoud Neghab, Mahdieh Delikhoon, Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Jafar Hassanzadeh Page 207
    Background
    Being exposed to cooking fumes, kitchen workers are occupationally at risk of multiple respiratory hazards. No conclusive evidence exists as to whether occupational exposure to these fumes is associated with acute and chronic pulmonary effects and symptoms of respiratory diseases.
    Objective
    To quantify the exposure levels and evaluate possible chronic and acute pulmonary effects associated with exposure to cooking fumes.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, 60 kitchen workers exposed to cooking fumes and 60 unexposed employees were investigated. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among these groups was determined through completion of a standard questionnaire. Pulmonary function parameters were also measured before and after participant's work shift. Moreover, air samples were collected and analyzed to quantify their aldehyde, particle, and volatile organic contents.
    Results
    The mean airborne concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein was 0.45 (SD 0.41), 0.13 (0.1), and 1.56 (0.41) mg/m3, respectively. The mean atmospheric concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, PM7, PM10, and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) was 3.31 (2.6), 12.21 (5.9), 44.16 (16.6), 57 (21.55) μg/m3, and 1.31 (1.11) mg/m3, respectively. All respiratory symptoms were significantly (p
    Conclusion
    Exposure to cooking fumes is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms as well as acute reversible decrease in lung functional capacity.
    Keywords: Cooking, Aldehyde, Respiratory function tests, Signs, symptoms, respiratory, Lung diseases
  • Saed Nserat, Abdulhalim Al-Musa, Yousef S. Khader, Ahmad Abu Slaih, Ibrahim Iblan Page 217
    Background
    Occupational studies investigating the association between blood pressure and noise exposure are almost lacking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region countries.
    Objective
    To determine the association between occupational exposure to high level of noise and blood pressure among a group of workers in Jordan.
    Methods
    All workers who had been exposing to noise for at least 3 years in 3 plants in Madaba governorate in Jordan were included in this cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The occupational noise level was measured with a portable calibrated sound meter.
    Results
    We studied 191 male workers, of whom 145 (75.9%) were exposed to a noise level higher than the permissible limit of 85 dBA. The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the prevalence of hypertension were significantly higher among those exposed to higher noise level. In multivariate analysis, workers exposed to high level of noise had a significantly higher odds of hypertension compared to those exposed to noise level lower than the permissible limit (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.6 to 13.8). The odds of hypertension increased by 17% (95% CI 10% to 30%) for each dB increase in noise intensity.
    Conclusion
    Exposure to high level of noise is associated with elevated blood pressure.
    Keywords: Hearing loss, noise, induced, Occupational exposure, Hypertension, Manufacturing, industrial facilities, Jordan
  • Mohammad Azimi, Mohammad Reza Bahrami, Vida Rezaei Hachesu, Javad Zavar Reza, Hamideh Mihanpour, Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi, Mehrdad Mostaghaci Page 224
    Background
    Perchloroethylene is a halogenated solvent widely used in dry cleaning. International agency of research on cancer classified this chemical as a probable human carcinogen.
    Objective
    To evaluate the extent of primary DNA damage in dry cleaner workers who were exposed to perchloroethylene as compared to non-exposed subjects. The effect of exposure modifying factors such as use of personal protective equipment, perceived risk, and reported safe behaviors on observed DNA damage were also studied.
    Methods
    59 exposed and non-exposed workers were selected from Yazd, Iran. All the 33 exposed workers had work history at least 3 months in the dry cleaning shops. Peripheral blood sampling was performed. Microscope examination was performed under fluorescent microscope (400×). Open comet software was used for image analysis. All biological analysis was performed in one laboratory.
    Results
    Primary DNA damage to leukocytes in dry cleaners was relatively high. The median tail length, %DNA in tail, and tail moment in exposed group were significantly higher than those in non-exposed group. There was no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in terms of tail length, tail moment, and %DNA in tail. There was no significant correlation between duration of employment in dry cleaning and observed DNA damage in terms of tail length, tail moment and %DNA in tail. Stratified analysis based on exposed and nonexposed category showed no significant relationship between age and observed DNA damage.
    Conclusion
    Occupationally exposure to perchloroethylene can cause early DNA damage in dry cleaners.
    Keywords: DNA damage, Comet assay, Occupational exposure, Clothing
  • Yadollah Fathi, Majid Barati, Mitra Zandiyeh, Saeed Bashirian Page 232
    Background
    Operating room personnel are at high risk of needlestick injuries (NSIs) and exposure to blood and body fluids.
    Objective
    To investigate the predictors of NSIs preventive behaviors during surgery among operating room personnel based on a health belief model (HBM).
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 128 operating room personnel in Hamadan, western Iran. Participants were selected, by census sampling, from teaching hospitals, completed a self-reported questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge and HBM constructs.
    Results
    The levels of knowledge and perceived self-efficacy for the NSIs preventive behaviors among operating room personnel were not satisfactory. However, the levels of perceived benefits, susceptibility and severity were reported to be relatively good. The results showed that the perceived susceptibility (β ‑0.627) and cues to action (β 0.695) were the most important predictors of the NSIs preventive behaviors.
    Conclusion
    The framework of the HBM is useful to predict the NSIs preventive behaviors among operating room personnel.
    Keywords: Attitude, Health Belief Model, Needlestick injuries, Operating room nursing, Occupational exposure
  • Quentin Durand-Moreau, Matthieu Dezutter, Gilles QuÉrÉ, Gilles Robinet, Pierre-Yves Le Roux, Brice LoddÉ, Jean-Dominique Dewitte Page 241
    Occupational exposure to certain substances would cause cancer. Herein, we report on a case of a 58-year-old former orthoprostethist who died from a lung adenocarcinoma. He had a 3 pack-year history of smoking and a single exposure to asbestos during his professional career. Between 1979 and 2010, he used vermiculite plaques daily to build medical prostheses, using no personal protective equipment. Contamination of vermiculite with amphibole asbestos has been described in Libby, Montana. Expert opinion on this case has raised the hypothesis of the use of this kind of vermiculite during this period and the occupational etiology of this cancer. It seems important to point out the possibility of vermiculite-related lung cancers in unusual occupations in order to better document such cases in the future.
    Keywords: Vermiculite, Asbestos, Lung neoplasms, Occupational diseases
  • The Ijoem Page 244