فصلنامه مطالعات روانشناسی بالینی
پیاپی 12 (پاییز 1392)

Cultural psychology is a new discipline covering a universalistic intercultural version derived from a specific historical and cultural discourse. Since Kleinman’s major revision (1988), cultural psychopathology has been reconsidered with the aim of updating the previous reviews, assessment of conceptualizations and current methods, recognition of index trends, conceptual progressions, particularly changes in the definition of culture, studying both specific and common culture trends, the role of culture in psychiatric diagnosis for DSM-V and the World Health Organization report. In the new version, some cases of diseases such as depression and schizophrenia are included. The present research aims to show that mental illness is of a linguistic structure and study the illness as a cultural issue. The method applied in this research was that of discourse analysis. Discourse analysis, as a method of qualitative research, analyzes language and speech. The module of discourse analysis is narrative. A narrative is a cultural text, or scientific theory or social act. In discourse analysis, the researcher tries to recognize the underlying narratives of discourses through analyzing language and speech as well as interpreting approaches and theories. Studying discourse patterns created during usage of discursive resources, the analyst aims to identify the sources of similarities and differences. In recent years, research on cultural psychopathology has turned to an important area of study. The most important issue in cultural psychology and cultural psychopathology is to become aware of the definition of culture as specific discourse, and its role in in defining, clarifying and specifying mental illnesses. Cultural psychopathology focuses on language and the social global structure of language. It is in the light of language that we can reach to an integrated conceptualization of mental illness as a social and cultural construct. The ultimate goal of cultural psychopathology is to reduce pain and to improve people’s lives. Our modified definition of culture led to an analysis of signs and resources of cultural psychopathology in various levels of individual, family, society, and the expanded social system ones, which are all required for reaching this aim. Furthermore, culture is considered as a dynamic, variable and discursive process that is formed by role-playing of language in the social construct.

The present research aims to compare the effectiveness of social-emotional learning program and social problem-solving training on the rate of oppositional defiant disorder. The statistical population included all the 3rd and 4th-grade male students with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in Isfahan city in the educational year 2010-2011. Using multistage sampling method, 45 subjects were selected from among the students of two random boy elementary schools. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups, each consisting of 15 students. The method applied in the research was that of quasi-experimental. The Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale and clinical interview were used to diagnose the disorder symptoms. Then, the two experiment groups received 7 sessions of two separate approaches of social-emotional learning and social problem-solving. The rate of oppositional defiant disorder symptoms was assessed in the three groups during two stages of pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that the average scores of oppositional defiant symptoms in the two experiment groups was significantly lower than that of control group (p<0.001). The results also indicated that training both social-emotional and social problem-solving programs is effective in reducing the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. Therefore, the social-emotional learning and social problem-solving programs as the underlying skills of emotional intelligence, social learning and interpersonal relationships can be effective approaches in dealing with oppositional defiant disorder.

The present research aims to study the effect of spiritual therapy on depression in elderly women residing in nursing homes. This was a quasi-experimental research applying the method of pre-test and post-test. The subjects included 34 elderly women suffering from depression residing in Kahrizak nursing home. After the Geriatric Depression Scale ‘GDS’ (1993) was carried out, the subjects scored 15 or higher were randomly selected by using simple sampling method. Then, they were randomly assigned to experiment and control groups. The experiment group received 10 sessions of spiritual therapy. Subsequently, the GDS test was carried out again to both groups. T-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experiment and control groups in terms of GDS score, and that spiritual therapy could decrease the rate of depression in elderly women residing in the nursing home. Spiritual therapy, as a rehabilitation and nonorganic interference, can help betterment of depression in elderly women.

The present research aims to study the consistency between the Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) scales and DSM-IV axis II. The study was a questionnaire survey research applying methodological and testing methods. First, the experimental background of the Iranian data for PSY-5 as well as the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) were studied. Then, the consistency between PSY-5 and DSM-5 was investigated in a multivariate environment through examining the joint factor analysis of PSY-5 and PID-5. The data were collected using MMPI-2-RF and PID-5 questionnaires. The sample population included 793 (student, non-student, and clinical) subjects selected from among all people older than 16 in Tehran. At the end, 452 protocols of the answered items were recognized as valid for doing statistical analysis. Depending on the research questions, the methods of question categorization, exploratory factor analysis, principal component analysis with varimax rotation, common factor analysis, maximum-likelihood estimation with varimax rotation, Horn's parallel analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, goodness of fit index (GFI), X2 / d. f. ratio, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and SPSS and AMOS software. The results were indicative of a good fitness of the research data with confirmatory factor analysis models for both PSY-5 and PID-5 scales. The results of the common exploratory factor analysis also confirmed the hypothesis, and showed that each scale of PSY-5 had a significant factor loading in the expected areas of DSM-5.

Anger rumination and the personal belief on how to (internally and externally) control the affairs are among the important factors influencing people’s mental health. The present research aims to study the moderating role of the locus of control in the relationship between anger rumination and depression in a sample of patients with major depression disorder. The subjects included 127 patients (81 men, 45 women) with major depression disorder. They were asked to complete the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Anger Rumination Scale (ARS) and Rotter΄s Locus of Control Scale (I-E). The data were analyzed using various statistical indicators such as frequency, percent, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between anger rumination as well as the external locus of control and the levels of depression. Moreover, there was a negative relationship between the internal locus of control and the levels of depression. The regression analysis showed that locus of control had a significant role in the relationship between anger rumination and depression levels. In other words, the deeper the locus of control was, the weaker the relationship between anger rumination and depression became. Therefore, the results indicated that the external locus of control and anger rumination were the most important factors in predicting depression, and had a positive relationship with the severity of depression.

this study reviews the effect of cognitive therapy in depression and recovery of explicit memory and implicit memory. two groups (major depression without non- psychotic symptom and non depression) participated randoming in this study. Every group consists of 30 persons. Memory tests was done by cued recall test (CTR) for experiment of explicit memory and word stem complete test (WSC) is for experimental of implicit memory. explicit memory of subject depression is impaired, but implicit memory is intact. Also there are memory bias of negative word in contrast neutral word. Recall rate of explicit memory in depression is lower that non depression persons. Cognitive therapy is influence in recovery of depression. Also recall rate of explicit memory in recovery persons and non depression persons are equal. factor of depression to cause failure in cognitive process in demand- effort process. there for conceptual and perceptual processes in depression is special.

Pourpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of group dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on the life quality improvement and decrease of students’ oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The study was carried out through experimental method as well as pre-test and post-test designs and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the male guidance school students of the town Noor-Abad (Delfan) in the year 1391. The testees included 40 male students having ODD and were identified by ODDR scale and selected through a clinical interview to be assigned randomly to two experimental and control groups. The structured clinical interview، ODDRS، and life quality scale (SF-36) were applied in order to collect data. Results and Suggestion: The results of Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) suggest that group training of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) contributes significantly to the decreased symptoms and increased life quality of these students (P<0. 001). Thus، group training of DBT can lead to the decreased symptoms of ODD and this treatment is recommended as an effective intervention treatment