نشریه بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

The aim of this research is to study the effect of the social networks and participation on social exclusion among women in Urmia. Survey method was used and 430 women were selected by probable- quotient sampling. To determine the correlation between social networks and participation as independent variables and social exclusion as dependent on, Pierson test was used. The findings showed that there was Reverse correlation between social exclusion and independent variables. That meant by increasing the amount of participation and using social networks, we could decrease social exclusion. Also by using stepwise Regression, 22 percent of social exclusion was determined by the variables used in the research and participation had more strong effect on determining social exclusion. So findings could be useful for making policies to decrease social exclusion among women who were half of the society to reach social and total development

In past decades, rural people’s life has experienced various changes that have been reflected in their life style. Life style is a set of believes, values, behavioral methods, states and tastes in anything. The construct is affected by various social and cultural circumstances; with this in mind, this paper tries to employ a qualitative approach implying on phenomenological method to explore the cause. In current research, field data was gathered by depth interview and theoretical saturation among girls aged between 14 and 26 years old in Sufi Village. Results indicated that due to high educational level, widespread social media and increasing geographical mobility, life style of rural girls has been changed in terms of clothing, leisure, communication, body management, and feeding in way that has been similar to urban girls’ lifestyle. They tend to brand-orientation, fashion-orientation, and differentiation in framework of clothing, virtual space and using communicational tools in the framework of leisure, preventing tradition and differentiation in speech in terms of speech style, fast food and using new equipments for cooking in the framework of feeding, and health-beauty cares and fitness in terms of body management. All these changes have tended to challenge the traditional life style.

One of the distinctive features of labor market in Iran is the issue of unemployment. In addition to economic and social costs, unemployment has serious effects on the health of individuals. This study aimed to investigate the mental health status of the economically active population (employed and unemployed) in the city of Tehran trying to give an account of the social and cultural parameters affecting the mental health of the population studied. For this purpose, a deductive approach was adopted and a causal theoretical framework was developed from Jahoda’s latent deprivation model.
The research method was survey and questionnaire technique was used for data collection. The statistical population of the study included the economically active residents of Tehran among whom 400 individuals were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling using Cochran’s sample size formula. The General Health Questionnaire and employment latent and manifest benefits scale were used to measure the mental health, the components of latent deprivation of employment.
T-test results showed that the employed individuals had a better mental health status than the unemployed. Employed individuals had more benefit of the manifest and latent benefits of employment than the unemployment individuals. The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that employment impact with a beta coefficient of (0.327), latent benefits (0.345) and manifest benefit (-0.215) were, respectively, the strongest predictors of mental health among the employed and unemployed individuals..

Study of relationship between violent theft defendant’s social backgrounds and judgment can express the social contexts of law and it’s true definition. The main problems, we are going to address is that: which kind of defendant’s familial and social backgrounds influence on criminal procedure from entrance to prosecution service until enforcement stage? How does criminal system react to them through their social status? Classifying relevant theoretical patterns, we concluded to two common functional and conflict perspectives in order to answer the questions and enter our research field. Qualitative method in particular tools like interview, documents analysis and observation in especial-prosecution-center of robbery, prosecution center of 12th district and second-criminal-court of Tehran helped us address our problems. Findings show that familial and social backgrounds like gender, generation, socio-economical statute, ethnicity and nationality influence on criminal procedure of violent theft. Judges consider these factors as one of the main axis of their reasoning while judging that are some rules and cliché rising from social structure, culture, religion, economy and… ..

Social stigma is a ravaging humiliation felt by autistic individuals and their families commonly face in the society. In this research, 20 mothers and 10 fathers of autistic children in Tehran, have been interviewed. In the interviews, they were asked about their daily routines, leisure activities at home, with family and in society, and their life styles and presence in public sphere. Based on the outcomes of this research, mothers have experienced more labels than fathers, within their own families, relatives, friends and strangers. Also both of them, have experienced similar stigmatization by the doctors who diagnosed their children with autism. They have been humiliated mostly by being stared at, getting abused vocally, and being bullied by adults and by children at the same age. Also women have stigmatized more than men. Furthermore, mothers, when they faced stigma, have chosen strategies like running away from the situation, bribery to the child, isolation, aggression and explanatory strategy along their specific personal strategies.

Social inequalities may be divided into three categories, namely class, gender and ethnic inequalities. Many representations could be found in the documents and sources remained from different historical periods. The importance of paying attention to the contents of school books lies in the fact that they reflect the dominant beliefs of the society regarding the socialization of individuals and their social role-taking. The current study focuses on the social inequalities found in school textbooks of the constitutional period (1895-1911). This is a documentary research which has been conducted through content analysis and situational context of words aims to address questions such as gender inequality in the school textbooks of the constitutional period, the role of the concept of gender in the kind of socialization experienced by individuals especially girls, and the most important roles expected of them. In these textbooks, the type of relationship of women’s roles with the role of men is seen in three categories: 1- the roles of women depending on men, 2- the roles equal between men and women, 3- independence of women’s roles from men. The results of the researchers’ investigation in this study indicated that the instances of role independence and lack of social inequalities could only be seen in the book entitled Tarbiyat nesvan (The Education of Women)..

This Paper with a sociological approach tries to study the etiology of women's addiction, and its main goal is comparing three different views in this field (view of ‘Women with illicit drug’ use, ‘women with non use’, and ‘the Experts’). Furthermore, the view of two groups of women with addiction (include under-treatment and not-under-treatment) has been studied.
The Methods of data collection has been quantitative and qualitative. The sample of Women with illicit drug use was 768 and sample of women with non use was 402 and the experts were 6.
According to the findings, there is a significant difference between the views of three groups. ‘Women with illicit drug use’ Focused on ‘structural factors’, while the ‘women with non use’ and the Experts has insisted on individual voluntary action such as Identification and Power-achievement.

Anomie is one of the prevalent concerns in modern communities. Anomie is a social problem or modern society illness. it is not only unknown illness, but also transmitted to post modern era.
Present research attempts to consider the Sociological determination of anomie aspects (cultural, social, economic and political) in female youth in Ilam province. Research method is statistical and data gathering tool is a questionnaire. Statistical community consist of whole female youth in Ilam province, training in 111 2nd secondary schools during 2016-2017 schooling year, totally 7446 subjects. Among them,400 individuals were selected as samples. Primarily, multistage clustering method was used to determine these schools, then proportional classified sampling method to select individuals. Sociological determination of Anomie aspects (case study: female youth in Ilam province) was addressed in the context of 15 hypotheses and the following results were obtained: after introducing independent variables in regressional analysis, based of forwarding method, during three stages, the following variables were meaningful: inequality feeling, prospection, culture missing, social security feeling, inter personal confidence and family supervision. Meaningfulness of these variables have been as following: inequality feeling (.418), prospection (0.212), cultural missing (0.200), social security feeling (0.135). interpersonal confidence (0.123).

As the most important and fundamental shelter of human safety and security, family has gone under different changes and transforms as a result and consequence of modernism and modernity within societies. Meanwhile, the Iranian society seems to be such affected as to accommodate various typologies and to transform its social capital in one way or another. This paper aims to identify these typologies and to compare social capitals of families in the scope of research study. The methodology used is survey and documentary. The assumption in this research have been:1) The traditional-oriented renovation corresponds the social capital of the family.2) The ongoing modern renovation has the greatest impact on the reduction of social capital in Iranian families. 3) The postmodern renovation increases the social capital in Iranian families. The results from this survey show the emergence of different family typologies in the Iranian society. They also shows a meaningful relation between renovation rate and social capital. To generate the index measures, the expertise ideas (dialectic approach towards social phenomena), the index measure of the author, and ideas of social capital experts (Putnam, Coleman, Bourdieu, Ghoshal, Petry, Ruskanen) have been employed. The theoretical framework of research is a hybrid approach

The main objective of this paper is to analyze community issues of housing policy and the phenomenon of informality from a sociological point of view. It is a phenomenon that can occur gradually over the time, in a way that in the past decades, welfare policies for housing which is a part of the national planning system in the form of 5-year development plans, laws and also the plans drawn from them, have been converted to a part of a regenerative mechanism of informal processes. Accordingly, in the current study, attempts have been made to apply the methods of qualitative analysis, content analysis, and observation in order to investigate the causes and processes of the emergence of the abovementioned phenomenon in the context of the experience evolutions in Mianaabad district of Islamshahr, Tehran, Iran. Certainly, through this context, housing welfare policies, in the form of a new urban regimes based on urban entrepreneurialism , and with the support of state or international organizations and mechanisms, have found an informal nature and have caused more outskirt settlement. In fact ,the increasing withdrawal of government as an institution formally intervened in housing policy, informal institutions have entered the field, escalated the informality, and contributed to the development of the suburban settlement by relying on a pre-existing mechanism: the market and leading it towards their own objectives and interests. In this situation, housing welfare policies, have found an informality nature and have become a mechanism for the regeneration of informality and suburb settlements in Mianabad of Islamshahr

The present study aims at the prediction of general health based on the sports participation and body culture. The sample consists of all women employees of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, including 549 people.. To collect data, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), sports participation motivation questionnaire (Gill et al, 1983), and the body culture questionnaire which was researcher made were applied. The content validity method was used and the above theoretical framework was developed through fuzzy neural network in MATLAB.Using the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the input variables, there appeared a relationship between the input variables, sports participation and Body Cultureand output variable; general health. Given the high correlation between network inputs and outputs as well as error rate obtained, ANFIS is proved a suitable model for predicting general health. The optimal model for the general health promotion is when the body culture is at medium level.

The aim of this research is to study the effect of the social networks and participation on social exclusion among women in Urmia. Survey method was used and 430 women were selected by probable- quotient sampling. To determine the correlation between social networks and participation as independent variables and social exclusion as dependent on, Pierson test was used. The findings showed that there was Reverse correlation between social exclusion and independent variables. That meant by increasing the amount of participation and using social networks, we could decrease social exclusion. Also by using stepwise Regression, 22 percent of social exclusion was determined by the variables used in the research and participation had more strong effect on determining social exclusion. So findings could be useful for making policies to decrease social exclusion among women who were half of the society to reach social and total development,