فصلنامه پژوهش های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی
پیاپی 22 (بهار 1395)

data for 30 provinces of Iran during the period 1385-1391 were considered. The panel data method of estimation was applied to estimate the relationship between the variables. The results show that economic development in provinces measured by GDP per capita decreased the fertility rate. Economic development accompanied by urbanization and industrialization increased the share of women with higher education in population. These developments by changing the rule of women in family decision making and postponing the marriage increased the average age of women in first marriage. These factors had a reverse and significant impact on fertility rate in Iran for the period under consideration. These results confirm the modernization school of thought. Furthermore the results show a positive relationship between the labor force participation of women and fertility which confirm the –Pennsylvania theory of fertility.

Decrease in households demand and welfare due to operation of energy carriers price reform policy cause to policy-maker attend to revenue recycling of this policy and injection to economic. Thus, in this research use Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) in 1385, analysis economic impacts of distributional policies of energy price reform revenue. In present research attend to three policies 1) cash transfer, 2) labor support and 3) production support. The simulation result show to combination than distribution way three of revenue has lower of decrease in demand and welfare of households. Moreover, if government don’t distribute revenue of energy carriers price reform policy then households welfare will have upper decrease and if combination of way three or combination of cash transfer and labor support be the ways of distribution of energy carriers price reform policy revenue then households demand and welfare has low decrease.

The purpose of this paper is to measuring of international financial development and its effect on economy’s globalization in South-West Asia countries and Iran During the years 2004-2011.To do so, we have applied the datas that published by the World Bank in 2014. In this research, Eviews econometric software and panel data methods are used. The results of measure has shown the international financial development index in South-west Asia countries during the years 2004-2011 is estimated at 0.21. and the average score of 0.39 is equivalent to Iran.so, in the international financial setor, Iran with this point has titeled as relatively developed country among the South-West Asion countries. The results have shown that the international Financial Development Index in Southwest Asia and Iran is negative and has got a negativ trend and also the index has decreased over the period. Finaly the results have shown that the relationship between international financial development index and economy’s globalization is positive.

Expansion of energy consumption and trend of rising emissions of pollutants resulting from the combustion of energy carriers in the world has caused environmental crises be recognized as one of the most important challenges which governments in the twenty-first century are facing. That is why governments try to take various policies and programs in order to overcome on environmental problems such as air pollution. One of the most common types of policies that cause minimum inefficiency in the economy is obtaining the green taxes which is applied on the basis of cost. Accordingly, in this study, the effects of increase of green taxes on economic growth, based on the design of Computable General Equilibrium model for Iran and implementation of Social Accounting Matrix in 1380 in the form of eight scenarios were examined.The increasing rates of taxes from one to forty percent have been done in eight scenarios. the obtained results show that the increasing rate of green taxes as an indirect one increases the economical growth in all scenarios. also the positive effect of lower pollution leads in positive economic growth in all scenarios, too.

It’s expected, theoretically, that financial development, facilitates allocation of resources to most-productive uses and thereby fosters economic growth. Nonetheless, some opponent theories and evidences, implies that financial development may has different and to some extent antonym effects on economic growth in different situations. Specifically, qualitative financial development (financial innovations), in addition to augmenting economic efficiency, could result in regulatory arbitrage (financial institutions efforts to sidestep regulatory restrictions in order to gain more profits) which, in turn, distorts fundamental economic variables from optimum levels and thereby affects economic growth negatively. In this study, we use a semi-parametric model, based on a monetary/financial economic growth model, and data from Iran economy for the period of 1369-1391 to empirically evaluate the effect of unexpected occurrence of financial innovation on capital formation. According to results of the study, qualitative financial development would scale down capital formation and economic growth. Additionally, results reveals that regulated reserve requirements in Iran might be at their optimal level.

Like most of oil exporting countries, Iran’s economy is exposed to the government’s great share of economic activites, complicated monetary and economic policies and a meager activity in production section.Thus a shock in oil price has a significant effect on domestic production, inflation and money. On the proposed model of Qu & Perron (2007), the present study has attented to assess iran’s shocking economic foundations stemed from and exogenous oil price considering production the variables, inflation and money as an affiliated and endogenous variables from march 1961 to february 2012. Accordingly, six structural shocks have been identified in september 1973, july 1979, may 1990, july 1994 & may 2006. The most considerable effect of oil price on production, inflation and money growth were in the first and fifth regimes respectively. Moreover, the longest period of oil price effects on production, inflation and money growth were in forth, second and fifth regimes respectively.

The shadow economy is a real phenomenon with significant and complex concepts that requires deep study and attention. For all the Countries of the world especially developing countries which possess a more expanded volume of these activities, always there are concerns about the growing tendency of shadow economy. Due to the hidden nature of the shadow economy and its unregistration, official statistics don’t reveal the exact status of the governmental economy and since these statistics are applied to policy- making, inexact figures and information can lead to inappropriate political responses. In the present paper, the aim is to investigate the effect of unemployment rate on the shadow economy in 67 developing countries in period of 1999-2009. The paper’s data analysis is System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) approach. By and large, the results of this approach show that in the countries under study the unemployment rate has a positive effect on the shadow economy.

The aim of this paper is investigating the effect of business regulations and Intellectual property rights on economic performance. More precisely, we attempt to examine this issue for a sample of 46 middle high income countries over the period 2004-2013. We use the World Bank Doing Business indicators as measures of business regulations and panel data model is used for data analyses.The results show that foregin direct investment, Fixed capital formation, Good Governance (Rule of law and political stability) indexes, intellectual property rights and doing business (starting a business, Dealing with Construction Permits, and Getting Credit) indexes have the positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected middle high income countries.

This paper examines the effect of oil resource abundance on economic growth through the budget and external sector Imbalances. The three equations -that have been extracted from theoretical explanation-estimated simultaneously, using 3SLS for the period 1973-2012. We find negative effects of non-oil budget deficit and non-oil trade deficit on economic growth. According to the estimations, budget deficit has caused the trade deficit, but the reverse is not true. So, it can be said twin deficit hypothesis is not confirmed. The effect of oil revenues and real exchange rate on non-oil trade deficit is negative and significant. Government spending has a positive effect on the budget deficit that is consistent with theoretical expectations. The impact of oil revenues on the non-oil trade deficit is positive and significant. In general, it can be said that although the impact of oil revenues on economic growth is positive, these incomes decrease economic growth through the exacerbate imbalances such as budget deficits and trade deficits.

Increase in government spending can lead to increase in production, supply of public goods and services and utility. But it should be noted that increasing the role of government in the economy caused ejection of the private sector and this will reduce the utility.In the present study, weve been looking for Iran's growth rate of government's Spending using time series data in the years 1978-2014. Via a dynamic Optimal control approach and the maximum principle.According to the findings, the optimal growth rate of government expenditure is 7% and the main factors affecting the government expenditure rate is the ratio of private and public sector investment. Therefore, the current growth rate of government spending is not optimal and the government needs to control the growth rate of spending.