فصلنامه پژوهش های رشد و توسعه اقتصادی
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1391)

Economic integration is one of the most challenging issues of the countries in present time on which there are many disagreements. Investigating its effects and consequences from different views including, political, economic, social, and cultural aspects has attracted many scientists, economists, and cultural workers across the world. These investigations need quantification and exertion of proper indices for measuring this phenomenon. By introducing globalization index of KOF, this paper tries to represent its effects on economic growth and employment rate among ECO, simultaneously. We use international data during 2001-2010 and gravity model was evaluated by panel data method in this paper. Also for simultaneous analysis, 2 SLS method was used. The results show that gross productions of ECO countries have had a positive and significant effect on the rate of bilateral trade among the countries. Trade effects on economic growth of their countries has been proved to be positive and significant as well. Employment had positive and significant effects on economic growth.

Increasing productivity, as a way to reduce the gap between supply and demand and also as a factor to reduc the production costs and to increase the efficiency of resources use and the quality and competitiveness of products, is considerable for economists and policymakers. On the other hand, the reduction of unemployment is another challenge facing the countries of the world too. But the ambiguity to achieve both goals simultaneously has been appeared in the recent theoretical and empirical studies. The main question in this study is whether productivity enhancing, causes reduction in Iran's indusrial employment? to address this question, a multivariate structural VAR model, including industrial labor productivity, employment and CPI for the 1973-2007 period has been applied and the data gathered from APO, statistic center and central bank of Iran. Estimation of structural model is based on Blanchard-Quah decomposition approach. The results show that promoting productivity policies have little role and importance in the employment variations, thereby its size in reducing employment in the long run is negligible.

Government size has negative and positive impact on economic growth. In this paper, we conduct an analysis with dealing the impact of government size on human development index (HDI). The regression will be empirically analyzed using generalized method of moments (GMM) with two staged least squares in a panel data framework for 30 developed and 34 developing nations for 1980-2009. The impact of government size (measured by consumption and investment expenditures) on HDI is studied. The results reveal that the optimal size of government consumption expenditure on HDI in developed countries is greater than the developing countries. While, in developing countries the government investment reveals a linear and increasing patterns.

Recently, the study of relation between economic convergences with the business cycle synchronizations among countries has become one of the important issues in economic literature. In this investigation the business cycle synchronization with the oil revenues studied for OPEC member countries. In this study, the annual data for the period 1973-2010, are used. At first, the time series of GDP and oil revenues have de-trended by the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter. Then, after confirming the business cycle synchronization and the oil revenues synchronization for OPEC member countries, the relationship between the business cycle synchronization with oil revenues are tested by Panel-VAR model. The results represent positive relationship between the business cycle synchronization and oil revenues for OPEC countries.

Capital accumulation is a key factor in economic growth and interest rate is a policy instrument in capital accumulation.In Iran economy, goverment imposes interest rate ceiling in fevored sectors.In this paper, a system of equations including saving and investment function are regressed via (3SLS). We conclude that an increase in interest rate increase investment and then mckinnon-shaw hypothesis is not rejected.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal time paths of economic variables such as production, inflation, money stock and government expenditures, and also sensitivity analysis of these paths. For this aim, a deterministic optimal control model is used. In this model, a quadratic objective functional, due to the constraint of dynamic macroeconomic equations system, will be minimized. In this method, the squared deviations of variables from their steady state values ​​ are weighted. Then, optimal paths of control and state variables are calculated by using Mathematica software. Optimization results indicate that if optimal policies are chosen, mentioned variables will considerably have less fluctuations. According to results of survey, analyzing the sensitivity of the model to policy weight emphasizes on inverse relationship between weight imposed by economic policy makers on the target variable, and standard deviation of values ​​ofthe optimal paths for that variable. Also, this paper shows that mathematical economic models and techniques can be used in order to solve the problems of growth, production and inflation.

This research provides a comprehensive composite indicator to evaluation human development based on Islamic civilization’s teachings. According to analysis of theoretical framework of Islamic civilization’s teachings, human development in this research includes “economic-welfare”, “social-cultural”, “religious-ethical”, “political-governmental” and “scientific-educational” dimensions which are derived from the extension of Islamic teachings in the field of human life. Final composite indicator of this research will be derived from a seven-step method and findings of that indicator show that scientific-educational dimension and public health component are the most important strengths of I.R. Iran in which if these elements have more weight in final composite indicator, situation of I.R. Iran will be 10 steps higher than current situation. But the economic-welfare dimension (except infrastructure capitals) and the efficiency of governmental organizations and legislative institutions are the most important weaknesses of I.R. Iran and improvement of business environmental, macroeconomics indicators, professional legislation and stability of laws and regulations and increment of efficiency of executive organizations could have important effect on situation of I.R. Iran.