فصلنامه پژوهشهای روستایی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، تابستان 1394)

The natural resources of any community are the wealth of there that not only do belong to the current generation، but also are heritages that would belong to the futures and are one of the inherent bases from human beings life. Revival natural resources are the widest resources of the environment from the earth and for their role which have in control of surface water، conflict with air pollution، conflict with soil erosion and maintenance and produce of it، prevention from sound pollution of environment،، reduction of climate in one region، prevention from earth.. ، produces of drug and industrial materials and the balance of hesitancies، are the basic factors in the process of sustainable development. For this reason، preserve، recovery and correct exploitation from these areas is considered the constitute duties of international institutions، governments، non-governmental organizations، local constitutions and nature friends. While per 1 min، 200tons of soil from the surface of farms and jungles is sent to seas، lakes and the back of dams per minute. In fact،annually consistentlyabout 20 tons per hectare of soil are washed by effect of water erosion in Iran which means the loss of 76 kg nitrogen، 24 kg phosphor and 8 kg potash per hectare and if we calculate the price of nutrition in soil، we will lose annually about 7. 6 million $ of micronutrients inside the soil. In present conditions، success of environmental organizations in disseminating preservation innovations of environment and much more exploitation of preserve operations for developing countries require the existence a type of reality attitude and yet is holistic and systemic to influential factors on environmental behavior in acceptance of conservation innovations which this study follows that.

Ecotourism is a kind of tourism and a way of achieving sustainable development in rural areas which have high tourism capacities. The distinction between ecotourism and tourism lies in the characteristics of ecotourism، that is to say، the positive characteristics of an ecotourism arenature and culture of traveling activities، increasing public awareness about the environment، protection of the local environmental sources، the minimum impact of tourism، empowering local people and maximizing the financial benefits for local communities. Responsible environmental behavioris a prerequisite necessity and an important achievement for tourism sustainable development in rural areas. Environmental tourism destinations are affected directly and indirectly by tourists'' behaviors and activities. The researchers are eager to study and scrutinizethe tourists'' behaviors due to theirsevere impact on the environmental destinations. Studying the tourists'' behaviorat various destinationisresearchers'' and practitioners'' priority and main concern. To this end، they adopted different terms such as responsible environmental behavior to describe the behaviors that reduce the negative environmental impacts and protect various environmental tourism destinations. Responsible environmental behavior indicates that the tourists should follow the norms ofresponsible traveling in various tourism destinations. Based on tourists'' responsible environmental behavior assessment in tourism destinations، this research aims to measure the tourists'' environmental behavior and the factors that influence these behaviors in the desert ecotourism destinations. Method of this study was based on a questionnaire survey research. Behavior wasa dependent variable and factors such as perceived value، destination image، loyalty، satisfaction and awareness wereconsidered as independent variables. The populationof this study was the tourists who traveled to this city and its rural areas in spring. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and the tests used in this study werebased on the nature of the collected data and the aim of the study was classified as descriptive and analytical data (only the participants'' personal information was measured in descriptive data). In theanalytical results، at first items of each macro variables that affected behaviorwere combined with each other andwere analyzed by one-sample t-test. Then، path analysis was used to understand the influence of each independent variable on dependent variable (behavior). Findings of the study: Based on theresponsible environmentalbehaviors and individual characteristics relationship، the results revealed that there is a significant relationship between age and degree of responsible environmental behavior، so that and significant level is. Whereas the calculated error of measurement is <0. 050، it can be claimed that two variables have relationshipat level of 0. 050،also there wasa relationship between nominal variables، education level، job and degree of responsible environmental behavior except that gender had no relationship with responsible environmental behavior. The findings indicatedthat tourists followed the environmental behavior in rural areas of this region. And factors such as degree of awareness، perceived value، and mental image of destination، loyalty and satisfaction of travelling affected the environmental behaviors in rural areas of Khour and Biyabank. Based onthe path analysis results، interest to place (loyalty to the destination) had the maximal effect and tourists''mental image of destination had the minimal effect on the dependent variable of the study. According to the relationship of responsible environmentalbehaviors and individual characteristics، the results showed that there was a significant relationshipbetween age، education and degree of responsible environmental behavior. However،there was not any relationship between gender and behavior. Discussion and In general، responsible environmental behavior was considered as a prerequisite necessity and an important achievement for rural areas'' tourism sustainable development. Promotion of responsible environmental behavior conserved biodiversity and environmental attractiveness of tourism destination and aided in the growth and prosperity of these destinations. Therefore، responsible environmental behavior should be considered as an important factor in the various tourism destinations and should be adopted in sustainable way. According to the theoretical basis، variables such as tourists'' awareness، tourists'' perceived value، total satisfaction، tourists'' mental image of destination and loyalty to the destination wereconsidered as the factors that influenced the responsible environmental behavior of tourists، therefore the results showedthat the tourists followed the responsible environmental behaviors in rural areas of this region. Other findings of this study indicated that among the variables that affected the tourists'' environmental behavior، only the image of destination had an unpleasant situation. Therefore، the most important concernof tourists about the image of destination wasrelated to electronic reservation of products، low levels of education and local staffs''unfriendly behaviors to the customers in rural areas of this region. We used path analysis to understand the contribution of each independent variable on the dependent variable (behavior). The results of path analysis revealed that loyalty to destination was the most effective factor in tourist''s responsible environmental behavior، meaning that if the tourists hadmore loyalty to the destination، they had showed higher responsible behaviors in that destination. After the degree of awareness، the perceived value، image of destination and loyalty to the destination affected the environmental behavior of tourists directly and indirectly.

The occurrence of factors such as population growth، economic development، welfare، changing consumption patterns and etc. The Produce massive amounts of waste unbridled rural، it’s led to creation of serious and newly crisis in the rural settlements. The Necessity to protect the environment of rural settlements (environmental، social and economic) through structural factors (local institutions managers) requires an influence. The aim of the research، Emphasize a new approach to evaluate and prioritize Dhyary performance and the factors that affect the development of waste management in the South East of the country''s rural settlements. Change of life style and consumption pattern and population increasing in urban and rural community had been caused to produce of massive amount of waste and Garbage. This trend، change rural waste nature from perishable material to imperishable such as paper، Plastic، mental and …. From other side، municipal waste transition and Increase in per capita output had waste quantity issues that create significant amount of perishable and imperishable waste Distribution and increasing around streets and rural settlements. The continuation of this process in the future could be result in great environmental pollution of rural regions. Therefore، rural Waste Management is one of the most important activities for prevention of damages and hazards related to human and his living environment especially in rural area. Dehyar، as a one of the rural managers، is bounded to supervision and assessing of garbage gathering and exclusion، positive interaction and participation with health officials and health care centers، and the other rural institutions. This study is objective based and has descriptive- analyzing methodology، by using of questionnaire that designed through of theorical literature and field study. Finally، after primary study، measures and indexes of study had been extracted and applied for questionnaire designing. In next stage، 452 people as Households selected for community samples in 15 rural points. The sampling way was Targeted and based on existence of rural managers (Dehyars) in rural points. Data gathering and analyzing had been done in Sarbook rural district through of statistical methods، too. The gained result of study show that there is direct and meaningful relation (confidence: 0. 73) between waste management and local managers duties and turnovers that contain separation and recycling، gathering and maintaining، transport، final disposal and participation. These findings show that increasing of efficiency and enhance the quality of local managers (Council and Dhyars) of tasks and roles could increase waste management in rural settlement around their sphere of influence and adverse، too. Also، Dehyars performance efficiency on waste management in rural settlements based on regressions models is 0. 533 that show significant and high efficiency in case study area. Gained result from Pierson correlation statistical confidence show that from 15 case study rural points، only 7 rural points had a strong and meaningful correlation. Among them، Sarbook، Hamiri and Hajiabad with 0. 946، 0. 789 and 0. 716 had stronger and more correlation confidence rather than other rural points. With regard to gained result، must be emphasis on this fact that local manageress performance in case study area (all of them، with strong or weak correlation)، in relation to waste management is unmeaning full in separation and recycling، and transport. It result from so many reasons as like as: weakness of local managers performance in some aspect like awareness، informing of rural community، lack of local training، inappropriate site selecting for garbage disposal and its neighboring to geographical phenomena، non-distributing trash bags to separate them، lack of temporary site for garbage collecting and fast disposal of them، low capacity of waste disposal sites، lack of appropriate financial resource، Final disposal of waste by combustion or incineration in rural environment and out of that، waste and garbage releasing in natural resources and forests، waters resource and rivers، lack of attention to environmental issues of rural area، in compare to other tasks of rural managers، lack of garbage trash in rural spaces for gathering and Separation (except some of rural like as sarbook and …)، lack of sufficient and appropriate transporting vehicle، lack of enough and needed workers for waste management، lack of healthy awareness billboard and training tools in rural area، lack of rural councils participation in waste management and est. According to the findings of the investigation and prevention of pollution in rural settlements and as well as accelerating the development of new perspectives and restoring and creating of an integrated management system، targeted and safe programmed to improve the production waste material in case study region is necessary. In addition، to inform and empower the local performance of manager’s information، education، and use of local skills and can help waste management، applications and operations.

Rural development is a dynamic process that can grow in various dimensions. For the past three decades، the concept of rural development has evolved from agricultural، economic and social development of rural poor to the inclusive development. In the last few decades، rural development has been expanded in different countries، through research has indicated that only infusion of capital and technology can improve the rural poverty and other factors can play influential roles. Entrepreneurship training particularly among rural youths has been considered as a contributing factor to rural development. Entrepreneurship training provides a systematic improvement of the entrepreneurial knowledge and skills required by rural youths to establish and run a new business. Youth in rural areas of many developing countries are involved in a range of household-based and farm and off-farm activities، though; they are still encounter the challenge of unemployment due to their low incomes from the activities. Poverty coupled with the lack of voice and of job opportunities created a sense of hopelessness that discourage the rural youth from active involvement in business creation activities. Due to the lack of training opportunities and weak services in rural areas، most rural youths are engaged in traditional subsistence agriculture where the main activities are production and small-scale animal husbandry. However، youth do not regard traditional subsistence agriculture as employment and many of them desire a job in other non-agriculture-based areas with higher income possibilities. Finding and maintaining employment requires broad-based occupational and specific job-related skills. These skills can be acquired through being engaged in the job and/or training institutions. Therefore، the main purpose of the present study was assessing the entrepreneurship training needs of rural youths in order to setup businesses in handicraft in the rural area of Varamin، one of the big cities of Tehran، Iran. In the present study an exploratory mixed research method (MRM) (qualitative-quantitative) was used. In the qualitative method phase، case study was used and the population included all the experts in the rural handicraft. A purposive sampling method was used to select the cases. After semi-structured interviews with 10 of the experts، theoretical saturation was reached. The population of the quantitative survey was the rural youths (20-35 years old) living in rural areas of Varamin city and 380 of them were selected using the simple random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire which was developed based on the literature and interviews with entrepreneurs and the model of Borich. The questionnaire included items on knowledge (16 items)، skills (15 items) and attitudes (12 items). The validity of questionnaire was assessed with experts and the reliability of it was calculated using Cronbach’s-alpha. More specifically، the Cronbach’s-alpha for knowledge was 0. 94، for skills was 0. 94 and for attitudes was 0. 9. Therefore، the instrument was highly reliable. In the qualitative phase of the research، data were analyzed by using the constant comparative method and at the quantitative phase the data were analyzed using SPSS18 software. The results showed that regarding business experience، over 72 percent of the youths in the study had the experience of setting up and/or collaborating in a business. Furthermore، the males had higher experience in setting up and/or collaborating in a business than females. Also، entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial skills at the top and then skills placed at the end of their attention respectively 4. 19، 4. 14، and 4. 04. The results of priority setting showed that، in the knowledge area، marketing and financing needs and awareness of the law and provisions of the business and commerce. In relation to the skills، the results showed working with limited resources، ability to provide content، creativity in designing and production، and the attitude included awareness، assiduity، initial interest and being clear career path to the highest priorities first. The result of ANOVA showed that only there were significant differences between the groups in their age in the skill. The results showed that young people in all three dimensions require training and education and therefore policymakers and planners should pay attention to the young people in the rural areas. The managers should also assess not only the young people، but also all beneficiaries. Studies showed that entrepreneurship can be taught، however the first important step in the educational planning process is identifying the desired goals. We think this result is not only true for Varamin، Tehran، Iran، but also can be a case in the globe. In addition، this result can be extended for all industry.

Entrepreneurship is the main axes of development of each country. Entrepreneurship as an effective strategy to solve the problems of unemployment، economic development، poverty alleviation and social justice، especially in rural communities، is need. Since، women are a large part of the rural population and their entrepreneurship is important. The aim of this study was to assess the capabilities، constraints، and ultimately provide solutions for women entrepreneurship development in rural Gurabpass. Evaluation of the entrepreneurial process is important for the following reasons: The first reason is that entrepreneurship actives innovation and technological changes. So، it can create economic growth. Second reason، “on the basis of whatever economists have expressed” is that entrepreneurial activity is a process which are in balance by supply and demand. The third reason is that entrepreneurship is an important process which makes a move from new knowledge to goods and services. Fourth، it is an important profession that we need to know its role and function in development of human and intellectual capital. The aim of this study was to assess the capabilities، constraints، and ultimately provide solutions for women entrepreneurship development in rural Gurabpass. This research is applicable and the survey was conducted. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: The root of entrepreneurship term is belonging to French literature. Joseph Schumpeter (1911) believed that entrepreneurship is the engine of economic development. Reagan (2002) is believed that، rural entrepreneurship، providing employment، increasing income and wealth، and improves the quality of life and help the local people to participate in economic activities. Entrepreneurship barriers is divided in three categories by Mohammadi (1390): cultural، social and economic. Sayyed Hassan Motiee Langroodi et empowerment (1390) factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas malayer city looked beats and Samen. The results of this research have been shown that personality and environmental factors impact in increasing of rural capability for building and business development. Alidoust S. (1391) in her article titled “priority of barriers in development of rural women entrepreneurship in city of Garmsar” announced that economic and educational barriers are to the most important barriers in pathway of the development of rural women entrepreneurship، respectively This research is applied and the method has been used is qualitative and quantitative. for data collection، library’s and field studies have been used. In field studies، data in two parts of personal information and barriers of development of rural women entrepreneurship has been collected and completed in the form of questionnaires. For additional information، in addition of questionnaires; interviews، observation، photograph and etc. has been used. After data collection، SPSS software for coding has been used and after data entry، process has been done. To define and analysis of data، a factor analysis (principal component rotation method، varimax method of Kaiser criterion)، were used. DISCUSSION & In this study، data was collected in order to investigation of barriers and capabilities of development of rural women Entrepreneurship and by use of rotating method، main components، Varimax and Kaiser Criteria were factor analyzed. Field data showed that women living in studied range have necessary capabilities for development of entrepreneurship and creation of business. Three factors include of “motivation and perseverance، personality and rural capabilities for women entrepreneurship development” were identified in studied area، respectively. Five hinder entrepreneurship development were identified in order of priority are: cultural barriers - learning، lack of facilities، lack of financial resources، both public and personal obstacles. However، field data showed that these people have not benefited from effective training and efficient. The results shown that the women’s living in this rural، have motivation، perseverance and individual ability to be an entrepreneur. Also، there is a natural and historical context such as cave Fusheh، castles Rod- khan، lush landscapes and untouched forests in the district of Gurabpass for development of entrepreneurship. SUGGESTIONS: Therefore، we concluded that this rural and their women’s have good abilities for entrepreneurship development. By reducing the barriers of entrepreneurial، rural development is possible in this village by their women.

The natural resources of any community are the wealth of there that not only do belong to the current generation, but also are heritages that would belong to the futures and are one of the inherent bases from human beings life. Revival natural resources are the widest resources of the environment from the earth and for their role which have in control of surface water, conflict with air pollution, conflict with soil erosion and maintenance and produce of it, prevention from sound pollution of environment,, reduction of climate in one region, prevention from earth. ., produces of drug and industrial materials and the balance of hesitancies, are the basic factors in the process of sustainable development. For this reason, preserve, recovery and correct exploitation from these areas is considered the constitute duties of international institutions, governments, non-governmental organizations, local constitutions and nature friends. While per 1 min, 200tons of soil from the surface of farms and jungles is sent to seas, lakes and the back of dams per minute. In fact,annually consistentlyabout 20 tons per hectare of soil are washed by effect of water erosion in Iran which means the loss of 76 kg nitrogen, 24 kg phosphor and 8 kg potash per hectare and if we calculate the price of nutrition in soil, we will lose annually about 7.6 million $ of micronutrients inside the soil. In present conditions, success of environmental organizations in disseminating preservation innovations of environment and much more exploitation of preserve operations for developing countries require the existence a type of reality attitude and yet is holistic and systemic to influential factors on environmental behavior in acceptance of conservation innovations which this study follows that.

Development projects and trade plans in Iran and many developing countries have been criticized for their detrimental effects on various aspects، and sustainability at large. Accordingly، there is a widespread consensus about the importance of impact assessment of these plans on rural areas. Then، in line with the triple bottom line approach from sustainable development، the impact assessment is of particular important in considering the sustainability of development project and plans. In this regard، establishing Border Markets are one of these plans that the government implemented to develop regions specially border areas in Iran. The basic goals ratified by these border markets are: to raise the socioeconomic standard of living of local people، to create permanent legal jobs، to reduce smuggling، and finally to provide legal sources of revenue for them. It is while that seems the common border markets of Iran which have been established to improve the welfare and income of local people have not been so much successful in attainment of their goals، and unemployment، smuggling، and illegal trades in border towns are still tough problems for people and government authorities. The Sero Border Market is a plan to develop border region especially rural areas of Somae-Barasou County. Somae-Brasou is located in the west of West Azerbaijan Province، at a distance of 45 KMs from Urmia، the capital town of the province. It neighbors Turkey. The Sero Border Market as a great development plan in the West Azarbaijan province was started in 1991 in high potential region. Establishing the market potentially caused many social، economic and environmental changes in surrounding rural areas. Therefore، the objects of this study were: • To screen the impacts of Sero Border Market on development of surrounding rural areas; • To scope the impacts of Sero Border Market on development of surrounding rural areas; and • To model rang and levels of Sero Border Market’s impacts. The study will make certain suggestions to raise local people’s income resources، to increase exports and therefore to raise foreign exchange revenues، to develop business knowledge of local people، and finally make some practical and useful suggestions to correct and improve the performance of common border markets. The study was discovery quantitative research methodology. The research method also was descriptive-analytical in the form of comparative approach. The comparative design is an accepted research technique for exploring the impacts that cannot be manipulated experimentally. Statistic population of the study was the rural people who lived in the villages that surrounding by the market. For this purpose، the villages were categorized in three group distance of three، six، and nine kilometers from the market with the aid of Arc-GIS software. Fifteen villages are investigated in the study. Six villages from the first، six from the second، and three from the third layer were selected and investigated. The sample size of the rural people was determined by using the sampling size table given by Patten. The final sample included 204 heads of households from villages with the market were selected. Accordingly، 40 % of rural people in each village participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data with the aid of questionnaire containing open and closed questions. For this purpose، a complete list of the items regarding impacts was developed. The impact items were categorized in 10 impact criteria by a panel of experts. They include: demographic characteristics، structure، perceived wellbeing، social capital، social participation، social structure development، quality of life، agriculture، and economic conditions، conservation of community resources، and living pattern and model. Due to determining the reliability of the questionnaire، internal contingency by Cronbach’s Alpha value was implemented that the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient (0. 66 to 0. 84) were confirmed the questionnaire. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical package (version 19 for widows)، which consisted of reliability measures، ANOVA test، and path analysis. A significance level of 0. 05 was used to establish statistical significance. Findings showed that the market has declined some criteria such as social welfare، rural economic، development of handicraft، social participation، and quality of life. Meanwhile، the great declining was in the rural people''s economic criteria. In the other hands، social welfare، rural economic، development of handicraft، social participation، and quality of life were declined by the Sero Border Market. Also، the market has had an impact only on the villages at a distance of six kilometers. Furthermore، results of a path analysis suggested that the age، income and attitude toward the market were the most factors explaining evaluation towards impacts of border market of Sero.

According to increasing awareness about abuse of modern technologies in many field on natural resources and traditional values of communities، especially، rural values، indigenous knowledge has been emphasized as an important base for successful and effective science to development. Indigenous knowledge (IK) is socio-economically affordable، sustainable، involves minimum risk to rural farmers and producers، and it is better for conserving natural resources. Attention to this kind of knowledge is needed and introduction for local and comprehensive development because، it result from direct experiments of natural environment that tie to identifying of cultural situation and social environment of these communities. Rural communities’ indigenous knowledge is one of the most important tools for coping with environmental، social and economical problems for rural life continuity. In recent years، despite to replacement of modern knowledge with past local and indigenous approaches، social and environmental impacts of modern technologies، has increased requirements of back to previous approaches and integrating indigenous knowledge with modern for gaining the best results of development. IK is an important part of the various fields، including agriculture، health، veterinary، and arts and crafts. For instance، the agricultural practices have increasingly proved to be productive، sustainable and ecologically sound، even under extraordinarily difficult conditions due to the utilization of IK in developing countries. In the social sciences، there are basically two approaches for carrying out: research quantitative (relational) and qualitative (explanatory). Considering to the nature of the study، the qualitative approach has been adopted to carryout research. The study investigates how we learn from local people and how they perceive، value، use and conserve the environment and natural resources (Braiones، 1996 and Mandonda، 1997). This study presents preliminary findings from a mixed methods research project and the primary objective of this paper is to identify the Indigenous Knowledge used in sustainable agriculture. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the importance of managing indigenous knowledge for sustainable Agricultural performances in the developing countries. Therefore، current paper، measuring and assessing the role of rural indigenous knowledge in Gogtapeh rural district from Bilehsavar County on agricultural economic development by descriptive- analyzing methodology، is the main goal of research. For this regard، we use of field study and data gathering by questionnaire in case of study area. Our sample study includes 298 farmers of sample rural that chose by Cochran formula. In the semi-structured interviews، 298 smallholder farmers participated in the study، where 88% were men and 12% were women. The gendered nature of the social، culture، economic and policy systems may have limited women farmers from participating in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 42، where the majority of the respondents (41. 9%) were between 30 to 430 years، while (27. 2%) respondents were between 20 to 30 years، and (21. 5%) respondents were 40 to50 years. The findings showed that (64%) respondents had some level of formal schooling and about (36%) had College education. After data gathering and analyzing in SPSS software، gained result show that indigenous knowledge had a less than medium effect on economical dimensions as like as income، rate of production، decreasing of production cost، parsimony in production resources and had a significant effect on environmental and natural resource of rural area. Dependence to new technologies and its tools and low level of farmers risk acceptability are the main causes for these results. Also، based on VICOR techniques، Damircheloo and Babak rural points had most and less effect from indigenous knowledge in agricultural development. There is much to learn from the IK system if we are to move toward interactive technology development from the conventional transfer of technology approach، it is feasible، efficient and cost effective to learn from the village – level experts. The study findings showed that IK can be used to manage agricultural in the local Communities. Indigenous knowledge should be recorded and used to devise innovative research for agricultural researchers، extension workers، development practioners، and environmentalists for sustainable agriculture development and management of natural resources. Understanding and conserving Indigenous Knowledge will help to sustain farming practices which will not cause so much plant genetic erosion and environmental deterioration. Indigenous knowledge should cater for sustainable food security and conservation of the variety and variability of animals، plants and very vital soil properties such as physical، biological and chemical properties. Traditional knowledge is vital to sustainable development of natural resources. Sustainable agriculture development and conservation of resources could be significantly advanced if modern scientific knowledge could be incorporated with the traditional knowledge system. From the foregoing interaction with the farmers، it can be concluded that they have experiential wisdom which they use to conserve and select location specific indigenous paddy varieties for obtaining sustainable yields. Poor socio-economic conditions and risk prone biophysical conditions of farming do not permit the adoption of high energy based farming technologies by the tribal’s.

The youth of today and tomorrow as manufacturers، our country plays an important role in the sustainable development of the country. In the rural youth are very important. Because they are produced in the country is very important. On the other hand، young people through the «career development» seeking social mobility and change their social status are somewhat unrealistic and utopian forgot to think about. But it seems some factors can encourage rural youth to live and work in the rural environment. Especially rural youth living in rural and prevents premature and dangerous migration to the cities. That''s why one of the most important tasks of the government''s awareness of the needs and desires of young people by trying to achieve this goal. Now the efforts of developing countries to preserve their employment conditions of rural youth in rural areas and to provide career opportunities for agriculture to provide jobs for rural youth. However، factors such as education، media and facilities in cities and gap between urban and rural areas has led to increased levels of rural youth aspirations and desires and even the tendency to be different. All these factors have left their migration the villages to urban by young people. This study was conducted to assess the fixation and life satisfaction of rural youth and its impact on participation in agricultural activities according to the descriptive - correlation method.

The youth rural population of the city of Kermanshah were investigated using a multi-stage sampling، 250 person were selected as sample. Data collection was done by questionnaire that received its validity by faculty members of Razi University of Kermanshah and its reliability by alpha Cronbach`s 0. 79. Data analysis was done by SPSS. The study of the nature of qualitative research، the purpose of the application to the facts and data processing methods in the investigation of description-correlation. Face and content validity to the questionnaire، 10 members of the academic disciplines and Measurement، rural sociology، agricultural extension and rural planning and scholars and experts and Agriculture Organization of Kermanshah line after study profound questions and comments questionnaire items were declared themselves after interviews with these people and discuss theories about the reform was necessary. Data analysis was performed using Spss. The descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation of the statistical correlation and regression. Disscosion: Our results indicate that mean and standard deviation of fixation of young people face to their villages was 3. 65 and 0. 46، respectively and mean and standard deviation of their life satisfaction was modest 2. 90 and 1. 03، respectively. The result showed Culture in the village accepted it and believe، that''s the most important issues of rural youth belonging to remember. Youth participation in the agricultural activity included: Dismantling، transporting the product to the warehouse، segmentation، plowing and leveling land. The results indicate that young people in rural areas are still things that are very valuable to them. It is suggested that with respect to these beliefs، conditions and opportunities for young people in rural areas to maintain these associations، youth participation in agricultural and live-action are interested in the countryside. The highest youth participation in agricultural activities in the field of agriculture. So it was fitting that the young people in other fields-are involved، and this requires knowledge and training. As the results showed، rural youth، educational facilities، health services were moderately satisfied. Youth from rural facilities are satisfactory overall average.

Youth participation in agricultural activities، agricultural activities were assessed as relatively good. Linear regression showed that 43% of changes in the dependent variable (participation in agricultural activities) is explained by the two independent variables (fixation and rural life satisfaction). The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction and sense of belonging to the youth of the village and the city of Kermanshah''s participation in agricultural activities. As the results showed، the highest level of education to young people with education diploma accounted-up (5/34%)، which indicates the fact that the later years، the level of education of the youth of the village at the bottom is located. It is suggested that planners and policy-makers in their programs cover the maximum attention to rural education. As a result، it increases the level of youth participation in agricultural activities. It is recommended that a condition be provided to the satisfaction of youth from rural areas and improved facilities and to increase the youth belonging to the villages. As a result، it increases the level of youth participation in agricultural activities.