فصلنامه زن در فرهنگ و هنر (پژوهش زنان)
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پاییز 1391)

Theorization in sociological literature in general and in sociology of the family in particular suffers from conceptual confusion. The proposer of the concept: “Iranian Tripod System” tries to analyze the family situation and its changes in Iran through modernity. The present paper studies the conceptual framework of Iranian Tripod System and its related quadrilateral concepts: “Iranian Society”, “Iranian Family”, “Iranian Woman”, and “Specific Iranian Feminism” with a detailed oriented view to the culture, which suffers from conceptual shortcomings and analytical discontinuity in explaining the situation of the family and the relationship between the government and religion. Conceptual shortcomings of this view are mostly proposed as questions which are mainly left unanswered by the writer or formed inconsistently. In general it seems that the conceptual and theoretical frameworks of the view which are sometimes used in course books of sociology and women’s and family studies need to be reviewed and coordinated.

Social and cultural harms of female students such as abnormal behavior, less useful leisure, identity confusion, drug use, sex crimes, political apathy or aggression, etc. can be observed among university students which are generally caused by external factors. Studies in this field are few especially for female students. Subjects are also non-functional and the results are unclear and they are irrelevant to the cultural strategies. Lack of studies to identify social harms indicates the need to make policies and plans for conducting research and reducing social harms at universities. This study tries to examine social and cultural damages among university students with the focus on girl students. The research was conducted through documentary and meta analysis methods. Through indexing, screening, and validating available studies, 16 studies and scientific documents were selected and their specifications as well as their results were meta analyzed. Findings show that: identifying social harms of female students, reviewing the strategies and observing the way they are performed, training educated manpower, appropriate cultural arrangements, making use of academic and educational data of consultation committees for students, applying useful cultural methods, making use of social workers, are all the ways to realize cultural strategies and reduce social harms among students. Social harms of girl students are related to their mental harms and appropriate cultural plans and policies must be decided for them

In pre-Islamic rituals and religions many goddesses used to be worshiped especially in the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Elam and Greece. A number of gods such as fertility god, grain god, land god, agriculture god, and water god were female. Several temples were built to worship them. However female gods were not very powerful and goddesses received a part of their power from male gods. The goddesses had the minor power and in particular conditions they were defeated by male gods. Indeed the power of male and female gods was affected by men’s desire for superiority. This research has been conducted by survey_ explanation method and tries to examine factors influencing sacred views towards women in ancient civilization of Mesopotamia, Elam and Greece to pay. Although there were also female gods in countries such as Iran and Egypt, many of them were influenced by the Mesopotamian civilization. It seems that woman’s power of birth giving and her early relationship with the emergence of agriculture have been important in view towards woman to be sacred.

This paper is concerned with the representation of women in Kurdish proverbs based on social interpretive approach and through emic orientation. Considering the constitutive function of common sense to produce social knowledge, the paper aims to explore the situation given to women in Kurdish proverbs as a part of oral literature. In this respect, the women-related proverbs have been purposively sampled and analyzed using thematic procedures, while the in-depth interviews with informants have been conducted for further interpretations of the data. The findings demonstrated that the Kurdish proverbs attributed a diverse and often contradictory set of locations and interpretations to women. Using thematic analysis, seven main themes were extracted from data which include: Women as irrational, as equal to men, as subordinate, as the other one, as sacred, as powerful and as a mysterious subject. All these themes are covered by a core category entitled “Kurdish woman as an Uncertain Subject”. The above main themes have been discussed and documented referring to a number of sample proverbs.

The subject of womanhood is an attempt to explain why the woman is a symbol of self. I will start the paper with the story of “A’arabi and the Caliph” from the view point of symbol and then I will continue with the definition of self, symbol, why the woman is a symbol of self as it is believed by mystics. The allegorical result based on Najm Razi’s theory shows the accompaniment of self with wisdom causes the manifestation of love in the wayfarer. Through the enigma of “He who knows himself, has known God” and with a critical view to the belief that the woman is the symbol of self based on divine Quran verses it has been proved that walking towards God is not only for men but also for women to reach eminent place of a perfect human and the love of God.

Palestinian women have not only collaborated with men in issues such as social, political and cultural affairs but also in literary fields. They have even been pioneer in some fields. A number of senses of contemporary Palestinian poetries have been considered by both genders which include different types of sentimental poetries such as ghazals and love poems. Although ghazal has been among the most important types of Palestinian poetry for long, there are certain differences between female ghazals and the male ones, which is an indication of physical and psychological differences between them. This research tries to study those differences and to find out the reasons. The research methods have been documentary and library methods. As a result women, in their poems, pay less attention to physical and beauty attractions in their love poems. Instead, sentimental symbols have been considered by female poets and they use more codes and metaphors compared to male poets.

Supposing the reciprocity of relations between society and media, it is logical to investigate the social changes of women’s identity through inspecting the changes in women’s identity representation in media (particularly cinema). This paper aims to analyze the mutual effects of predominant social affairs of after-Islamic revolution of Iran on the manner of women’s representation in Iran’s cinema. In fact, it intends to clarify whether the mainstream cinema at this juncture in history has an considerable effect on the manner the women’s identity represented in cinema.This research shows that the social changes accompanied by more progressive cultural representation of women’s social identity in Iran cinema.