فصلنامه زن در فرهنگ و هنر (پژوهش زنان)
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار 1393)

Access to development and life quality improvement are ideals that all the time has involved human’s mind. Nowadays development phenomenon besides economic programs contains cultural and social subject. One of the important subjects in development part is women's issues. In these days, even though trend to women's issues in new approaches of development has increased, but in many countries several problems of women are observed. Goal of this research is evaluation of women's position in development programs after revolution and concentration to women's issues, also we want to know reflex ions of approaches on goals, policies, model, program's quantitative indices and its implementations (with emphasis on Amartyasen's approaches). Thus a relevant index has been considered. Applied method is descriptive and analytical. Analyses have been chosen based on theory pattern that is institutionalism with special emphasis on Amartyasen's approaches. Two important and necessary concentration to women's role in development with Amartyasen's approach is better function observation about potentialities, appropriate condition in education, health, employment in women centric issues and gender inequalities negative role in other inequalities increase. Research results demonstrate differences between sen's opinions and first and second development programs is too much and the most important factor in this incompatibility is that these development programs are based on economic growth. Third development program (Gender Empowerment), education, health, employment, policitical participation and etc, are goals that are based on sen's approach and education, health, employment and political participation are considered. In the fourth development program, women participation development is emphasized and the government must follow program's goals about women. Dominant view in the fourth development program is the idea of gender and development. Improvement of life quality that is considered through substantial changes in economic, educational and health parameters. In some cases, women has been given more priority and adapted based on Amartyasen's approach. An overview on human development, gender development and Gender Empowerment indices express during first to fourth development programs, women's situation such as health and education has been relatively improved. Although indices show fewer ratios for women. In other cases such as women's income proportion, participation rate in labor force, proportion of parliament's chairs, proportion of high level managerial and legislation hasn’t changed in this period.

Internet addiction refers to excessive using of the internet (daily over 3 hours). This phenomenon as a illness, psychological or social harm, is a widespread problem with serious consequences for the students, is increasing. The present study aimed to investigate the related factors with internet addiction among female students of Yazd University residing in dormitory at academic year 2012-2013. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. 335 students were selected through cluster sampling. The research tools were Internet Addiction Scale, NEO Five Personality Factors Inventory and Glass's Perception of Social Interaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by correlation coefficient, independent t test and regression analysis. The results showed a significant relationship between personality types and internet addiction at p<0.01 and p<0/001 level. There was also a significant relationship between personality types and perception of social interaction at p<0/01 and p<0.01 level. Also, the results showed a significant relationship between perception of social interaction with Internet addiction at p<0.001 level. There was a significant relationship between undergraduate and graduate students in the rate of internet addiction (p=0/01) but there was no significant relationship between two groups in the rate of perception of social interaction.

Focusing on two works of Iranian women from two generations, this paper aims to demonstrate Women Writing Tradition based on the views of Gynocritics point of view. Due to the complexity and the various interpretations in Feminism literary criticism, an elaborated review will be provided. Elaine Showalter considers three phases in women’s writing which are Femininity, Feminist and Female. In order to meet the comprehensiveness of the thesis, we took a look at the form and narration style of these works and applied them in determining the Writing Tradition of these two writers. We showed that women writing tradition in Iran had its own fluctuations and after passing the imitation/ femininity period, it passes over feminist writing toward female writing. The best example of this is the novel “I turn off the lights” by Zoya Pirzad. Although this work as an example of Female Tradition, is itself inter-textual. It can scaffold other works in future by other authors who can represent their innovations and novel styles in women writing tradition through interaction with such works.

Draw a story (DAS), by Integrate story and drawing, attempt to enter to child's emotional world, and provided valuable information about the inner world of children's that they are not able to express them, due verbal and cognitive limitations. The aim of present study was to evaluate Emotional content, self- image and use of humor in children of elementary school and investigate Gender differences, age and Socioeconomic Status on these constructs by Psychological analysis of the content of children's stories. In this survey study and casual-comparative study, a sample of 500 primary school students from Shiraz were selected through evaluated by Draw a story test. Data was analyzed using MANOVA. Result showed that girls vs boys, high Socioeconomic vs low Socioeconomic were obtained higher scores in Emotional content, self- image and use of humor Moreover, while increasing age, children 's scores increased on measures of emotional content, self-image and use of humor.

Marriage among siblings has remained a controversial subject in the study of ancient Iranian customs and rites, especially in regard to Zoroastrianism. There have been endless debates on the existence of such a custom in ancient Iran. What have largely remained unnoticed in such a study are the religious beliefs of the ancient Iranians in the primitive forms of totemism. Totemism is an ancient form of religion that existed amongst many communities and many scholars believe that it rejected marriage between brothers and sisters and instead encouraged marriage with non-relatives in society. The present research attempts to: a. reflect some of the research done on marriage amongst siblings in ancient Zoroastrian Iran, b. use evidence from Shahnameh as well as Zoroastrian texts to show the existence of totemism in ancient Iran, c. consider such diverse researchers and scholars’ views as Freud, Durkheim, and Strauss in consolidating the theory that a totemistic society would hardly allow such marriages.

The aim of this study was to analyze the semiotic representation of patterns in the television series of male and female relationships. Therefore, using a semiotic approach to examine three popular Iranian TV series in years 2009, 2010 and 2011 were examined. The results shown that male and female relationships in several TV series, three different pattern: "tradition discourse", "semi-traditional discource" and "modern discourse." Each of these patterns have been identified in various media messages. tradition Discource, is characterized by No relationship between male and female. But the semi-traditional discource is accepted a limited and legitimate part of the traditional relationship between a boy and girl before marriage. In both cases, the specified view is with a good representation. On the other hand, have also been encountered in the national media with the pattern representation of the modern discourse of male and female relationships. Characteristic of modern patterns, is forming strong relationships before marriage between male and female; Modern discourse, has always been associated with negative representation in the National media in Iran. Conflict between "tradition and modernity" and "love of wisdom" was a major confrontation in the series television in Iran.

The overall objective of this study was effect of increasing interest in science and women in family and graduate courses and the meeting the expectations of the curriculum courses. Methods used in combination (quantitative - qualitative) the type of research was exploratory. Tools used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews that their validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated experts comments and 0/89 are estimated. The Population included all female students in their last year of graduate school at the University of Isfahan that were in the academic year1390-91 And the sample size was estimated 254 person using Cochran's sample size formula. Quantitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the lack of interest in science and the development of personal and family life improvements in the MSc course. Interviews with the questionnaire findings are not consistent. Results also revealed that demographic variables had no effect on the variables studied. Quantitative conclusions about fulfilling the expectations of the curriculum and syllabus indicates that student's expectations are not.

Ezzel-din Manasereh is one of the contemporary and prominent poets of Palestine whose newly comments in the realm of Palestine and resistance poem have endued him with a special place in contemporary literature due to his modern delineation in critique. Traditional characters and in particular mythical and folk female characters in Ezzel-din’s poem have great vibrancy which inspire the poet under the influences of cultural, political and social factors to insinuate aforementioned concepts in an artistic way. He invites everyone to resistance in front of the occupants and protection of Arabic and national identity using mythical female character. And thus he challenges the political and social events of his time. Applied myths in Manasereh’s poem are mostly national, Arabic and native and rarely religious. He takes advantage of myths which represent resistance and national identity and heritage such as: Zarghae, Yammameh, Maryam and Jafra. Besides national and Arabic myths he also has made use of Greece and Mesopotamian myths. As it is obvious in his poems he seldom uses Western myths and mostly depends on national origins and sources.Mythical female characters and their variations in Manasereh’s poems have been studied here. These myths are native and locally and sometimes Grecian originated and are derived from his national and transnational beliefs.