فصلنامه زن در فرهنگ و هنر (پژوهش زنان)
سال ششم شماره 4 (زمستان 1393)

Music in Iran, has a long history. In the early Islamic period, music was denounced. In the Umayyad period, the music still faced opposition from some jurisprudents and a group of Muslims. But in the next century, according to welcome many governments and scientific attitude, many scholars and scientists of that era, the arts, public attention was located. Apply the role women played on clay during the Seljuk and Ilkhanid done for many reasons. These designs can be a valuable resource to check the state of the art music and social status of women. This article is followed by the study of pottery designs, the Islamic center, located in the artistic treasures and ancient texts according to the social status of women and their role in the evolution of musical artists of that era's music. The aim of the study is of fundamental research and research methodology, historical analysis. Methods of data collection and the study pottery museum, at different periods, especially the middle period Islam, the centrality the role of women is has been studied. Studies show that many of the musicians of that time, such as female musician in his community were of suitable social status. The designs of ceramics of this period shows that more women instruments, strings and a percussion playing.

The social role of women compared with men from the perspective of Quran and hadith. In the Quran, men and women are Equal, in terms of human dignity and spiritual interest and faith; but God did not speak to women immediately and directly; especially in law verses, God speaks to men directly but he speaks to women as a third person(hidden person). In this paper this problem were analyzed in view of divine-social tasks in the Quran and it became clear that God has gave the hidden roles to the women when he divided the social roles. Just as God has gave this role as a gift to some of his favored servants who presented in Quran. Sometimes hidden role is more important and effective than famous role. Usage of third person pronouns stresses on hidden role of women in society. Also this paper explains about inner and divine truth of hidden role of women and its effect on perfection of women.

Expansion of cities in modern times with special complexity in one hand, and the issue of public areas and spaces, and possibility and quality of presence of women of this spaces in other hand, led to that the issue of women and cities enter in urban sociology. Feminist scholars believe that the city is made up by men, and women have little or no role in the design and handle it. In the possession Urban areas, men and women are unequal. And the constant struggle to reclaim their right of space, women are forced to negotiate in various forms. There are many restrictions for women in using of public spaces. This study try to explore the experience and perceptions of women's participation in and access to urban spaces designed. So, The method of research is qualitative method and with 20 women from Ilam semi-structured interviews have been done. The results show that feminine body us one of the most important factors of limiting, and fear of aggression and rape keeps women from urban areas. Designed environment that not considered to women with chidren and housewives, as well as, the special physiology of women, has important role in this limiting. On the other hand, social and cultural factors in city are very important that participation of women is subject to the social constructed conditions and this conditions make women dependent to their husbands or children or other family member.

The mate selection is the effect or cause of the love and romantic relationship between today generations. Scarce sociological researches necessitate it′s studing. So, the main purpose of this research is the deep understanding of romantic relationship and it′s damaging aspects among women. This study attempts to investigate the love concept, tendency reasons of women to the romantic relationship and how they interact at such relations. It uses a qualitative research along with case study method. Theoretical sampling according to the theoretical saturation and analytic induction made selecting of 20 women who experience romantic relationships. Results showed that emotional reduction and strict importance of emotional need obviation can to generate unequal romantic relationship so women consider the love as emotional shelter while authoritarian /neglecting family and emotional rivalry among friends network intensify the emotional need of women therefore they look to the loveable person who is exclusive source of emotional need obviation. In conclusion, they proceed behavioral passivity and identical simulation while they confronting loveable person and interpret the control and violence at their relationship as intimacy symbols and ignore their individually interests to maintain the amorous contact. Consequences of these procedures are social neglect of woman than other social relations and social norms and facing potential damages if the emotional breakage occurs.

Our knowledge about the different parts of the median society due to the shortage of historical sources and archaeological evidences is very incomplete and fragmentary and therefore detailed assessment about some characteristics of this community, including its women conditions, is difficult and often ambiguous. The results of this research based on the historical sources and archaeological evidence relating to this period Show that median society, like their other Contemporary societies was a Patriarchal society in which the father was on the head of the family and others including the lady of the house were his Followers. In Traditional Median’s society was defined men’s and women’s jobs and both Gender have their own tasks based on their physical and mental capabilities and abilities. In addition, it seems that women have had role in decision making within the family, strengthening its foundations, protection of family’s traditions and dynamism economy of family and median society.

The Mādayān ī hazār dādestān «The book of thousand judgements» only incomplete menuscripts of several legal collection Sasanian era is at hand. We don’t have information about the life of Farroxmard Vahrāmān (F son V) collector its. In principle, it is possible under the reign of Khosrow Parviz, the last king, listed in the book is written. This article will examine the legal term swap «gōhrēn kardan» in the book of thousand judgements. gōhrēn and gōhrēn kardan the law has been used in three sentences of this book. By examining the these three sentences, the legal term is interpreted, the pursuit of law and legal issues, Sasanian Iran, worked in family law gōhrēn kardan/ exchange to see a new phenomenon. The role of women in trad, represent a serious presence in the Social and Economic fields order to reinforce the family goes.

Fiction because of charisma and a special charm، also has a special place and is considered an important literary device; the most important task of story is to promote the moral and spiritual virtues of characters and to fight evil and injustices. Therefore dedicated novelist should try not only to entertain the reader but also to be aware of his ultimate goal; which is to teach and to inform his reader. Najib kilani، a prominent Islamic scholar and novelist in the contemporary period، also believes that by including different characters in the story; they can educate Islamic duty and religious lifestyle to the younger generation. In this article we try to assess the characterization of female in three novels، that is، «The long path، Killer of Hamza، The man who converted to Islam» which are social، historical and Islamic، respectively. He has used direct and indirect characterization methods and employed every type of personality، including static and dynamic، positive and negative. Female characters in all the three novels are secondary type which kilani has used them with expertise to achieve his main goals، that is، promoting Islamic culture.

The clothing of women depicted by artists under Timurid and Safavid dynasties is well represented in the surviving illustrations of Shahnameh Baisonghor and Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp. A descriptive-analytical survey of the related historical documents and a comparison of the illustrations of these two Shahnameh books will contribute to answering the following questions: from which aspects do the representations of the clothing of women in the two books conform to each other? What was the function of ornament in the women's clothing under Timurid and Safavid dynasties?The clothing of women in these two periods can be classified into three main parts, namely, head-wear, body-wear, and leg-wear. In general, the representations of women's clothing in the two books are based on three features, i.e. ornamentation, the social status of women, and necessity of hijab. These features were realized in each book according to the governing norms as well as the individual taste of the illustrators. What is common between the two periods is the high regard in illustrations for women of all social strata in order to foreground their importance in the society.