فصلنامه زن در فرهنگ و هنر (پژوهش زنان)
سال هفتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1394)

This article is an attempt to explore the subject of divorcee in narrative and visual content of Iranian cinema. Therefore, by applying constructionist approach in Representation theory of Stuart Hall as the main theoretical framework and using Roland Barthes’ structural analysis of narrative and John Fiske’s semiotic analysis in three levels of reality codes, representation and ideology, Esterahate Motlagh and Nahid movies have been analyzed and evaluated.
The result of the paper showed that: 1. Both films have the three- part narrative structure, 2. The story take places in the urban space, 3. Crises that divorced woman is faced, make up the most important themes in movies, 4. Tactful woman is the most important type in both, 5. Showing patriarchy, wise woman in the face of irrational man and the predominance of evil over goodness, are the most important ideological issues which have been mentioned and portrayed in the movies.

The Study of effective factors , on the rate of cosmetics use among female students .
This article aims to investigate effective factors , on the rate of ‘cosmetics use’ among female students of Kerman Azad University . The research method was Survey , and data collected by questionnaire . Statistical population comprises all of the female students of kerman Azad University ( N = 5413 ) and sample size is 378 students . Theoretical framework extracted from theories of Bourdieu, Giddens and Turner . Findings indicated that variables such as seeking diversity , consumerism , cultural capital , media consumption, reflexive identity, social class, tendency to cosmetic, age, and level of education had significant relationship with the rate of cosmetics use. Generally independent variables explained 37 percent of dependent variable. Variable of ‘seeking diversity’ was the best determinant of cosmetics use among the female students.

The remained visual sources of Qajar art works can be studied as one of the referable, valid evidences for identifying the women's roles and identity during this period. For this respect‚ the illustrations of the Arabian Nights manuscript by Sani Al-Molk is considered as one of the references recognizing the womanʼs presence during Qajar period. This superb art work has some exclusive features distinguish the collection from the similar ones made in the same period; and the painterʼs use of social sources and contemporary, real persons and places for drawing the illustrations. The study aims to describe the women's social status in the Qajar era‚ using the itineraries and other written sources‚ and comparing it with the pictures of the collection and also, tries to answer the question “has Sani Al-Molk used his contemporary social references for drawing the women in the manuscript?” This paper which is based on the documented studies, is focused on the paintings which show the stronger woman’s attendance. According to the findings of this paper‚ Sani Al-Molk did not absolutely apply the social sources of his age for picturing the women at his manuscript.

Social capital become an important subject in recent decade and seriously considered in the physical and human capital, as well as this complex, multi-faceted concept is one of the most important dynamic elements of social, cultural, economic and generate concept in any society, organization and institution. In addition, one of the most important criteria to measure the degree of development of a country is the significance of women role as half of the population. Thus the main purpose of this research is to study social capital among employee women.
The method of research was survey by using of questionnaire technique. In order to measure ratability and validity we use Cronbach's coefficient alpha and two type of validity including face and construe validity.employee women selected by random sample in industrial estate in Tehran. Finding have shown that the amount of social capital among these women was average. this result show show the distribution of social capital.

The "alien - enemy" archetype in cultural history of Iran often emerge in different forms and examples of hostility and alienation such as Tatar and Mongol. Mongol savagery and brutality on Iranians, was so severe that after a hard attack and murder and plunder, for centuries, they were an example for each type of attack. Gradually Mongol's attacks changed from historical form and remain in a mythical way in our literature and culture. This article describes, how the myth of Mongol formed in our cultural history and signifies in particular, in the works of "Bahram Beyzai". The main feature of his fctional narratives is an active participation of women in the context of the narration. The purpose of this study, is analyzing the struggle of "champion- trickster" women, against the myth of the Mongols, in the "Bahram Beyzai" narrations. Plays and screenplays that are considered in this study include: ” Fathnameye kalat”,”mire kafanpush tales”, “ayyare tanha”,”ayyarname” and “tarajname”. The research is descriptive- analytical, so that at first we will express the way that Beyzai uses to describe myth of the Mongols, then five works that in particular, are about women's struggle with Mongol in the narrations, would be analyzed.

Assigned roles and the enacted roles are two types of investigable roles in the social life. Some of these roles are assigned to women in the Islamic society based on Quranic verses and traditions, which have been named according to the sociology of roles assigned to women in Islamic society. Subordinate to social terms along with the demands of Islam and relying on grounds and factors in the Islamic society, these roles are enforced and strengthened.
Some of these factors were endorsed provisions of the Prophet (PBUH) and have already existed either basically or with low effect, based on the inherent circumstances and factors in the community. Some of these roles have been created by being established in Islam and the holy religion of Islam besides granting these roles, by referring to them has tried to elevate their social status and position. What is being addressed in this article is explanation of endorsed and the established provisions of Islam and the Prophet (PBUH) in delegating and strengthening the assigned role of women in Islamic society, and that the raised questions will be answered along with documentations by analytical-descriptive method based on historical references.

In Zoroastrian law there several indication that denote to the temporary marriage as a legal institution and this can be compared to the one in Imami jurisprudence. Sunni and Imami jurists differ on the continued legitimacy of the temporary marriage which the former believes it to be continued. Temporary marriage is legitimate in the opinion of Imami jurists and it has certain conditions that need to be observed. In Zoroastrian texts there is no separate chapter discussing this institution but based on the remaining evidence one can infer its existence and attempt a reconstruction. In the first section of this paper this remaining evidence, direct and indirect, will be discussed and then the main points of comparison with Imami jurisprudence will be studied taking into consideration similarities and differences. The study shows considerable similarity although the aims and conditions are different on occasions.

This study attempts to answer the fundamental question that the process of the normative institutionalization (institutions linked with the values and social norms), how can to help for good governance and management of social, cultural, community agencies? This research investigates that the representatives how can to link the Islamic Consultative Assembly with the social values and norms and what are effects of this interaction on good representative's governance and socio-cultural management? Methodology is a descriptive and analytical method. Status is reviewed and analyzed based on available statistics as regular and periodic. The statistical population is female members of Islamic Consultative Assembly periods and the used data was collected and analyzed from the UN Human Development reports, statistical Interior Ministry sources, Statistical Center of Iran, the Islamic Consultative Assembly, and other relevant literature.
The findings showed that in recent years, the average growth of women in countrie's parliaments is about 20 percent which has been increased up 15 percent in compared with 10 years earlier. So far, in Iran, 10 parliamentary elections have been held, the tenth period with 7/96 percent has allocated the most participants of women in parliament. The results showed that personalized, administrative, social and cultural restrictions are as barriers for women's efficient attendance in Islamic Consultative Assembly. Good women governance in Parliament can be facilitated through to empower for providing the development projects such as health care services, health, education, employment and effectiveness in the management of high levels of public, private and civil parts. In addition, it is necessary that the representatives of women to participate actively in commissions, fractions, delegations and specialized forums for more impact on the social and cultural management.