فصلنامه زن در فرهنگ و هنر (پژوهش زنان)
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1395)

This article is written from sociology of art point of view. The role of social factors influencing people to become artist is an important issue in this field. One of these social factors is one’s gender which is studied here. In this article female artists are studied in terms of their appearance in different artistic fields. The main factor important in this appearance is regarded to be gender. The question is whether or not the number of women artists is increased recently? The second question is whether or not the presence of women artists in different artistic fields is the same?
Research method for this study is documentary and many pieces of research are used in order to gathering data. These include works previously done on different artistic fields in Iran comparing the number of men and women active in each artistic field in different periods of time.
The findings show that first the number of women artists is increased and second this increase has not been the same in different artistic fields. Based on findings of the article the population of women directors in film industry and in theater in Iran is much smaller than other fields. Instead the population of Iranian women painters, musicians and writers is bigger than other fields.
The question that is examined here is whether there are social factors which influence men and women doing different artistic activities with different degree of competence.
It is discussed in the article that the main characteristics of those artistic fields in which Iranian women are more in number, is the possibility of doing those artistic activities in private locations and by oneself, while the main characteristics of those artistic fields in which Iranian women are less in number is their need to be worked outdoor and in group situation.

Bahram Beizaie has a special attention to Iran’s honorable old ages. He chooses one feature of the golden age “matriarchy” period and shows that in some of his plays. The purpose of this research is to talk about the dependence of heroines and Iranian goddess, and to analyze this dependence in some of Beyzaeis’ works. Plays and screenplays that are considered in this study include: “Saljuk istgah”, “Parde nei”, “Parde khane”, Shabe 1001(1)”, Shabe 1001(3)” and “Fath name kalat”. The research is descriptive - analytical, so that at first, Beyzaeis models in merging heroines and goddess would be specified and then his works would be analyzed based on this idea. Conclusions show that beyzaei uses the goddess of “kindness”, “birth”, “love”, “courage” and the most important one the goddess of “wisdom” to create his heroines. According to these analyzed works, wise goddess that one of the instances is goddess “Chista” has the most presence in Beizaeis works even more than “Anahita”.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socialization and gender identity between female students from the University of Dezful Payme Noor. The methodology of this study was survey and used a questionnaire. Population of this study was all female students at Dezful Payme Noor University and 384 persons determined as the sample size with using Lin table. The method of sampling was a multi-stage stratified random sampling. The Results show that between the dependent variable (gender identity) and some independent variables are correlated. Multivariate regression analysis showed that three variables like (social awareness, social networks, and decision-making power) in a total of 1/22% of the variation in the dependent variable explained by their gender identity. Stepwise regression analysis showed that social awareness, social networks, decision-making power are the most influential factors on gender identity.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socialization and gender identity between female students from the University of Dezful Payme Noor. The methodology of this study was survey and used a questionnaire. Population of this study was all female students at Dezful Payme Noor University and 384 persons determined as the sample size with using Lin table. The method of sampling was a multi-stage stratified random sampling. The Results show that between the dependent variable (gender identity) and some independent variables are correlated. Multivariate regression analysis showed that three variables like (social awareness, social networks, and decision-making power) in a total of 1/22% of the variation in the dependent variable explained by their gender identity. Stepwise regression analysis showed that social awareness, social networks, decision-making power are the most influential factors on gender identity.

Regarded as one of the most important concepts in Structuralism, the Theory of Binary Opposition has long been used as a yardstick against which Structuralists measure their researches in the wide realms of Linguistics, Narratives, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Anthropology, and Psychology. Employing Binary Opposition in Structural Anthropology, Lévi-Strauss aimed to discover human’s cognitive structure in mythology and other various cultural practices, believing that such inevitable oppositions tend to be the first steps of human being has taken to appreciate the world around him. One of the most widely-discussed oppositions in Strauss’ theory tends to be the one between culture and the nature. Regarded as the primary social bond and the outset of human culture, family and kinship, according to him, is against the nature. He discusses that the opposition between exogamy and endogamy (when the members of the same family marry each other) exemplifies the culture/nature opposition. Owing to the high frequency of exogamy in Shah nameh and the following national epics, the present study aimed to examine the afore-said trend in Persian epics as well as to apply the theories of Lévi-Strauss in the analysis of such oppositions. Through these approache, the social background, religion, life, social relationships and kinship contracts governing the society have been investigated. In this regard, according to the structural anthropology theory and the principle of binary oppositions which is the main basis of this theory, oppositions between Iran/Aniran, male/female, patriarchy/matriarchy, father/mother originality and some kinship oppositions between father/son, father/daughter and mother/son have been studied

Since Eighth century, much attention has been given by painters on Khamseh works due its romantic and lyric stories. Female is a heroine or she has a significant role in most of Khamseh works, that show its contributions on Nezamis works. Unlike common negative view about women in society, Nezami considered a high social level for them. In the different periods these stories, especially Lily and majnoon, Khosrow and Shirin and Haftgonbad Bahramgour in which women presence are highlight, attention painters and illustration become located. By reviewing and analyzing images of women in the Khamseh of different periods can be sociocultural context as well as the status of women at any time.Therefore, the study the image of women in the versions illustrated, can be paid to reviews the status of women in different periods. In the present study, the female representation in Khamseh works has been investigated based on Berlas Khamseh (ninth century), According to Bordio art sociology and female xepre sentation. theory on artistic creations. The conclusion,is that females views are more affected by public society and public culture in Berlas Khamseh due to Behzads artistic style and his attention to social realism.
theory on artistic creations. The conclusion,is that females views are more affected by public society and public culture in Berlas Khamseh due to Behzads artistic style and his attention to social realism.

The formation of marriage which is the foundation of family in both Islam and Zoroastrianism depends on certain requirements or conditions. The comparative study of these requirements or conditions shows certain similarities and differences between the two religions, and examining these issues can shed light on the common tradition and shared heritage between the two.
The present essay will first study the conditions of marriage from perspective of Zoroastrianism and then compares that standpoint to the Islamic law. The study shows that although there important differences between the two religions. this research deals with one problem from the perspective of the Zoroastrianism and then examines the same problem from the Islamic point of view. Common characteristics in conditions of marriage (age, consent of the guardian, consent of the girl and boy, and their social equality) and in the marriage contact itself (offer and acceptance, representation, witnesses and bride-wealth) between the two legal systems are noteworthy.

Archetype, as innate factor in collective unconscious, is linking with myth deeply. In fact, the myth's is a kind of the archetypes that review its reasons of formation according to collective unconscious. According of Jung's opinion, a collection of factors and innate reasons has created every myth. Accordingly, kinds of unnatural childbirth are very important mythological subjects that are blending with story of hero's birth in various nations. It is different archetype of Hysterectomy and unnatural childbirth in mythology: in Rostam's story and stories of "Arthur" and "Hercules" and several gods: "Andre", "Mehr", "Metra", "Atone", "Monrovia", "Sanasar & Baghdasar", "Uziris" or "Uzirmag", "Batrazd", "Mashi & Mashiane'', "Buda", "Brahma", and "Sushiant''.
This research have to unveil the reasons of this births myths and gods by descriptive – analytic method and observe function of archetype in these heros. Accordingly, unnatural birth is a kind of "show future of narration sighting". This Technique shows prominence and dignity of hero's and myths in his flowering age.
This research have to unveil the reasons of this births myths and gods by descriptive – analytic method and observe function of archetype in these heros. Accordingly, unnatural birth is a kind of "show future of narration sighting". This Technique shows prominence and dignity of hero's and myths in his flowering age.

In Iran’s history, women have always had important role in political, social, and cultural areas. After the constitutionalism movements, this role was increased and certain women found positions in executive and legislative powers. After Islamic revolution, the situation changed and an Islamic approached took the place of the former secular one. Under this new approach it is usually claimed that there was no decrease in the role of women, but many developments have been achieved. Thus one can asked how these new achievements in the social role of women happened. The hypothesis examined in this paper is that the parliament members in the first and second periods of the Islamic parliament, developed new opportunities for women in the society by issuing several new legislation.