فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 16 (بهار 1393)

Several actions such as widening roads، developing freeways and building huge interchanges and parking’s have been often taken in response to declining traffic problems and preventing more congestion in recent decades. However، the success of such measures as a strategic approach to reduce traffic congestion in the longer term is doubtful as many evidence showed so far. On the other hand، technical، social and environmental grounding for developing public transportation systems and encouraging non-motorized modes of travel، such as walking and cycling are regarded as a more sustainable way، now being received ancillary attention in both developed and developing countries. Sufficient infrastructure provision for public transit and non-motorized travel requires allocating enough funds by both local and national governments. In this way، urban transportation is one of the main chapters listed in the five-year plan of municipalities. This paper reviewing relevant documents investigates comparatively the part of budget allocation in previous financial plans of Shiraz Municipality in order to discover the importance of sustainable travel in financial planning. The results showed that public transport، walking and cycling have been considered as minor modes receiving little attention. On contrast، the major share of budget has been denoted to car-related facilities such as road widening and highway development in hope of reducing traffic concerns. Therefore، a paradigm shift is required to modify the current trend. In this way، a set of policy measures in both budget allocation and project planning areas is suggested.

The development of suburbs of big cities، involving both cities and rural areas، is one of the most important efforts for development of countries. One of the most important procedures is to concentrate on small cities and their functions on regional development. It is done in order to decrease the problems، increase the achievements and their effects on regional and environmental development. These cities will not be effective on regional and national development if it is not concentrated on urban management. The aim of this research is to study the problems and difficulties of urban management in small cities. For this purpose، Yunesi Town of Bejestan which locates in Khorasan Razavi province and at 1383 became a city is selected as study area and as statistical sample 100 citizens (family) and members of city council and 10 employees of city hall are selected. The research is descriptive – analytic and in order to gather information، testing and documentary methods are used. The lack of sources and non – cooperation of citizens in urban matters are studied as variables of research. In the study of lack of sources variable is used from the scientific Delphi method whereas in the study of cooperation of citizens variable is used from the One – Sample T – Test in which average of 1. 4 of lack of resources is the first primary in the management problems. Based on the opinions of citizens about the cooperation of themselves، the average becomes 1. 3510 which is less than 1. 5 and given significant level becomes less than 0. 05، 95% of citizens; certainly، do not cooperate with city council and city hall in urban matters. Based on the opinions of managers، average of society becomes 3. 3600 which is more than 3 (because range of five option likert are used)، and given significant level (0. 02) is less than 0. 05، 95% of citizens do not cooperate with city council and city hall. The results indicate that lack of sources is the most important management problems in Yunesi Town. Also based on the results of above studies، citizens do not cooperate with city hall in urban matters.

Notice of the amount of the claim in the context of license of building in each course is one of the fundamental issues that municipals for answer to client needs. The lack of information in this area caused problems such as a waste of time and energy، reducing efficiency and dissatisfaction with clientele and ultimately causes of the lack of planning. With regard to process of non-liner and pendulous individuals motivated to building and more crafting of construction permits from municipalities and variable affecting it، non – liner models special Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) would have more success. To this end، consider a combination of the most essential parameters as the external and internal part that are impact on the decision of people making to building، inclusive city''s population and its grows rate، average of the household costs and revenue، the impact of the season`s and temperature، the rate of gross domestic product (macro level)، inflation، and Exchange rate fluctuations (as the external parameters) and factors such as land and its price، building density، and the rate of imposition of construction (as the internal parameters). in continue to compare their ability to both، utilize from evaluation criteria to performance models such as the coefficient of determination (R2)، middle absolute deviations (MAD) and root middle square errors (RMSE). Finally ANFIS excel to ANN due to reliance to combination of ANN ventilations power and logical function of fuzzy inference system with amount of R=­­ (0. 9899، 0. 9656)، RMSE= (0. 0064، 0. 0026)، and AMD= (0. 0061، 0. 0018) for training and testing system.

The dramatic growth of human population and taking into account of qualities approaches instead of the quantities standards has arise issues such as the quality of urban life and livability so that it should be examined in the variety of scales and domains. Golestan town located in the twenty-second district of Tehran is one of the new residences in the west part of the city. Regarding many developments occurred in the west part، particularly in the aforementioned district، examination and evaluation of this kind of residences in various areas on the basis of public contribution (subjective manner) and programming standards (objective manner) is essential. In this research، the town in two objective and subjective aspects in the domains of social، economical، physical، aesthetical، accessibility، transformational and urban services is considered. This is carried out according to the theoretical framework of the similar regions in terms of life quality and habitable city. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of hesitancy of Golestan town in subjective and objective aspects and to identify the important and effective factors in its life quality elevation. Using Topsis model، the amount of subjective and objective satisfaction has been measured in different scopes. The results of Topsis model show that the amount of total satisfaction in all scopes is equal to 0. 51that according to Likret spectrum، this town is in the moderate situation. The examination of scopes in the objective aspect shows of having a very high value in dwelling (0. 86) and a very low value in physical scopes. On the other hand، the examination of subjective satisfaction shows high values in dwelling and environmental scopes of 0. 58 and 0. 67 respectively in comparison with the economic and social situations، 0. 44 and 0. 46، respectively. Finally، regarding the value of 0. 28 in the relation between subjective and objective satisfaction، there is no clear and meaningful relation between objective and subjective aspects of life quality. This disagreement indicates an inappropriate definition of length and amount of accessibility and highlights the importance of cooperative programming on the based on the views of people.

Today،tourismis oneof the main sourcesofincome، employment and infrastructureto achievesustainable development. Bisetoon area in Kermanshah Province is one of the most beautiful that in spite of the lack of tourism facilities and is convenient for tourists. Because of thenecessityforproper planningin the fieldoftourismcapabilities andlimitations ofthe region، inthisstudywe have examinedthecapabilities andlimitationsof tourism development. We alsoidentifyandprovideguidanceandstrategiesfordevelopingecotourismin the region. The methodology ofthisresearch was based ondescriptive–analytical methods. For data collection، libraryresearch، documentationandfieldstudies such asinterviews andquestionnaireshave been used. Then، the SWOTanalysis matrix was used for data analysis and presentation of ecotourism and geotourism development strategies in the Bisetoon area. Researchfindingsindicatethat،inthe contextof ecotourismandgeotourism، thisareahasa highpotential capacity. The GamasiabRiver، Bisetoonspringhead، Nuzhyvran springheadand also the beautiful landscape of the region are some of themoststrengthsof this area. But still remains the shortage ofadvertising، the absence of the residential places، and the shortage of theinfrastructure and welfare facilities.

Endowment is always considered as means of solving economic and social problems such as campaignagainst poverty، extent welfare and so on. Endowment organization is consideredas important factor tostop accumulation and gathering of wealth in society. The purpose of this study is to evaluateendowment effect on economic development of area one of Ahvaz. Using KOKRAN formula and volume of determination sample، 320 persons have been selected and thenasked. The graphs were drawn by GIS and ARC software Determination of the indicators is occupation، Social Justice، Government services and capital. Endowmentincome increased to 5480millionrials in 2013 in comparison to 2011 which was 1750 million rials and this result shows the important roleof endowment in economic development of Ahvaz. In this study (t) method used in SPSS software whichanalyzed variants. The results of analysis showed that endowment has more affected on economicdevelopment which equals 2/43 significant level of 0/001 and in comparison with trope error degree of0/05.

City in terms of historical background، design، reasonable structure، good economic history، public and private transportation infrastructure، servicing the needs of consumers and producers، with the rest of the world via telecommunications and other communications، as well being introduced as «the capital of Islamic culture and civilization» has the potential to become a creative city. The purpose of the study of creative cities (Isfahan case) In general، one can evaluate the quantitative indicators of the creative city of Isfahan، Isfahan، analysis and distribution of this index stated. Nevertheless، this study have tried the method «- descriptive analysis»، also utilizes secondary data، preparing the citizens، Model TOPSIS، the coefficient of Shannon''s entropy and the software SPSS indicators of creative Fifteen of urban areas to be analyzed. Accordingly fifteen urban areas of the 12 factors of creative urban indicators are ranked and graded. Least in terms of these indicators has areas 14 and 13. General city، according to an analysis conducted has the potential to move toward creative cities.