فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 24 (بهار 1395)

Medical tourism refers to an international phenomenon of an individual’s travel in which most tourists travel long to access to treatment-therapeutic services who because of high cost, long waits, lacking in insurance, and use of services and lack of access to health services in the destination. This industry, now, by making 60 billion dollars annually in international level, has been introduced as one the profitable. the objective of the present study is to develop and prioritize the strategies of developing medical tourism in Shiraz Metropolis. to analyze the data, Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation (FDEMATEL), Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP), and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and by integrating them in the SWOT model were used. the results indicate that regarding the prioritization of strategies, although there is a difference between the weights of the two methods, prioritizing the two methods is the same, in such a way that the priority of strategies in both methods are as follows:Offensive Strategy (SO) Diversification Strategy (ST) Defensive Strategy (WT) Restructuring Strategy (WO)
There is a difference between the results of the two methods regarding prioritizing factors of each of the strategies with the objectives. The reason of this issue is that in the integrated approach, internal relations of criteria and strategies are considered, but in AHP technique, these relations are ignored. Therefore, it can be stated that the results of the integrated approach enjoys higher level of validity. therefore, regarding the findings of the research, it is suggested that the obtained strategies from the integration of Multi-criteria decision-making techniques in fuzzy environment with SWOT respectively as: the first priority) Offensive Strategies (SO); the second priority) Diversity Strategies (ST); the third priority) Defensive Strategies (WT); and the fourth strategy) Restructuring Strategies should be placed at the head of the programs of related executive directors for developing medical tourism in Shiraz Metropolis.

Density is a measurement scale. It measures the total floor area of building in land area of the lot they are built on which is known as "building density". As national, regional and household economy directly affect the urban density, the economic aspect of density is perhaps the most important issue. Land price, land preparation, urban infrastructure and construction costs are very important factors. Besides, financial power of executive agents and urban managing in improving dwelling programs, financial power of citizens to handle land, dwelling and urban service costs are very important because they affect the process of formation and quality of urban density. They also help to achieve the predicted density in urban planning projects. In the last two decades, the policy of selling surplus building density by municipalities, has led to disorganization of population density system of adopted plans, disordering spatial arrangement and image of the cities. In addition, it has caused to lack of service-based land use and increasing crowding. All of these lead to land speculation growth. The consequence of these policies can be differently investigated by their economical, social, cultural, physical and environment aspects.
In this paper, after explaining the aims and methods, concept of density the issue of surplus building density in Iran are discussed. Then Tabriz city and Valiasr neighborhood are analyzed as case studies. Also the master and detailed plans of Tabriz city in this relation are reviewed and different effects of selling surplus density are investigated.

By change of the city planning viewpoints, the common procedures which is related to city development preparation and approval has changed as well. These procedures will be reviewed and the city development strategies are the new and effective viewpoints for improving city planning flow. The aim of this project are determining Shiraz city development strategies and prioritizing them by AHP. The current Shiraz programs are physical and static, they are not made based on social and economic aspects and they are not responsive to the current needs of this city, the goals which are expected to be very low. In this project, first six main strategies are planned which are include spatial organizing, urban economic reinforcing, social livability, stable accessing, environment, good city ruling and sub-strategies based on the hierarchical tree. After preparing the questionnaire be asked to professionals and city managers to identify priorities based o paired comparison. With regard to the strategic planning and its systematic approach, the obtained weighted coefficient has priority for integrating actions. The results of integrating criteria and sub criteria show that the first priority is sustainable income, the second is spatial equity and optimal facilities distribution ,the third is tourism development ,the fourth is subway completion to stable accessing ,the fifth is perspective codification and the last priority is prevent of physical development and compact city. At the end of this project be presented the executive solutions and planning of the first ten Shiraz strategies.

In informal settlements, social confusion and lack of social interaction is becoming characteristic of the inhabitants. Although research in this field has recognized informal settlements, the physical factors of social interaction in these neighborhoods have been widely neglected. Therefore, it is necessary to address the issue of organizing the physical aspects of public spaces and its influence on the attendance of people as well as on the improvement of social interaction. In so doing, we may prevent the inhabitants of these settlements from moving to other neighborhoods for spending their leisure time.
The present paper addresses this problem by comparing two informal settlements in Hamedan, i.e. Hesar-e Emam and Dizaj. It appears that, among the inhabitants of such settlements, sociopetalness is significantly correlated with physical factors of the environment. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical. The data were gathered by means of field work and analyzed in SPSS software by using independent t-test as well as simple linear regression. Afterward, the relationship among the physical variables of sociopetalness was studied. According to the findings, the physical situation of Hesar-e Emam is better than that of Dizaj. Also, physical factors such as elements of pause and stop as well as artistic signs of architecture and advertisement are conceived by people as the most influential factors in the sociopetalness of space.

Sustainable development of the sites has been the ability of local small communities in exploitation of human, natural and ecologic resources. Indeed, use of social capital as an executable solution for solving development problems is in the consideration of policy makers and politicians in local community’s level. Therefore, understanding both mechanism and role of social capital in miniaturizing the tasks, delegating responsibilities to institutions, providing the fields of expanding social capital for increasing socio-cultural interaction in local level through getting help from citizens in achieving sustainable development are of the most important goals of the research. This research is Descriptive – analytical. In this regard, to measure the rate of social capital and neighborhood stability, the analysis of data was conducted by questionnaires. Initially, indicators of social capital and neighborhood stability were determined using existing literature. We used determine Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression in hypotheses test. The results of research indicate that there is a significant direct relationship between social capital and neighborhood stability.

Despite the low survival issues of social capital, this changing is an important social issue that plays a major role in the development of regions and countries, and in various fields of social sciences, economics and recently has been raised in political science. Importance its enough much that of different aspects of process of growth and development the society affect. The social capital is one of the best investments a society, that varies from environment to environment. The purpose of the present article is the study of social capital rate in different areas in the city of Darab county (Fars). Research methodology of present article in nature is descriptive - analytical and based on a attributional studies in which were developed based on formula 180 Cochran questionnaires completed in 8 areas of Darab city which were chosen and also TOPSIS decision making model has been used to rankings of social capital in different areas. The results reveal that social capital in the localities studied having the highest levels of the considered indicators is Faz 3 area by priority factor of .82 and the Taj abad area has the lowest level by priority factor of .12. Well as each of these indicators in the localities of highest and lowest compared them on the chart is shown. According to the results we should strengthen the incentives to increase social capital in priority localities.

Construction of new streets in the texture of cities and penetration of modernism in them result in appearing undefined places and these dissipated lands with different measurements, left from construction of new streets in cities, create chances for developing and having creative ventures and discovering hidden values in them. Movements and relationships of transportation greatly dominate over the public places and make many cultural values lost.
Therefore, the threat of dissipated places could be change into a chance to make a spirituous, dynamic and steady atmosphere. The approach in this research is a kind of surveying with the purpose of building, rating validity, and giving justification to the questionnaire of the place of public participation in reaching to social stability in planning dissipated places of the city by random sampling from the users of the two performed public places in Tehran.
Besides, the approach of this study is inductive argument. Analysis of the questionnaires will be done by SPSS soft wear. The purpose is to organize two dissipated places and their influence on the rate of participation and satisfaction of their inhabitant from them. This research intends to improve the quality of dissipated places of the city by using the benefit of public potential.

One of the important sub structure of transportation system are public parking that they have appropriate role in city traffic decreaseParking can influence on traffic application and life quality of city. After several decades, increase cars, lack of sufficient place for park and finally, a lot of expenses for parking building, make it necessary to evaluate precisely for management and parking location. This research evaluate appropriate location seeking of parking in district 2 and 8 of Shiraz municipality and location seeking. To study and evaluate public parking, first evaluate current condition, then due to current condition determine deficiencies and place distribution of parking. determine budget for public parking due to standard of city and roads ministry. In this investigation due to study function of current analysis used GIS such as overlay index. To determine appropriate position to build parking, initially identify effective criteria in location. Then, using ArcGis software become information layer that is readable. For every criteria (layer) provide required space. Then, due to effects of layer and pair comparison measured by superDecisions weight of every layers. The layers of the assembly information specified limits for public parking. And in the fifth set of the division is good to very poor.