فصلنامه مطالعات پیشگیری از جرم
پیاپی 13 (زمستان 1388)

The phenomenon of thievery threats the social and economical security of the citizens. This issue which is related with principle and security of the country, because of causing physical and mental damages leads to insecurity in the society. Law enforcement officials concern about the high level of this crime in county of Khoy. Although, the decision of criminals about choosing the place and time of the crime is a kind of logical decision, hence, it is necessary to recognize effective factors in choosing the place of the crime by criminals in order to eliminate some of these situations and also provide a better controlling program in the mission area. Systematic recognition of locative conduct of different criminals, one of the main goals of this research is specifying the personal characteristics and this point that criminals choose a crime based on a special place and occasion. The purpose of this research is practical and its nature is descriptive and the technique is surveying. The needed statistics and information in preparing this research are gathered by referring to related organizations and by using of questionnaire, interview and documents. The statistical society of the research totally has two categories: first category contains all personnel of criminal investigation department and police station crime prevention bureaus of Khoy and the second category are those criminals who based on operational descriptions in this research have committed a crime in protected area of Koy in 1386. Finally, by analyzing the gathered data, relation and the effectiveness of each of the above named factors in theories of research in selection of the crime location by thief, is confirmed by repliers of the statistical society. Based on this principle, because of more effect on selection of the crime location, the first theory is in priority (by average of 88/6) and the second theory is in fourth priority (by average of 80/9). So, it can be concluded that by fundamental programming and suitable management of physical areas by architectures and civil engineers, more social supervision in less crowded areas of the city is feasible and also it causes a decrease in population and activities in crowded centers of the city and consequently prevents robbery.

This article explores the case of offences published in adventure pages of Jame Jam and Etemad newspaper in 1385. The statistical universe of our study was 200 newspapers (100 for each one). Generally speaking, the offences described in these pages were divided in two categories: crimes against persons and crimes against property. Our descriptive findings include seven kinds of homicide with different causes and motives, suicide, larceny, blackmail and fraud. According to our theory, external and internal limits made offenders to commit the crimes. When the internal conditions affect on offender he commits violence crimes such as suicide. Reversely when the external condition affect, crimes such as homicide and kidnapping will be committed. In crimes against property, internal factors like sense of being paltry and put-upon in community besides general ideas in culture have important roles.

Although experts and specialists have considered increasingly expansion of sexual relations malformation in different areas these years, but it haven’t been studied so much. Researches show that different reasons are included in sexual deviation of girls.It seems that some of essential factors in sexual deviation of girls, especially prostitution, are dissociation of the family, unkindness lack of parents’ attention and deficiency of family’s functions.This article purposes to express the conception of prostitution and also, analyzes the effect of parent’s disputes and sexual deviation of girls. It is necessary to emphasize on family’s fundamental role in sexual deviation of girls and preventive methods against these kinds of deviances.

Complicating of crime preventive affairs in the country has exceeded from researches and studies of those experts who tend to make plans for it and growth of the crime in many occasions, before all solutions, has surprised he society. Meanwhile, managers and programmers are continuously taking different contraptions and diplomacies to solve the problems of this area, which frequently are like as sectional lenitive that relieve the myalgia just for a short time. Thus, for many reasons the efficiency of these policies in crime preventions is always faced to a serious challenge. Now most of those managers and programmers are convinced that many of these efforts are maybe just result in temporal improvement and little growth of some crimes, but there is no approach to reach a secure situation and permanent decrease of the crime. In other words, they have found out that what is really necessary is revision in great management approaches and using new tools in designing crime preventing programs. Some tools that carry the meanings of third management wave’s characteristics (change to conform to future environment). In this treatise, beside expressing and analyzing two great challenges existing in current programs of crime prevention in the country, future discovery has been introduced as one of new management tools to solve current problems of crime prevention programs and by representing study territories of future discovery, it is shown that how it effects on crime prevention programs and usage of this science in crime prevention issues. Also, principles, basic definitions and conceptions of future research are introduced and some of the most important kinds of future discovery in simple and brief words are discussed and by providing a suitable pattern to be used in general studies of this field, an appropriate approach is given to make this new science practical in prevention of crimes.

Prevention of crimes is always a governments’ policy. For a long term, punishment was the sole resort to preventing crimes. But its inefficiency made states and thinkers to find a useful alternative. In this way, many different theories about crime prevention were proposed which some of theme emphasized on soon psychological – social interventions. These theories often discuss the element of “personality” to study criminal behaviors. One of the relevant concepts to personality is the source of power which presented by Rater Theory. Source of power has two “internal” and “external” dimensions. According to the most researches, persons with external source of power, have less personal and social compatibility and may show incompatible behaviors. With respect to this notin that source of power is a changeable feature and may change from external to internal state, this article try to provide some solutions for crime preventions by study on the effect of source of power on person’s compatibility.

In general speaking, preliminary enquiry is at the other side of the final enquiry done in courts. Therefore it includes actins and research which are done by Police force and department of public prosecutions to detect, investigate and prosecute the offences. Because the fair proceeding has root in preliminary enquiry, this stage is very important for both parties e.g. victim and accused. Victim as a part of the criminal cases sustained much different virtual and emotional harm, so he is entitled to these harms be remedied or at least decreased. It is often the crimes which determine that which kind of aids is necessary for victim. There are variety of bodies and entities which can help and support victim of crimes including criminal justice system, DPP, Police force, sentencing courts, rehabilitation services and etc. which provide respective supports for victims. According to this article, although there are some episodic provisions in our criminal system which support victims’ right but there is lack of suitable and efficient supporting provisions and rules in respect of different kinds of victims.

Undoubtedly, prevention of crimes is one of the appearances of internal (domestic) policy and has very close interaction with political system of a country. In fact the ideology which governs the respective political system has a main effect on determining preventive approaches to crimes. This article explores the answers of these two questions: what kind of the effects have the political models on preventive models? And what kinds of the preventive models are defined in the lights of security, human rights, political and economical changes in contemporary political systems?To answer these questions we try to provide some models based on studies and analysis on crimes prevention changes. Then we study the security, human rights, political and economical changes to find the effects of contemporary political systems on prevention of crimes. Finally we result that governmental model of preventing crimes is the feature of totalized and dictatorial communities which based on despotic. Reversely, community based models on crime prevention, is for liberal democratic communities which based on law. The governing dialogue on human societies based on liberal democratic model made the frequent model of crime prevention, the community oriented one.

Situational crime prevention claims a methodological approach that depersonalize and depsychologizes the study of crime. Situational crime prevention suggests restriction of the circumstances and reducing opportunities leading to the offence. This approach claims that changing situations is easier than changing souls. The first section of this article aims to protect situational crime prevention from certain criticisms it could incur on moral level and the second to do the same with regard to the political level. Since situational crime prevention is an effective technique.