فصلنامه مطالعات پیشگیری از جرم
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1386)

Theft is one of the main crimes in human society which hazards public safety severely. Prevention of various types of theft and other crimes is the main and significant responsibility of Police force (police department). Thus, in order to examine the content of difficulties and obstacles impact on achievement of chiefs of Great Tehran Police Departments in prevention of theft, current research was designed in analytic – measurement method and polling the chiefs of Great Tehran Police Departments as statisitical society, 43 persons were selected as sample and it was conducted by questionnaire. This research consists of 5 chapters in which the first chapter deals with the generalities of research, second chapter deals with literature review and the oretical principles of research, and the next 3 chapters deal with methodology of research, analysis of findings and conclusion. The main target of this project is to examine the content of difficulties and obstacles impact on achievenment of chiefs of police departments in prevention of theft, including human force, facilities and equipments, coordinating specialty levels of IRI Police Forces, cooperating Judicial authorities, skill and training related to profession. On the way of achieving this target, the difference between impact of elements on current situation with desirable situation or the situation which is expected by authorities was computed and after conclusion, some practical suggestions were presented. Thus, the hypothesis of this research were organized around above – mentioned elements and they were examined and analyzed statistically which the conclusions show that:Human force, facilities and equipments, coordinating Juridical authorities, training related to the profession of the chiefs of police departments were weak and it did not have positive impact on achievement of heads of police stations while coordinating specialty levels of IRI Police Forces and skill and experience of heads of police departments, in reverse of above variables, were not weak. Based upon this fact, there of six hypothesis were not confirmed. Additionally, the content of impact of elements in current condition is far from desirable condition and it is in lower level.

During the last two decades, there is an increasing interest in the study and recognition of different spatial aspects of crimes within urban areas. To do so, a number of theories, have been put forward by different scholars for the control and prevention of crime in the urban areas. Among different [developed] viewpoints in this respect, " hotspots " have received special attention. Hotspot analysis assists police in assessing and identifying high crime areas, types of crime being committed, and the best way to respond to them. In this paper, an attempt has been made to get more insight into this view and after evaluating previous studies made on the subject in different parts of the world, its theoretical framework, importance, methods and techniques of understanding urban crime hotspots is explored.

The process of the informal mediation and conflict resolution by local community (society), and its capacity to perform settlement for criminal litigations is a concept which has received considerable attention and status as one of the most fundamental, crucially vital and indispensable in performing supervisory and administrative judicial functions. As a result, the formation, process, and institutionalization of informal local dispute settlement councils, or similar judicial supervisory committees, and the definition and specification for its, role position, and function in the local community as well as its cooperative function with government, is a subject which has received treatment, analysis, and interpretation in the present study.

Juvenile delinquency is one of the most complicated social problems that is very considerable at present time and with the same relation of increasing the commission of crimes by juveniles, the researchers and experts efforts in this matter, with the aim of finding resolutions, are increased. Knowledge about causing factors of juvenile deviation and taking proper general and social preventive measures in the society and for its vulnerable groups and persons that are in danger of delinquency, have direct and indisputable effect on deduction of the crimes of these groups. Early (developmental) prevention, with the meaning of intervention in different periods of growth of juvenile offenders or those targeting risk factors in order to prevent the development of criminal potential in future, contains the actions related to special group of juveniles and the places that they are socialized (family, school and the groups of the same age) and its aim is removal or improvement of risk factors and making protective factors that reinforce the resistance of person against acceptance and take a vocation of criminal behaviours in future and different countries in order to receive this goal, anticipate and execute different programs that many of them have an important role in reduction and prevention of delinquency of these groups.

The involvement of the police in school is not a new phenomenon.They have been associated with schools in many countries,and in a variety of ways, for most of the previous Century. For much of that time, that role was limited to collecting truants, ensuring bicycle or traffic safety, or the prevention of child abuse. Since 1960s, however, there have been gradual changes, resulting by the 1990s in the development of a variety of much more formalized and closer links between local police and schools. In the USA, for example, the development of dedicated police officers as school resource officers,have all brought the police the much closer to the day to day running of schools.Much of this change has been in response to the general increase in youth offending which was characteristic of most Western counrries from the 1960's to the 1990's. It also reflects more general changes in attitudes towards aggression and violence by young people. The public and policy markers, in many countries, now recognize the issue of school- based violence as a problem.Bullying.School fights, truancy and drug use have all been characteristic of school life for many years, but their important links with offending and victimization, and their impact on health and social development, are now much more widely acknowleged. There is also much more willingness to label school behaviours as violent, and to see the police, rather than the school, as the appropriate response. Finally, extreme incidents of violence such as the Clumbine tragedy in the United States or the school shooting in Erfurt, Germany, have also helped to increase concerns about the need to develop effective prevention programmes in schools.The result is that in many countries, schools are now actively collaborating with the police to combat crime and violenece in and around their premises.School violence and problems behaviours are also incressingly seen as a community and family issue too.Regional forums such as the Council of Europe have urged governments to promote the development of local partnership for preventing and combating violence at school, and the police are seen as one of the most important parties in such partnerships.

The present paper investigates the interrelationship between executive personnel and the role of research in police organizations with primary emphasis, assisted with ample illustrations, on crime prevention.The present paper reports the partial resuls of a research on the relationship between policy, procedure, and functions – or the lack of – conducted by National Institute for Justice, a Washington - based research organization, the results of which point out to an over 30 years of failure of oversight and neglect by policy makers and other authorities regarding the application, implementation, and significance of research. The findings are primarily supported on studies and interviews with the university officials, police administrators, and related authorities.In addition to an ever increasing need to prevent the growth of crime, the paper finds a slow, but gradual, expansion of awareness by the authorities concerning the significance of cooperation between police and research organizations. The first part of the paper underscores the traditional relationship between research and application, and variables indicative of a substantial need for the implementation of change. Factors that effect a change include more professional police services and greater analysis and interpretation of the collected data regarding public policy implementation.