فصلنامه مطالعات پیشگیری از جرم
پیاپی 28 (پاییز 1392)

Crime against morality, due to violation of materialistic and spiritual features of human life, must be critically considered, as law makers have taken specific preventive approaches to prevent these sort of crimes. In criminology, civil prevention is divided into social and situational prevention. Social prevention takes place by interfering in social and privet life of all criminals. Society, in different social, cultural and economic environment, attempts to learn people wrongs and rights deeds and enables them to have self-judgment about his/her actions in case of crimes against morality. In situational prevention of crimes against morality, situational circumstances and opportunities to committing crimes and any provocative factors will be reduced. Therefore through this actions the danger of turning to crimes will be increased. This results in prevention of immoral crimes. Practically, preventive policies have not been efficient, though to combat crime and prevent all forms of criminal actions initially the roots of offences must be identified, then rehabilitative actions could be carried out. Prevention will not be fruitful until there are causes, motivation and opportunities of committing crimes.

Social capital is the product of individual, collective, direct and indirect investment strategies in creation and reproduction of social relationships which are useable for a short or long period of time. These relationships can exist among neighbors, colleagues or relatives, having prime outcomes for social growth and sustainability of each society. One noticeable result of having these relations in the field of urbanization is having the sense of security among citizens who have achieved and raise this kind of capital. Therefore, social capital is a tool providing resources to people via social relations. It is mostly exists in civil society. Individuals improve their position in the society with the help of raising social capital. This paper aims to find the role of social security in maintaining the sense of security in society.The theoretical framework of the study includes sociological theories and the schools related to them and the hypotheses of the study were posed accordingly. The type of this study is survey and a valid questionnaire was employed for data collection. The research population includes the students of Khorramabad branch of Payamenour Univesity in 2013. The sample included 384 participants through random selection. The most important finding of this study is the existence of a direct and meaningful relationship between social capital and security feeling among students.

This study aims to investigate the most important causes for increased occurrence of violent crime, murder and voluntary assault in particular, in the city of Shiraz. The statistical population consists all those convicted or accused of murder or voluntary assault who were serving their terms in the Adlabad prison in Shiraz. In the meantime, only those who confessed their crime were considered as data sample. The studied sample comprised 102 men and women. The data gathering tool was the questionnaire designed by the author. Democratic characteristics, previous disputes and enmities, as well as risky beliefs and behaviors can lead to the increasing trend of such crimes. Apparently, risky beliefs and behaviors can be the most important factors in the occurrence of violent crime. Moreover, it seems the following preventive measures can be effective on the reduction of violent crime: punitive prevention, non-punitive prevention, perpetrator-based prevention (background and circumstances that affect the perpetrator), and the victim-based prevention (background and circumstances that affect the victim). Also, the perpetrator-based prevention seems to be more effective than the other factors in prevention of such crime. The results obtained regarding research hypotheses show that certain demographic factors can affect committing crimes or falling victim to crimes. In 25.37% of the studied cases, there were previous disputes and enmities between the perpetrator and the victim. In 58.16% of the cases, risky beliefs were the main cause of crime. In 56.12% of the cases, the risky behavior on the part of both the perpetrator and the victim was the main reason why the crimes were committed. In the latest case,punitive prevention, direct prevention, reactive prevention, victim-based prevention and perpetrator-based prevention were effective in violent crimes prevention. The most effective preventive measure can be the perpetrator-based prevention. Thus, all the research hypotheses were proved.

Due to the high rate of crime repeated by ex-offenders after their terms of prison, having an organized and smart supervision and using proper methods for each society are considered as vital needs for each judiciary system.In Iran, with respect to the present situation, in order to rehabilitate ex-offenders, any of the society-based, place-based, offender-based, or instrument-based approaches need to be applied, either in isolation or in combination with each other’s. Surely, characteristics of an offender and his/her crime are main factors of choosing the type of supervision.To achieve this goal, the cooperation of all ministries, governmental organizations, civil entities and NGOs as well as the strategic role of the police in making collaboration between these will be of a very high importance.

Introduction and Parents and students’ awareness of high-risk behaviors and protective factors was assessed in the public middle schools of Alborz in 2012. The major question addressed by this study was whether students and their parents were aware of risk behaviors. The primary objective was to identify the level of awareness of risk behaviors, contributing factors, symptoms, protective factors, and sources of information among respondents. A combination of document review and surveys were used in this study by drawing on data collected through questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. As far as awareness among students and their parents about different types of high-risk behaviors is concerned, each student, in average, noted 12.2% of risk behaviors; i.e. students were properly aware of one out of 8 risk behaviors (correct answer) while school managers and parents, in average, pointed out 14.2% and 13.5% of risk behaviors, respectively, meaning that they were aware of one out of every eight risk behaviors. Discussion and The findings indicate that in responding to questions about risk behaviors (the first question of the study), over 85% of students and parents reported that they were aware of such behaviors and believed that risk behaviors are prevalent among all individuals of society (not only youths and adolescents). However, results in terms of level of awareness about risk behaviors (answers to the second question) demonstrated that awareness existed only in relation to one out of every eight common risk behaviors.

Links and convergence of criminal policy with proactive measures in the field of crime prevention and proactive measures are significant. In this regard, cultural development through strengthening social values provide influential and fruitful choices for policy-makers in the field of crime, and also enable them to fight all forms of crime. Due to the significant role of culture in Iranian society as well as the role of cultural policy maker in influencing behaviors and believes of citizens, these two can be employed in crime prevention. This paper attempts to have a survey in these issues through three factors: life style, social capital and law-abidance.