فصلنامه مطالعات تفسیری
پیاپی 7 (پاییز 1390)

The circumstances of revelation in Tabatabaie‘s exegetic theory is of a special position in such a manner that make his theory distinct from those of his predecessors and contemporaries both. His view, therefore, is to be analyzed and criticized in respect to the question what of circumstances of revelation, its meaning, its place with regard to the Quranic text and its role in objective reality and in commenting the text. The why of the theory lies in Tabatabaie‘s perception of Quranic text. He tries to make the text free from all external agents and elements.

Abrogation of Quranic verses has been of those problems always dealt with in the fields of jurisprudence, hadith and commentary by Muslim commentators and scholars. On the question what of abrogation there can be found four schools: removal, repelling, address and explanation among which the first seems to be in more harmony with Quran. For the abrogator, abrogation is in four forms: Quran by Quran, Quran by Sunnah, Sunnah by Quran and Sunnah by Sunnah. The traditions referring to verses by verses abrogation can be regarded as the cases of Quran by Quran abrogation. Shiite, contrary to Sunnite who agrees with three kinds of abrogation including judgment, recital and judgment and recital, only has agreed with the first. In this way, the traditions apparently referring to abrogation of recital, should not be necessarily considered of such reference.

Purgatory life of man and the stages following it have always occupied human mind. Some verses of Quran such as Al-ŵƵŵŝŶƵŶ ϭϬϬ-ϭϬϭ͕ ů-/ŵƌĂŶ ϭϲϵ-ϭϳϬ͕ zĂ-Sin Ϯϲ-Ϯϳ͕ ů-DƵǭŵŝŶ ϭϭ ĂŶĚ ϰϲ͕ ů-DƵŶĂĮƋƵŶ ϭϬ ĂŶĚ Ŷ- EĂŚů ϯϮ ĐůĞĂƌůLJ ĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞ ƉƵƌŐĂƚŽƌLJ ǁŽƌůĚ ĂŶĚ ŝƚƐ properties. As is understood everlasting life of martyrs of holy wars and their rewards has been regarded as a proof for purgatory and its gifts. Furthermore, a large number of traditions, by successive hearsay, in the field has transmitted in Shiite and Sunni sources. They describe the states of good and pure servants to God, the states of the sinful and the quality of relation between this world and purgatory and its stages.

In different verses of holey Quran, natural aspect of human creation has been described by such words as clay, dust, water, despised fluid, gushing fluid, drop of seed and clot. Some relying on the variety of the words have claimed a disagreement between science and Quran. This paper has intended to answer the claim with studying exegetical views under the related verses with ĂŶ ĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ǀĞƌƐĞƐ ϱ-ϳ ŽĨ ƚ-Tariq. This false claim is based upon unfamiliarity with the why of Quran revelation and misleading statements of some commentator.

Quranic commentators have used different approaches one of the most ancient of which can be the literary one. Quranic eloquence and rhetoric are counted as miracle aspects of Quran. Some commentators, therefore, have sought to comment Quran literally to make Divine intention clear. This paper intends to study Al-Kashshaf and At-Tafsir Al-Bayani respectively by Zamakhshari and Bent Ash-Shati‘a comparatively to find the advantages of each with regard to the approach. Parallel with the advancement of rhetoric sciences, literary commentaries began to advance in such a manner that following generations of commentators surpassed the followed ones; as is the case Ash-Shati‘a compared with Zamakhshari. The former, using the works and findings of preceding commentators, has presented a further perfect and attractive commentary.

Imam Ali (a) in his speeches and letters of which some can be seen in Naj-Albalaghe, describing mutual rights and duties of governors and citizens, has always emphasized them. He knows government as an opportunity for approximating God. Imam, therefore, addresses his officials to perform political, social, economical and cultural rights of citizens and asks citizen to be loyal to their allegiance with him and help the government to attain its goals.