مجله تحقیقات آزمایشگاهی دامپزشکی
سال سوم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1390)

In our scientific world, one can consider the close relationship between different sciences such as mathematic and medical sciences, physics and astronomy and so on. Therefore based on molecular biology, mathematics and internet, new fields of researches are developed. In Iran, comprehensive studies have been carried out on diagnosis of infectious organisms such as parasites based on morphological characteristics. But application of molecular biology in different sciences including parasitology still is in its infancy. Then in order to give some ideas to the interested researchers, especially young ones, brief presentation of how to access to the different sources for receiving the required information in genetic such as Gene Bank and the scientific works carried out in Iran in different fields including helminths and helminths infections seemed to be a necessity. Accordingly, different researches carried out in the field of helminthology in Iran such as identification of two distinct strains of Echinococcus, e,g, sheep –dog and camel – dog strains; development of an antigen and vaccine based on recombinant technique; genetic similarity between Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica and newly found isolate morphologically different with two known species; determination of genetic structure of Gongylonema pulchrum of cattle for the first time in the world and its comparison with that of Japan and showing that their sequences of rDNA were similar to each other except in ITS1 region; genetic polymorphism in Dicrocoelium dendriticum; resistance and its absence to benzimidazoles in Haemonchus contortus using PCR-RFLP and the existence of some resistance and susceptible isolates of Teladorsagia circumcincta to albendazole. The aim of this study was to provide provisional introduction to young researchers about Gen Banks and also about those researches which is done on identification of helminth and their resistance to different drugs by molecular biology in Iran.

Tropical Theileriosis, due to Theileria annulata, is one of the major diseases of cattle in some tropical and sub-tropical countries that give rise to some serious economic losses in livestock industries in the involved countries such as Iran, every year. So far, Theileria annulata was identified by morphological, serological and molecular procedures in cattle of Iran. However, Theileria orientalis, which seems to be non-pathogenic, was only detected by morphological and serological methods in the cattle of Iran. Therefore, in the present investigation, for the first time in Iran we were able to differentiate two genus of Theielria and Babesia and also two species of Theielria annulata and Theileria orientalis by PCR and semi-nested PCR technique with designing primers of Bba-S, Bba-A, Tbs-S, Tbs-A, To-S and Ta-S.

Testudo graeca or spur-thighed tortoise is one of the most widespread and endangered species of tortoises. In this survey, a tortoise with necrotic ulcers on distal part of shell and basal part of tail had been referred to parasitology laboratory of faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, from a zoo in Tehran, Iran. After more examinations, a number of larves (L1 to L3) were observed. In regard to taxonomic keys and the anterior and posterior respiratory spiracles and cephalopharyngeal skeleton, infection with Calliphora vicina myiasis was distinguished. Although there are several reports of Calliphora myiasis in tortoises in other countries, there is no authentic report in Iran. Control and prevention of myiasis is needful and indispensable in regard to its pathogenic symptoms such as stimulation, distressing, irritation, weight loosing and also its role as vectors in transmission of pathogens.

In the present study, hematological responses in 160 Barbus sharpeyi (Bennie) after one week exposure to 1.75, 2.33, 3.5, 4.37 and 8.75 ppm of formaldehyde and 0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 ppm of copper sulfate (CS) in comparison with control group was evaluated. In copper sulfate treatment, RBC and WBC number, Lymphocytes% and monocytes%, Hematocrit and Hemoglobin (Hb) decreased after exposure to higher concentrations while Neutrophils%, mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin concentration, increased in higher concentrations (P<0.05). In formaldehyde treatments the parameters altered at higher concentrations in the same pattern as CS but Monocytes% and Hb tend to increase significantly (P<0.05).

The present study was performed to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture in two farmed shrimp species including white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) in 2011. 30 samples of white leg shrimp and Indian white shrimp (15 samples of each species) were collected from the shrimp culture of Choebdeh from Abadan. Data were analyzed using SPSS17 and t-test was done to determine exist or non-exist of the significant difference in level 95 percent (P=0.05). There were significant differences between protein, lipid, moisture and ash contents of the two species (P<0.05). Carbohydrate and fiber were not detected in samples of shrimp. The highest amount of protein and ash in muscle of Fenneropenaeus indicus were 17.56±0.01 and 1.19±0.05 g/100g/dw respectively. Also, the highest level of lipid and moisture in muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei were 0.77±0.02 and 81.13±0.3 g/100g/dw respectively.

Mastitis is the inflammatory reaction of the udder to invading pathogens, characterized by pathological changes in the mammary tissue, an increase in the number of somatic cells, physical, chemical and microbiological changes in the milk. The objective of the present study was to determine plasma, total antioxidant status in the cows with subclinical mastitis and healthy cows. Milk and heparinized blood samples were collected from 45 normal cows and 45 cows with subclinical mastitis from dairy cattle in khouzestan province, Behbahan, Iran. The result showed that the most dominant isolated bacterium from subclinical mastitis samples was staphylococcus aureus (N=17). No significant difference (P>0.05) was shown between plasma TAS concentrations in the studied groups. The correlation between SCC and total antioxidant status was negative and significant (P<0.001). Optimum antioxidant intake in the feed may enhance the resistance against subclinical mastitis.

Damages of sperms following cryopreservation reduce fertility rate of sperm. Therefore evaluation of frozen-thawed sperm is important to assess of fertility rate of the sperm. Routine methods used for evaluation of sperms are not suitable for frozen sperm. Hence modifying of these methods is essential. The most important of assessing of frozen-thawed sperm are rate of motility test, number of dead and alive sperms, assess of acrosome and plasma membrane of sperm, and rate of morphological abnormalities of sperm. The aim of this study was modifying techniques to evaluate quality of frozen-thawed sperm.