فهرست مطالب

Nano Dimension - Volume:9 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

International Journal of Nano Dimension
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/11/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Abdollah Maleki, Alireza Karimpour, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj * Pages 1-6
    The pharmaceutical area can present some opportunities for mechanical engineers to develop a vast type of dosage forms particularly novel forms like nanoparticles. The classical education of mechanics needs some alterations to prepare appropriate education courses in this regard. In order to present some views about this issue, we collect some information around the importance of mechanical engineering in the designing of nano-based drug delivery systems. A review process was performed using National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) by means of MeSH keywords such as mechanical engineering, pharmaceutical dosage form, drug delivery system, nanoparticles and nanotechnology. The searches included full-text publications written in English, published in PubMed central over a 10-year period (2006-2016). The abstracts, reviews, books with no experimental data as well as studies without explicit involving of mechanical engineering in the designing of drug delivery systems were excluded from the analysis. The reviewed literature revealed that there is good progress in application of mechanical engineering in the designing of nano-based drug delivery systems in recent years. However, more clinically and in vivo attempts are needed in this regard. This information may present some beneficial views for graduate students as well as academic curriculum designers about the importance of mechanical engineers in pharmaceutical area.
    Keywords: Drug delivery system, Mechanical engineering, Nanoparticles, nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical dosage form
  • Kondaiah Seku *, Bhagavanth Reddy Ganapuram, Babu Pejjai, Girija Mangatayaru Kotu, Narasimha Golla Pages 7-14
    We report an ecofriendly novel method for copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) synthesis by hydrothermal processes using an activated carboxymethyl gum of locally available medicinal plant Cochlospermum gossypiumas capping agent. The synthesized CuNPs characterized by Ultraviolet - visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier – transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD). The XRD results showed a face-centered cubic structure with (111) as the prepared orientation. The CuNPs showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity against pathogenic strains like E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosi, Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus oryzae respectively. A result of this study indicates that the CuNPs has remarkable potential antimicrobial property. It will be used in treating infectious diseases and also use full in biomedical application.
    Keywords: Antibacterial, antifungal activity, characterization, Copper nanoparticles, Hydrothermal process, X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD)
  • Caglar Avci, Fazile Cicek, Hilal Celik Kazici, Arif Kivrak, Hilal Kivrak * Pages 15-23
    Herein, a stepwise electrodeposition technique was used to synthesize the Pd based nanoparticles on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. First of all, Pd nanoparticles were electrodeposited on ITO via one step electrodeposition technique. Furthermore, Au was electrodeposited on Pd. Finally, Co was electrodeposited on Au and Pd electrodeposited ITO electrode via stepwise electrodeposition technique. Characterization of these electrodes was performed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electrode microscopy (SEM) techniques. Considering the XRD pattern, well-defined ITO peaks, Pd, and Au fcc structure peaks are clearly visible for Pd based electrodes. On the other hand, Co has two main crystal structures such as face-centered-cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phases. SEM images illustrates that spherical particles were obtained for these Pd based electrodes. Finally, formic acid electrooxidation activities of these electrodes were evaluated and enhanced electrooxidation activities were obtained.
    Keywords: Au, Co, Electrodeposition, Nanoparticles, Pd, Trimetallic
  • Atefeh Mehrabifar, Ahmad Riahi * Pages 24-31
    First, an effective pre-concentration of penicillamine was done via Fe3O4NPS. Then, a simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of penicillamine by 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (2, 6-DCPIP), as the chromogenic agent in bulk drug and formulations. It produces a bluish green coloured compound with maximum absorbance 610 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.005-0.100 ppm with molar absorptivity 1.97 × 103 L/mol/cm and RSD 0.3-0.82%. Statistical comparison of the results with those from the reference method reveals excellent agreement and accuracy and precision was ±0.481 to ±0.33%. This method is also applied on the whole blood and serum samples collected from the confirmed patients. The reaction of penicillamine with 2, 6-DCPIP was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The main advantage of 2, 6-DCPIP was its stability as a reagent solution, resulting in reliable and reproducible results.
    Keywords: Fe3O4NPS, Magnetic Nanoparticle, Penicillamine, Spectrophotometry, Serum, 2, 6, Dichlorophenolindophenol
  • Maryam Faraji, Seyed Saleh Ghoreishi *, Reza Yousefi Pages 32-40
    In this article, a new structure is presented for MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor)-like junctionless carbon nanotube field effect transistor (MOS-like J-CNTFET), in which dual material gate with different work-functions are used. In the aforementioned structure, the size of the gates near the source and the drain are 14 and 6 nm, respectively, and the work-functions are equal and 0.5 eV less than the work-function of the intrinsic carbon nanotube. The simulation is carried out in the ballistic regime using the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) in the mode space approach. The simulation results show that the proposed structure has a better am-bipolar behavior and less OFF current compared to a conventional junctionless structure with the same dimensions. In the new structure, the hot carrier effect is also reduced due to the reduced electric field near the drain, and with regard to a peak in the electric field curve at the junction of two gates, the gate control on the channel will be increased.
    Keywords: Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), Field Effect Transistor (FET), Junctionless, Non, Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF)
  • Navid Hosseinabadi * Pages 41-57
    Different Aluminum: alkaline earth metal atomic weight ratios effects on structure transformations in alanates nanopowders were studied. Changes in crystal structures from alane to alanates by increasing alkaline earth metals dopants in the mixture with slight changes in crystal structures from rhombohedral centered – trigonal (alane) to trigonal (magnesium alanate), and monoclinic (calcium alanate), while thermal behavior alters from one step dissociation at ~150 úC with ~ 8.1 wt% hydrogen release in alane to the two steps hydrogen releases in magnesium alanate at 130 and 285 úC with 7 and 2.1 wt% changes, and to the three steps hydrogen releases in calcium alanate at 127, 260, and 328 úC with 1.7, 2.1, and 4 wt% changes were indicated. Residual phases after dissociation are formed in aluminum and magnesium alloying systems and intermetallic phases like Mg2Al3 and Mg17Al12 with no sign of oxide formation and pure aluminum, Al4Ca, Al2Ca intermetallic phases and Ca in aluminum: Calcium system.
    Keywords: Alanates, Alkaline earth metals, Fuel processing, Hydrogen storage, Metal hydrides
  • Razieh Farazkish * Pages 58-67
    Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are an emerging technology and a possible alternative for semiconductor transistor based technologies. A novel fault-tolerant QCA full-adder cell is proposed: This component is simple in structure and suitable for designing fault-tolerant QCA circuits. The redundant version of QCA full-adder cell is powerful in terms of implementing robust digital functions. By considering two-dimensional arrays of QCA cells, fault tolerance properties of such block full-adder cell can be analyzed with misalignment, missing and dislocation cells. To verify the functionality of the proposed device, some physical proofs and computer simulations using QCADesigner are provided. Both simulation results and physical relations confirm our claims and its usefulness in designing fault-tolerant digital circuits.
    Keywords: Design, modeling, Fault, tolerant logic gates, Full, adder, Hardware redundancy, Nanoelectronic circuits, Quantum, dot cellular automata
  • Hasan Faraji, Mohammad Mosleh * Pages 68-78
    Physical limitations of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductors (CMOS) technology at nanoscale and high cost of lithography have provided the platform for creating Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA)-based hardware. The QCA is a new technology that promises smaller, cheaper and faster electronic circuits, and has been regarded as an effective solution for scalability problems in CMOS technology. Therefore, it is possible to generalize QCA to all digital components. Multipliers are considered as one of the most important building blocks of computational circuits in digital processing systems. The traditional design of multipliers results in wasting the resources and increasing computational time. This paper presents an effective implementation of QCA parallel multiplier based on Wallace tree. It is able to significantly reduce the occupied area by reducing the number of QCA cells and therefore increases the speed of multiplying operation. The proposed QCA multiplier is simulated by QCADesigner2.0.3 software. The simulation results confirm that the proposed QCA multiplier works well and can be used in high performance circuits in QCA technology. Moreover, the proposed QCA multiplier has less complexity and occupied area compared to other QCA multiplier designs.
    Keywords: Full adder, Half adder, Multiplier, nanotechnology, Quantum, dot cellular automata, Wallace tree
  • Alireza Golshan Tafti, Abosaeed Rashidi *, Habib-Allah Tayebi, Mohammad Esmail Yazdanshenas Pages 79-88
    In this work, adsorption kinetics were investigated in order to remove the acid blue 62 off the aqueous solutions using mesoporous silicate SBA-15 loaded with tannic acid (tannin-SBA-15). Nitrogen adsorption and desorption test (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis characterize synthesized composite. The impacts of some parameters such as PH, adsorbent dosage as well as contact time were studied and optimized at temperatures between 25 to 45 oC. The study also was conducted on intra-particle diffusion, pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Elovich kinetic models. In order to have the best correlation with the experimental data, the model of the second-order kinetics was discovered. The model of the intra-particle diffusion represents that both boundary layer and intra-particle diffusion processes control the mechanisms of adsorption of acid blue 62 onto tannin-SBA-15.
    Keywords: Acid blue 62, Adsorption, Adsorption kinetic model, SBA, 15, Tannic acid
  • Samira Moghaddam, Mohammad Mehdi Zerafat *, Samad Sabbaghi Pages 89-103
    In this research, Carbon-doped TiO2 nano-photocatalyst is synthesized via sol-gel technique and photo-catalytic degradation of phenol has been studied under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation in a fluidized bed reactor. Various techniques are used to characterize TiO2 nano-photocatalyst such as X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Based on the results, carbon is introduced into titania structure leading to enhanced response towards visible light. Response surface methodology is used to model the effect of various parameters such as pollutant concentration, pH, irradiation time, photo-catalyst content and Carbon to TiO2 molar ratio. The optimum degradation occurs at pH = 9, catalyst content = 2.5 (g/L), initial phenol concentration = 100 (mg/L), C to TiO2 molar ratio = 2.5 and irradiation time = 180 min. The results show that phenol photo-catalytic degradation kinetics follows Langmuir-Hinshelwood model very closely at optimal conditions. Phenol degradation is 75 % under ultraviolet irradiation during a 180 min period and 70 % under visible irradiation during a 420 min period. Based on the results, C-TiO2 nano-photocatalyst can be a good option for phenol removal under visible light irradiation.
    Keywords: Doping, Nano, Photocatalyst, Phenol, Response surface methodology, Ultraviolet