پژوهشنامه اقتصاد کلان
سال ششم شماره 11 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

In this paper endogenous models have been used to quantify the relation between the variables influencing on economic growth. The designed model is estimated by using Johansson five steps approach. On the base of endogenous model, Iran's economics growth has been introduced as an endogenous variable which is a function of investment in human capital, physical investment and foreign debt. Islamic revolution and imposed war on Iran have also been introduced as dummy variables.On the bases of this model one co integrated vector has been obtained which indicates that in the long run impact of increase in human capital accumulation and increase in physical capital accumulation on economic growth of Iran is positive and significant while the effect of increase in foreign debt is negative and significant. In addition this vector shows that in the long run human capital has had the most effect on the economic growth of the country.In order to attain a high rate of economic growth, expansion of investment in human and physical capital seems necessary. Moreover it is advised to rely on domestic saving instead of attraction of foreign capital and debt.

The main purpose of this article is to measure the relative importance of regional sectoral economy using traditional and modern approaches. The importance of sectors in the traditional approach only are possible based on intermediate technology between a regional, with the equal weight imposed in contract i.e. ‘unit’ in final demand or value-added sectors. In addition to intermediate technology in the new approach, the size of a real final demand, and a real value added sectors are play a key role in sensing the importance of sectors in the region. As compared to the traditional approach, in terms of policy and regional planning program, the modern approach has two distinct advantages: First, explaining the importance of sectors in proportion to the structure of regional economy and its basis on driven development; second, decomposition of spatial linkages analysis based on internal and external linkages. This paper not only highlights the development of new approach in the form of spatial linkages, but also it considers its usage in regional economy. Using an aggregated seven sectors of the 1380 IOT of Golestan province, the findings in traditional approach showed the importance of agriculture sector and other industries of the province; whereas in the modified modern approach, agriculture sectors, industries related to agricultural and service are the priority sectors which are more compatible with the structure of the economy of the province and consequently the basis development of the province.

The main objective of this research is the comparison of the role of institutional quality on natural resource curse among oil exporting countries. For this reason, the relationship between institutional quality and resource abundance along with economic growth have been investigated in two groups of major petroleum exporter (oil economies) and other oil exporter countries during the period of 1996-2007 using panel data model. The findings during the period of investigation in these countries indicate institutional quality has a positive effect and resource abundant has a negative effect on economic growth. While in oil economies, abundance of natural resources has led to decrease in institutional quality. So it has caused economic growth to more reduction. In other exporting countries, indirect effect of natural resources on economic growth through institutional quality channel is positive and it could mitigates negative impacts of resource abundant on economic growth. Therefore, it is suggested the necessity of improving the institutional quality for suitable allocation of high revenues of oil exports and to prevent of wasting economic resources in oil economies.

The purpose of this study is to estimate economic efficiency of electricity distribution companies in Iran and to find out its determinants using Stochastic Frontier Approach. To this end panel data of 41 companies for the period 2003-2006 was collected and economic efficiency has been estimated using Battese and Coelli’s error comonent (1992) and inefficiency effects (1995) models. The findings of the research showed that the average economic efficiency of electricity distribution companies in Iran during the studied period are 1.74 and 1.65 according to Battese and Coelli’s first and second models, respectively. Among the determinants of economic efficiency of these companies, the ratio of bank employees qualified with university education and working years have most influence on efficiency. Ghom and Gilan companies are ranked the highest and lowest level of economic efficiency in the studied period, respectively.

The relationship between economic growth and government share in economy is exposed to contention. The theoretical and practical studies have not acheive the same results.During the recent years, the relation between the government and economic growth has been titleled for a lot of studies. Especially Romer, Lucas and Barro's growth models, addes new points to a realm of discussion.In this paper, the relationship between the government consumption expenditures and economic growth is considered from this perspective that the government consumption expenditures is essential for continue to perform economic activities, but in the other hand, changes in government spending is associated with uncertainity. The results show that uncertainty in the government expenditure has a significant and negative effect on the private investment and economic growth.

In the economic literature, There are two hypothesizes on Twin Deficits: Keynesian proposition and Ricardian equivalence. According to Keynesian theory, the budget deficit affects the domestic and international economy, whereas the Ricardian equivalence will deny any relationship between budget deficit and other economic sectors, both inside and outside of economy.In this paper first the two hypothesizes of Keynesian and the Ricardian equivalence introduced and then by co- integration test and analysis of variance the relation among budget deficit, the consumption of the private sector and current account deficit and economic growth has been analyzed during the period of 1350-1385 in Iran. The results confirm the relationship among the budget and current account deficits and private consumption and economic growth. In other words, Ricardian equivalence is rejected in Iran.

The main goal of this study is the investigation of comparative advantages and priorities of target markets to export Iranian raw hides and skins. For this purpose, markets were ranked by using the combination of factor analysis and numerical taxonomy and utilizing the relevant indices over 2002-2006 time periods.The results show that Iran has comparative advantages in exporting raw hides and skin and its major rivals in these products are mainly developing countries like Paraguay, Uruguay and Ethiopia. Ranked markets to export of these products are Hong Kong, Brazil, Uruguay and China.