فهرست مطالب

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه
پیاپی 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

تاریخ انتشار: 1391/10/05
تعداد عناوین: 12

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

The Process of Identification and Selection of Coastal-Marine Protected Areas According to the Criteria of the World Conservation Union

Goshtasb Meygooni, H.* Page 7

Coastal areas being linked to sea and land are biologically rich and diverse compared to marine and land systems individually. However, the living organisms in these areas are exposed to a number of deteriorating pollutants from both systems. Direct discharge of pollutants from streams, surface run off and drainage from remote areas and industrial and municipal waste waters and many other pollutants from vessels could be listed as threatening factors in these areas. In addition, due to the pressure from human population this trend is worsening. Sustainable use of resources depends on consideration of the fact that some areas, particularly the remarkable formations along the coast should be kept naturally or at least strictly protected. The protection of marine biomes and their genetic diversity including all astonishing attributes of coastal-marine areas should come under the classification of world union of protection and managed with appropriate degrees of protection. The process of identification and selection of coastal- marine protected areas could be a part of land/sea use planning which have some common aspects. The difference between the planning for land and marine areas is that in land systems the planning is more extensive and the surrounding areas are also taken into account, whereas in marine areas, the protected area is a part of planning process and must be weighed according to the criteria of the world conservation union regarding the protected zones. Afterwards, methods such as Delphi can be used to control the entire process and select the optimum area for protection. Then, the planning process over the site is conducted. The four steps for selecting a protected area are collection or generation of data, data analysis, and synthesis of findings and application of the criteria in the selection process.
Keywords: Protected area, Coastal, marine zones, Management plan, Planning

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Sustainable Natural Resources Management with Cooperation of Rural Councils

Abedi, Sarvestani, A.* Page 19

Nowadays, rural councils as local organizations receive more attention in sustainable management of natural resources through public participation. Many countries are approaching the use of local organizations and rural councils in conserving natural resources. In Iran, National Resolution for Environmental Conservation emphasizes on using Islamic Rural Councils (IRC). The present article describes the results of a survey research conducted in the year 2010 on participation forms and technical capabilities of IRC members with regard to natural resources conservation in protected areas of Fars Province. This research indicated that most IRC members have a tendency to participate in natural resources conservation and especially in prevention of tree cutting and combating fire in jungles and rangelands. The mean score of the scale of technical capabilities of IRC members is about average. Furthermore, the scale of technical properties has a positive and significant correlation with the scale of participation forms of IRC members. The findings recommend that technical properties of IRC members should be reinforced.
Keywords: Islamic Rural Councils, Natural Resources Conservation, Participation

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Recognizing Uncertainty in Environmental Impact Assessment as One of the Main Factors Affecting the Results

Zebardastl.*, Yavari, A. R., Salehi, E. Makhdoum, M Page 27

Understanding natural systems, as the most complex known systems, has always been difficult for human beings who are themselves component of those systems. This fact has created a lot of uncertainty in environmental planning and management. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as a branch of environmental investigation is not an exception. Understanding the environmental components and their reactions to degradation is necessary in this assessment. However complexity in living systems and lack of knowledge about those interactions has made it difficult for us to understand the relationship and react to the changes. This fact influences the correct analysis and results of the assessment. Hence in many cases, the results of these assessments are far from reality. This research aims to introduce the concept of uncertainty in ecological research and then investigates this phenomenon in different methods of assessment for the factors affecting the uncertainty in EIA.
Keywords: Uncertainty, Environmental impact assessment, Environmental data, Assessment methods

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Application of L-THIA Model in the Impact Assessment of Land use Change Effects on Water Resources

Galdavis.*, Mohammadzadehm., Salmanmahinya., Najafi Nejad, A Page 35

Land use changes have considerable effects on the environment and direct reduction of water resources and water quality are two of them. In the present study, the L-THIA model has been applied to model and evaluate the hydrologic effects of land use change. L-THIA model is a hydrological model that is available through L-THIA GIS / NPS extension in Arcview software. L-THIA gives long-term average annual runoff for a land use configuration based on actual long-term climate data, soils, and land-use data. While most hydrological models are complex, expensive and require a lot of data and time, L-THIA model can take advantage of its simplicity, availability and only needs low cost data. In the present study, this model has been described to evaluate the effects of land use change on water resources. The model has been used in many studies in different areas all of them showing increased depth and volume of runoff after conversion of natural to manmade features. We find the need for land use planning and management programs to careful inclusion of the effects of land use change on water systems. Through application of this model and prediction of future land use scenarios, we can predict the impacts on surface water and design land use so as to cause the least negative impacts on water resources.
Keywords: Land use change, Development impact assessment, L, THIA model, Land use planning

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Abidar Park Tourist's Knowledge and Attitudes towards the Need to Protect the Environment

Tekyehkhahj.*, Azad Ahmadi, M Page 47

Tourism is inevitable for humans and is a behavior to satisfy their psychological needs and requirements. Travel to other parts of the world is one of the aspects of life in the twenty-first century. This is a descriptive study in 1389 in the tourist district Abidar located within the city of Sanandaj. In this study, a comprehensive questionnaire was used to collect data consisted of 23 questions and a total of 450 survey questionnaires were filled. The validity of the opinions of the experts were assessed which confirmed the contents of the questionnaire. The study variables included age, sex, education level, occupation, and monthly income, place of living, knowledge and attitudes of visitors to protected areas of the Abidar Park. The results of this study showed that mostly men and married men visit the park. To improve the facilities of the park, most visitors are willing to pay a cover charge and almost all tourists emphasized the natural landscape and the beauties of the Park Abidar and were excited about them. The research showed that Abidar visitors pay particular attention to the protection of natural areas and all aspects with aesthetic importance.
Keywords: Tourism, Recreation needs, Visitors, Park Abidar environment

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Bayes Theory and its Application to Environmental Impact Assessment

Nikoubazle.*, Salmanmahinya., Saddodin, A Page 57

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is one of the effective methods of environmental protection. The new methods of assessing the impacts of developments are much needed and useful to improve the environmental status in Iran. Nowadays, many researchers are using new methods in impact assessment. Bayesian network is one of the artificial intelligence methods and is used because of its simplicity and potential to consider uncertainty in data and include expert judgment when data is lacking. Bayesian network is a direct graphical model that uses conditional probability to determine the relationships between nodes, the environmental components and project’s activities. Bayesian network is useful for interdisciplinary sciences and uncertainty is high. We suggest this method is appropriate for decision making in natural resources and environment sciences.
Keywords: Bayesian networks, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Uncertainty

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Prioritization and Selection of Protected Areas Using Simulated Annealing Algorithm

Mehria.*, Salmanmahiny, A. R., Mirkarimih., Rezaei, H. R Page 68

Most of the current protected areas in Iran have been selected using a non-systematic approach or at best used the general IUCN criteria. Economics and policies have important roles in the selection of such areas which in some cases contradict with their ecological values. Hence, most of these areas have relatively low economic value. Also, there are different goals and criteria for protection while people have different standpoints that create a situation where various sites are candidate for protection. Hence, there is a need to an approach that simultaneously considers all of these criteria, and goals and selects the largest, the most complete and integrated area for protection. One of the approaches to reach this goal is artificial intelligence. This approach includes different computer algorithms that present near optimal solutions based on the definition of an objective function. One of the most widely used algorithms in the optimization process and spatial arrangement of suitable sites is simulated annealing. This algorithm considers different areas for protection. In this algorithm, a multi-dimensional space is characterized in terms of objectives and various options are produced, that accommodate our multi-dimensional goals. Finally, areas that meet our objectives are selected. In the present paper, the application of simulated annealing, in the optimization process and in the prioritization and selection of suitable areas for protection through Marxan Software is discussed. Vegetation types and wildlife distribution areas have been used as protection criteria. Multi criteria evaluation and zonal land suitability were used to produce wildlife distribution maps. Result of the Marxan is a map of suitable sites for protection which can be used for selection of new areas and amendment of the current protected areas.
Keywords: Systematic selection of protected areas, Simulated annealing, Marxan, Optimization

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
The Ecology of Dust

Jason P. Field, Jayne Belnap, David D. Breshears, Jason C. Neff, Gregory S. Okin, Jeffrey J. Whicker, Thomas H. Painter, Sujith Ravi, Marith C. Reheis, Richard L. Reynolds, Translated By: H. Moradi* Page 81

Wind erosion and associated dust emissions play fundamental roles in many ecological processes and provide important biogeochemical connectivity at scales ranging from individual plants up to the entire globe. Yet, most ecological studies do not explicitly consider dust-driven processes, perhaps because most relevant research on aeolian (wind-driven) processes has been presented in a geosciences rather than an ecological context. To bridge this disciplinary gap, we provide a general overview of the ecological importance of dust, examine complex interactions between wind erosion and ecosystem dynamics from the scale of plants and surrounding space to regional and global scales, and highlight specific examples of how disturbance affects these interactions and their consequences. It is likely that changes in climate and intensification of land use will lead to increased dust production from many drylands. To address these issues, environmental scientists, land managers, and policy makers need to consider wind erosion and dust emissions more explicitly in resource management decisions.
Keywords: Climate change, Landuse change, Land cover, Dust

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian

علمی مصوب

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه

Environment and Development Journal

دوفصلنامه علوم پایه

آخرین شماره | آرشیو

ISSN: 2008-9597

صاحب امتیاز:

انجمن ارزیابی محیط زیست ایران

مدیر مسئول:

دکتر مجید مخدوم فرخنده

سردبیر:

دکتر عبدالرسول سلمان ماهینی

تلفن نشریه: ۰۲۱-۶۶۹۵۰۸۴۸

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فهرست مطالب

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه پیاپی 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه

Environment and Development Journal

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه
پیاپی 6 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)