فهرست مطالب

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان1393)

بهای روی جلد: 50,000ريال
تاریخ انتشار: 1393/07/07
تعداد عناوین: 11

فارسی
English

انتخاب همه

A Review of Open Space Planning Models

Mobarghaein.*, Torbati, F Pages 5-12

To resolve the conflicts between the needs of development and satisfy the necessity of protecting the natural and cultural resources، land use planning has been widely used all around the world. Parallel with this، the importance of open spaces as the provider of ecological and environmental services in daily life has become known ever more and their inclusionin the process has affected the landuse planning application. For this reason، various methods and approaches have been developed according to different aspects of urban open spaces planning program. The aim of this review article is investigation of the models that are normally used in the open spaces planning، and evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses. In this regard، a comparative classification has been used for the models and their ability to respond to the needs of development and protection of the natural values has been highlighted.
Keywords: Land use planning, Open space planning model, environmental protection

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Scale-Based Planning Process in Landscape Restoration Using Landscape Ecology Approach

Ahmadif.*, Bemanianm., Ansari M Page 13

Planning at the landscape scale hasgoals and strategies designedand adjustedto this scale. The aim of this planning is to achieve sustainable design with participation of different groups such as ecologists, planners, landscape architects, economists and other relevant bodies.Adescriptive- analytic method was applied in the current research to present scale to the planning process in landscape restoration. Based onthe analysis of the criteria obtained from theoretical bases, a questionnaire wasrandomlydistributed among 65 experts of landscape design, environmental design and ecologists and SPSS software was used for analyzing the gathered data. The results of this research indicate that landscape scale planning involves integrated analysis of the current status of the landscape, dimension analysis in landscape scale (temporal, spatial and modification dimensions), landscape condition assessment, functional disorders and visual disturbance analysis, landscape’s need and identification of the conservation and development goals. The results also emphasize on categorizing the planning strategies intothree groups of conservation, restoration and development. If the landscape has low visual disturbance and weak condition, conservation strategies have to be suggested. Conversely, in low visual disturbance and functional disorders, restoration strategies should be used. Finally, if the landscape has low functional disorders and visual disturbance and is in good condition, conservation strategies should be recommended.
Keywords: Landscape planning, Landscape ecology, Scale planning

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Guideline for Design and Construction of Sustainable Walking Tracks in Natural Recreational Areas

Rafiani Khachakp.*, Mohammadzadehm., Mirkarimi, S. H Page 21

As population and public interest in maintaining health and leisure increase, the need for tourism and recreational facilities and resources increases. Walking tracks as a primary recreational infrastructure are a basic component of facilities connecting visitors to nature with low negative impacts on the environment. Well-designed trails not only create a harmony between user and location but also provide users with access to areas to learn, recreate, exercise, and to observe and interpret nature. Increasing recreational use on poorly designed and maintained recreational trails lead to a variety of negative impacts on natural resources. Considering the importance of designing and constructing recreational walking tracks in planning and management of natural areas, this literature review focuses on designing and building principles of sustainable walking tracks in natural areas. Reviewing of resources showed that it is particularly important to consider the conservational values of the area prior to finalizing any track layout. Therefore, knowledge of the environmental relationships is important in locating, designing, constructing, and maintaining sustainable tracks. Finally, classificationsof walking tracks in design and developmentprocess increasesthe recreational experience of the visitors, and allow land managers to provide suitable levels of facilities and management. This study provides fundamental principles in design and construction of sustainable walking tracks as a guideline for walking tracks planning, development and management in natural recreational areas of Iran.
Keywords: Walking tracks, Design, Construct, Management

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
A Comparative Study of Methods for Quality Evaluation and Management of Tourism Natural Resources

Hashemi, S. M.*., Mohammadzadehm., Mirkarimi, S. H Page 31

The aim of planning and management of tourism innatural resources is to develop and conserve natural resources and their attractions. The characteristics of tourism resources and attractions provide the basis of tourism industry development in each country. To provide tourists satisfaction of tourism resources and attractions, efficient management of these areas is essential which can be achieved through quality evaluation of the attractions with conservation as the main core of the assessment. Quality of tourism attractions and resources is the most important factor when choosing a tourismdestination and heavily impacts on the tourists satisfaction. However, to provide proper context for the development of tourism by attracting visitors and increasing their satisfaction, identification of attractions and then planning and assessment for their sustainable development is necessary. This paper attempts to provide proper planning tools for recreational areas through presenting and comparing various methods of quality evaluation andmanagementof naturaltourism attractions and determination of their natural talent. Application of the appropriate methods by managers maintainsand improvesrecreational areasand eliminates limiting factors. This in turn increases satisfaction and attracts more visitors, while minimizing their effects and leads to economic growth and a sustainable development of the tourism.
Keywords: Quality evaluation, Natural resources, Attractions, Tourism, Tourists satisfaction

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Desertification Assessment Using Bayesian Belief Networks

Boualia.*, Basharih., Jafari, R Page 43

Desertification is a permanent loss of land productivity due to change in the ecological parameters and management conditions andcan take place in various climates. Appropriate management practices to prevent desertification should be applied and decision support tools can also assist managers to select the best management options. It is a difficult task for mangers to take decision when they are uncertain about the outcomes of various environmental conditions and their management practices and when there are uncertainties in understanding the ecosystem behavior under stress. Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) models provide an appropriate tool to accommodate uncertainty in the prediction of these systems. The BBN models graphically represent system variables and their cause-and-effect relationships. These models can be used for scenario and diagnostic analyses and can be applied in areas where empirical data are scarce through utilizing expert knowledge. In this paper, the capability of BBN models in desertification assessment and management is discussed using an example from a Chinese desert.
Keywords: Bayesian theory, Netica software, Conditional probabilities, Combating desertification

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Microbial Biosensors: Tools for Detection and Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants

Brahimim., Sarikhani M. R.* Page 51

Environmental pollution is a worldwide problem and it is necessary to develop sensitive, effective and inexpensive methods, which can efficiently monitor and determine the level of hazardous contaminant in the environment. Microbial biosensors are analyticaldevices for quantitative and qualitative determination of environmental pollutants and these devices integrate microorganisms with a transducer to generate a measurable signal proportional to the concentration of the analytes. Biosensors are being developed for different applications, including environmental monitoring, food processing and quality control of food, agriculture and medical applications. Recently, genetically engineered microorganisms based on fusing of the lux, luc, gfp or lacZ gene reporters to an inducible gene promoter have been widely applied to assay toxicity. The biological recognition element responds to the target compound and the transducer converts the biological response to a detectable signal (bioluminescence, green fluorescent protein and production of blue color in presence of X-gal; respectively), which can be measured and correlated with the analyte concentration. The present approach is based on the use of bacteria that are genetically engineered so that a measurable signal is produced when the bacteria are in contact with the toxicant. Conventionally, many samples have to be analyzed in order to detect and identify the environmental pollutants and their dangerous effects. Bioreporters provide an alternative approach for identifying of soil and water pollutants. Reporter genes are widely used as tools for quantification and detection of biosensors as specific and sensitive devices for measuring biologically relevant concentrations of pollutants.
Keywords: Biosensor, Bioreporter, gfp, luc, lux

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
The Role of Islamic-Ecologic Ethic in Creating Commitment to International Treaties on Environmental Issues

Zebardast, L.* Page 63

The transboundary nature of environmental problems results in difficulties in managing and achieving suitable solutions for these issues.In order to address, control and reduce the impacts of these environmental problems, international treaties can be resorted. In this article, lack of assurance for executing these treaties and also the overall characteristics of life support systems has been mentioned.I have also noted that it is not possible to simply assign penalty measures to the states violatingthese treaties. Thus, to overcome these difficulties, deep understanding of the environment through ecological science with two concepts of socio-ecological system and panarchy, environmental ethics with emphasis on psychological commitments and Islamic view about humans as God’s representative on earth can lead to increasing the individual and social responsibilities. In this paper, I have shown that Islamic view has an integrated and holistic perspective and emphasizes on the unity of the whole universe and also concerns the importance of preventing degradation of earth and its reclamation. Therefore, I believe that this approach can be helpful in addressing environmental issues and changes at the international scale. In this research, by analyzing Islamic views toward the environment, it is stated that because of importance of justice in Islam and the responsibility of people and their governors towards other people, obeying international treaties by all countries is an important responsibility of all people and their governments around the globe.
Keywords: International treaties, Socio, ecological systems, Islamic, moral point of view

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian
Evaluation of Visitors Perspectives for Planning of National Botanical Garden of Iran

Panahip.*, Hasaninejadm., Zandebasirim., Pourhashemi, M Page 73

This research was carried out in National Botanical Garden of Iran (N.B.G.I) to evaluate the perspectives of visitors for optimum planning of the garden. National Botanical Garden of Iran with an area of 145 ha and more than 40 years old, is the biggest in the Middle East. This garden is located in the vicinity of Chitgar Forest Park, west of Tehran. Regarding the garden’s opening to public visitors and the importance of visitors’ perspectives in planningand management of this area, we tried to assess the garden through a social sampling process. A questionnaire was designed to find the planning priorities in N.B.G.I and was distributed in two forms of probable and non-probable among different people. Based on the Cochran formula, 200 visitors were selected in the probable method. Also, experts and key stakeholders were selected in non-probable method. Analysis of the answers showed that the non-governmental visitors and expert visitors comprised the maximum and minimum proportion of visitors, respectively. Furthermore, the non-probable method was superior to the probable method in determination of planning priority. We found that the relation of the garden with similar abroad botanical gardens and other relevant institutes is an important aspect of planning the N.B.G.I.
Keywords: Visitors, National Botanical Garden of Iran, Planning, Questionnaire

Abstract View Paper Original: Persian

علمی مصوب

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه

Environment and Development Journal

دوفصلنامه علوم پایه

آخرین شماره | آرشیو

ISSN: 2008-9597

صاحب امتیاز:

انجمن ارزیابی محیط زیست ایران

مدیر مسئول:

دکتر مجید مخدوم فرخنده

سردبیر:

دکتر عبدالرسول سلمان ماهینی

تلفن نشریه: ۰۲۱-۶۶۹۵۰۸۴۸

اطلاعات بیشتر نشریه

درباره نشریه پیام به نشریه سایت اختصاصی نشریه پذیرش الکترونیکی مقاله راهنمای نویسندگان

به جمع مشترکان مگیران بپیوندید!

فهرست مطالب

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان1393)

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه

Environment and Development Journal

نشریه محیط زیست و توسعه
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان1393)