نشریه علامه
پیاپی 54 (پاییز 1397)

The prominent personality of the holy prophet (peace be upon him) has been always focused for conceptualization and visualization by the poets and writers such as Shahriyar and Heydar Heli as the contemporary Iranian and Iraqi poets. These poets have expressed the prophet’ personality by influence of Quran and literary genres. This descriptive-analytical research has been conducted based on American literary principles of comparative literature. It has tried to analyze these poets’ ideas and representation of the personality of the holy prophet (peace be upon him) in their poems and study the contents and some poetical structures, rhetorical points, artistic images and commonalities and differences between these poets. Both poets have visualized the events of the prophet life including ascension and the story of Mubahala (cursing) and etc. under the influence of Quran and noble hadiths in the best way. The words of Seyyed Hydar in the praise of the holy prophet (peace be upon him) personality are sophisticated and epical which introduce him as an epical poet. In contrary, the Turkish and Persian poems of Shahriyar include inner emotions and romantic affections that have been combined by his honest feelings and offered musical aspects to his poems using soft and simple vocabularies.

Many scholars and literary men have analyzed and contemplated on the poets and writers works with different approaches in the history. For this reason, various literary criticism methods have been created for content analysis and uncovering the hidden and neglected aspects of valuable literary works. In this regard, the traces of seasons change can be found in the poets, writers and artists’ works. Ferridun Moshiri is one of the prominent contemporary poets. The seasons change and related elements have had specific psychological and affective influence on his works. This research aimed at investigating the impact of the psychology of the seasons on Moshiri’s artistic creation. This research provides us the opportunity to analyze his poems content from psychological perspective in order to find his affective world and ideas and understand his works well. The study of Moshiri’s works depicted that the impact of seasons and related elements including various colors, warmth and coldness and etc. have been manifested broadly in his artistic creation. The research results showed the frequency of employing different seasons, the relationship between the poet unconsciousness and being influenced by the circulation of the nature and the impact of the poet attitude toward the nature and his ideology in representation of the seasons’ effects in Moshiri’s works.

Discussion about inner change of nature or dialectic is a theme that many of philosophers has took upon that at the course of the history of philosophy .this has been investigated from such these aspects as: relation of objects and phenomenon, movement and constantly change, negation of negative, evolution of the objects of the nature, unity of tow oppositions and… . Therefore, with focus on the course of the history of philosophy has been cleared that doctrine of consistence and change is from the more central discussions of the course. Although some of philosophers (like Parmenides) denies the Flux theory of nature, but Heraclitus is the pioneer of philosophers that can't think about nature unless they suppose movement of nature. Logos, Change, Opposition, and unity in plurality are foundations that he based his Flux theory on those. Mola'na' _ one of pioneers of mysticism in Islam- has think about change of nature, but metaphysically. For him nature has been changed because God wills that. God's will is why the nature changed and constantly phenomenon are concealed and unconcealed or die and revive. Now, along this article we try to analysis and compare the theories of tow thinkers and show that, differences of the thoughts of those are formal and ultimately will conclude the common points of thinkers about inner change of nature.

Muslih Bin Abdullah through a linguistic epistemology and charming speech, this pious delivered trainer conveys, in prose and poetry, the greatest rhetorical and ethical contents involved in the world's comfort and the other world's convenience to social groups at all levels particularly for the median and intellectual authorities. And he never seems to give up his training duties. He makes use of philosophical, dialectical, and artistic methodology to illustrate his points. The result of all these traits in Sa’di contributes to his universal and permanently staying language. In one of his verses recorded in his admonition, he gives an advice in poetic and philosophical language stating that human being not acquiring the requirements of knowledge and divine wisdom deserve despising and punishment – and this should be taken as one of his training qualifications. In this article, I have tried to restore the philosophical concepts and terminologies inherent in his poetic language from the writings of his antecedents and his contemporaries in order to infer the wisdom behind his poem and interpret it in the philosophical Persian language of his era. The results from this article show that Sa’di truly deserves the term "human" for those who could harvest virtues, temperance, bravery, and divine wisdom from the farm of carnal so, animal soul, and rationality and could arrive at the destination of creating human, i.e. eternal success (the sum of ethical advantages). He takes granted the blessing of the divine in this difficult path.

Love is one the key concepts in Ibn Arabi mysticism that provides the base of the creation of existence. Ibn Arabi has own logic and style for expressing the truths of love. For this reason, Henry Corbin uses “dialectic of love” for Ibn Arabi style. He considers love as an essence that its truth is not obvious, since it is perceivable by experience, it has no unknown truth, because it can be understood by knowledge of presence (Farhanipour, 2015:46- 47). Fakhreddin Eraqi is one of the eminent scholars that have propagated the ideas of Ibn Arabi. Eraqi has reflected his ideas on love in his works including Lamat(Tastes) Oshaq Nameh( the Book of Lovers) and Ghazals. He is sometimes the narrator of Ibn Arabi thoughts in this scope and sometimes he retell his intuitions and observations in love. This article aimed at studying Iban Arabi ideas on love in Eraqi ghazals. This research was conducted by content analysis and the main ideas and thoughts of Ibn Arabi and Eraqi on love have been compared. The results showed that Eraqi’ ghazals are influenced by Ibn Arabi dialectic of love and the main difference lies in the manner of poetic expression and imaginative language of Eraqi.

In the present study, it is tried to compare and contrast the basic characteristics in the lyrics of Ahmad Shamlou and Jobran Khalil Jobran and their similarities and differences are explained in their lyrics. These poets connected love with the epic, defeat, sacrifice, life and etc. That reflects the full view of the most delicate human emotions and feelings. Their poetic styles are free from imitation and repetition due to mental freshness and modernity and there is no usual talk between the lover and beloved. And modern and new images are seen as permanent and dynamic in their occasions. Although romances of Shamlou are full of anger and harshness for being placed at the center of suffocation society, Jobran in most of the cases has faced the issues more optimistic due to being away from homeland and having freedom of expression .

Conflict is one of the necessities of social life occurred due to conflict of two demands or desires. Conflict is happened when two or some individuals are placed in contradicted condition because of differences in their needs, demands, goals and values. Conflict management is indeed the management of conflict among individuals, between two groups or between two organizations. Therefore, awareness, knowledge and skills of conflict management are essential for employing the principles of conflict management. The contemporary literature, especially Sadegh Hedayat’ works narrate various conflicts and contradictions that their negative consequences have veiled the themes of his stories. Undoubtedly, the most important feature of conflict and its negative and positive consequences are seen in Sadegh Hedayat stories. In this article, the story of “Buried Alive” and significant points in the scope of interpersonal conflict and the causes and conflictive situations have been investigated. The conflicts in the mentioned story have been analyzed according to the theories of conflict management and the level of consistency of these theories with the story sophisticated organization has been measured.

In the early fiftieth decade, following a break with the traditional bourgeois theater, a form of dramatic literature emerged in France. Its aim was to transfer the exhaustion and disintegration of the language of expression instead of representing the reality. This construct is the result of disappearance of human-humanistic values and anti-rationalism that together raised the important philosophical-literary question in the literary circles (the Circle of Theater of the Absurd): Has the existence become meaningless and immortal? It should be noted that the striking social-political events of 1939-1945 in Western Europe strongly influenced contemporary human thoughts and created other directions in cultural, philosophical and literary structure. In this regard, Samuel Beckett has gone further than his other contemporary rival play writers of that era (the 50th Golden Decade of the Twentieth Century) and with a profoundly philosophical look pointed to the philosophical content of the “human state” and all his thoughts and concerns witness this important issue depicting that the man feels loneliness and indigence in life. This article aimed at studying the intellectual-linguistic deconstruction in Samuel Beckett’s dramatic literature from the perspective of his three famous plays of “Waiting for Godot”, “End of the Game” and “Good Days”. This literature uses any possible language and play to express the important issue of human state and the existence meaninglessness with a ridiculous and humorous statement.