فهرست مطالب

Podoces
Volume:11 Issue: 1, 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/06/13
  • تعداد عناوین: 3
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  • Gunawan, Nani, Ranti Fauziah, Zulham, Djamaludin, Hendry Pramono, Annisa Yuniar Pages 1-6
    Raptors play important roles in forests but they are threatened by illegal trade, hunting, habitat destruction and the use of pesticides. The location of raptor nests is important for determining appropriate conservation measures and, to halt poaching for illegal trade, it is also important to involve local people in raptor conservation. Gunung Halimun Salak National Park in western Java, Indonesia, is one of the few remaining habitats of the endangered endemic Javan Hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi and the Changeable Hawk-eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus in Indonesia. This research aimed to locate the nesting places of Javan and Changeable Hawk-eagles, to describe the characteristics of these locations, and also to monitor the breeding success of individuals at each nest. We discovered that finding Javan Hawk-eagle nests was more difficult than finding Changeable Hawk-eagle nests. The Javan Hawk-eagles build their nests in taller trees, at higher altitudes, on steeper slopes and closer to water sources. Based on three years of monitoring of seven nests of Changeable Hawk-eagles and five nests of Javan Hawk-eagles in the national park, the breeding success of the Changeable Hawk-eagle was found to be higher than that of the Javan Hawk-eagle.
    Keywords: Javan Hawk, eagle, Changeable Hawk, eagle, Gunung Halimun Salak, National Park, Nesting, Breeding
  • A. Samson*, B. Ramakrishnan, A. Veeramani, P. Ravi Pages 7-12
    Vultures are nature’s most successful scavengers, and they provide an array of ecological, economic and cultural services. There are nine species of vulture found in the Indian sub-continent, four of which are found in the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve viz. Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus, White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis and Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus. During this study, a total of 120 (Mean SE 2.92± 0.96) individuals of four vulture species and two old nests were recorded, with the White-rumped Vulture G. bengalensis (n=98, 3.5±1.39) being the dominant species. Among the vegetation, Thorn Forest (n=75, 4.41±2.27) attracted the greatest number of vultures. Apparently, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve still provides a sufficient number of wild ungulates as food for vultures.
    Keywords: Density, Habitat preference, Mudumalai, Nesting, Raptors, Scavenging, Vulture
  • Sangam Khalil*, Maqsood Anwar, Tanveer Hussain, Muhammad Rafay, Irfan Ashraf, Muhammad Abdullah, Muhammad Safeer, Awais Rasool Pages 13-20
    This study was conducted to investigate food habits of the Grey Francolin in the Salt Range (Chumbi Surla Wildlife Sanctuary and Diljabba Domeli Game Reserve). For this purpose¡ 28 crop and gizzard samples of the Grey Francolin were collected from local hunters/poachers. These samples were collected in different seasons; spring (n=6)¡ summer (n=4)¡ autumn (n=7) and winter (n= 11) and during the morning and evening hours. In total¡ twelve food items were recovered from 28 samples. Eight food items consisted of plant materials (leaves and seeds) were identified as Brassica rapa¡ Pennisetum typhoideum¡ Carthemus oxycantha¡ Eruca sativa¡ Triticum aestivum¡ Vigna radiata¡ Oxalis corniculata and Sorghum bicolor. Three food items belong to animal parts were from three different orders of insects; Formica rufa (Hymenoptera)¡ Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera). The total weight of their gut with food contents was 147.1 gm (10.50.26) in the morning while in the evening¡ the weight of their gut with food contents was 115.86 gm (8.27.53). The consumption of plant materials washigh in spring (2.33.89) and summer (2.59.67) compared with autumn (1.23.48) and winter (1.47.65). The consumption of insects as compared with plant materials showed seasonal variation as it was higher in summer (4.15.93) and winter (2.5.44) as compared to spring (1.56.88) and autumn (2.38.03). Comparison of the weight of different food items collected during the morning and evening times using student’s paired t-test in QI Macros-2014 showed that there was significant difference between the weight of contents of the morning and evening and the selection of plant and animal species during the time of the day.
    Keywords: Grey Francolin, Food composition, Crop analysis, Salt Range