مجله بررسی های حسابداری
پیاپی 10 (بهار 1395)

It is expected that audit quality decrease information asymmetry. However, audit quality has different proxies and their effect will be different. Among these proxies this research reviews the effect of audit size, auditor tenure and turn, on agency costs as a proxy of information asymmetry in Tehran Stock Exchange. In this way, this research uses multivariate regression for a sample of 888 companies between 2007 and 2015 and controls factors known to impact information asymmetry. According to the results, among three proxies of audit quality, only audit turn shows positive and meaningful relationship with information asymmetry. In addition¡ among control variables, company size and debit ratio have same effect on it. As such, in order to increase audit quality and improve available informations, it is recommended that Iran Stock Exchange Organization pay more attention to agency costs.

Financial and economic decisions are always risky due to the uncertainty about future. In this regard, financial reporting could include useful information about predicting risk. The purpose of this study is to predict the systematic risk based on Ant Colony Algorithms and Lars Algorithms for firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchanged from 2010 to 2014. 154 firms (770 firm-year) as the sample of the study was selected. The beta factor used for measuring firm's systematic risk. The results showed that Ant Colony Algorithms and Lars Algorithm could predict systematic risk with a 1.252 percent and 1.563 percent error, respectively. In fact, we could say that the mentioned algorithm could predict the systematic risks with good accuracy.

Earlier research has shown that the choice of accounting policy (conservative or aggressive) by the chief financial officers influences financial reports and the delivery of future performance. The preparation of the financial statements is also believed to affect the reliability of accounting information conservatism ads. On the other hand, one of the factors influencing the decision-making, is preparing appropriate financial statements and increasing content quality. In this regard, the main objective of this experimental study was the role of accounting procedure on disclosurequality and the performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange is that the sample consisted of 86 companies in the 2006-2014 periods. The results of testing the first main hypothesis suggest a significant negative relationship between accounting procedures and disclosurequality there. In other words, it was found that to the extent that chief financial officers work in the direction of conservative accounting policy choices, the disclosurequality will also increase. Also, the results of the second hypothesis showed a significant relationship between the accounting procedure and financial performance.

Prior studies document that accrual income plays a significant role in pricing process. Timing and mismatch problems between revenue and expenses and how to identify these items may disturb reliability and usefulness of accruals income. Managers are able to manipulate accrual items in order to report income consistent with generally accepted accounting principles but in their benefits. Prior studies show that audit industry specialization and independent non-executive directors may limit earnings management. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of audit industry specialization and board independency on earnings management. Consequently, 77 firms over the period of 1381-1392 were selected from the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. This study uses a market share approach in order to identify audit industry specialization. In addition, board independency is the number of independent non-executive directors as reported in the companies’ annual report, divided by the total number of directors. Findings of this study show a negative and significant relationship between board independency and earnings management. In addition, there is a negative and significant relationship between audit industry specialization and earnings management. Finally, this study documents a negative and significant effect of the interaction term between board independency and audit industry specialization on earnings management.

Because of agency problems, corporates managers may not apply the corporate resources in the direction of shareholders benefits. Corporate governance can improve this problem. The main purpose of this research is the assessment of the effect of corporate governance on the earnings management that is accepted by the corporate with Initial Public Offering (IPOs) in Tehran Stock Exchange. To determine corporate governance, we used the criteria of the percentage of independent directors on the board of directors. Also, in order to measure the earnings management, we used Jones model (1991). In this research, 45 companies with Initial public offering in Tehran Stock Exchange were examined during the period of 1382 to 1392. In order to test the research hypotheses, we used multiple-regression model for data analysis. Results suggested that there was no significant correlation between the corporate governance and the discretionary accruals. In addition, discretionary accruals showed a negative effect on cash flow from the operational activity in the year after IPO. Corporate governance had a positive effect on discretionary accruals for the forecast of operational cash flows in the year after IPO.

Investigating the role of aggressive initial forecast on the relationship between management forecast error (MFE) and executive cash compensation is the main target of this study. The study period covered the years between 1389 and 1393 and the statistical sample of the study included 125 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). We used Panel-Data Regression and EGLS method to estimate the model parameters. The results of testing the hypotheses of the study for each of the five years and the pooled sample indicate existence of a positive and meaningful relationship between the two factors of management earning forecast error and executive cash compensation. Also, the positive relationship was observed between the management earning forecast error and executive cash compensation is strengthened while the current realized earning exceeds aggressive initial forecast.