مجله بررسی های حسابداری
پیاپی 7 (تابستان 1394)

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the significance of fraud risk factors and determine the prevalence of these factors in the industries of the province of Yazd. The population of this research is the users of financial statements in Yazd province. Data were gathered by a questionnaire containing demographic questions and 41 cases of fraud risk factors listed in the American Statement of Auditing Standard No. 99 that was used to design and verify its validity and reliability. Results of ranking fraud risk factors using fuzzy TOPSIS technique show option «lack of adequate monitor on the importance of internal controls» rank shows in the industry in Yazd first. In addition, the test results showed that there were no significant differences between the importance and prevalence of fraud risk factors; but, personal characteristics (such as age, sex, education, occupation, etc.) had a significant impact on people's view of the importance of fraud risk factors.

To restrict undesirable investor’s perception and create more awareness about future prospects, companies make voluntary disclosure. Providing voluntary information about identification, measurement and disclosure of accounting numbers in financial statements lead to attracting investors and effectively helping to improve the company's financial situation and managerial portrait. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the level of voluntary disclosure and cost of capital of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. Botosan's (1997) check list which has been adjusted by Kashanipour et al. (2009) was utilized to measure voluntary disclosure level. The check list consists of 71 indices through six sections of background information, summery of historical results, key non-financial statistics, segments information, projected information and management discussion and analysis. Moreover, cost of capital variable is measured by using Gordon model. To test research hypotheses multivariate regression with panel data is utilized. The results show that there is no significant relationship between voluntary disclosure level and cost of capital of 122 listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange during 2003-2011.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CEO Overconfidence and the restated financial statements. In this study, using systematic removal, 104 companies from companies listed on the stock exchange during the years 1392 to 1383 were studied. To analyze the data, a statistical analysis of multiple regression (logit model) was used. The results show that the number of days to change the restated financial statements is not associated with the stock price, but indicates a significant negative relationship with the percentage of increase or decrease in the stock price of the restated financial statements. Thus, the results indicate a negative and significant relationship between levels of overconfidence and restated financial statements

Improving the quality of business in today's world is one of the important factors. Companies use Total Quality management to achieve a high level of quality. Intangible assets, particularly, intellectual capital of companies, play a key role in achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. The present study examined the effect of intellectual capital on total quality management. The study sample included companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Statistical analysis indicated a positive relationship between intellectual capital and tendency for continuous improvement. Also, intellectual capital affects the use of quality management techniques.

Holdings and business groups have more incentives to manipulate their earnings for tax purposes. They have higher flexibility for transferring income through intragroup transactions by managing transfer pricing between each other. Also, the members of business groups have the ability to allocate incomes and losses between taxable and tax-exempted firms to pay less taxes. The aim of this study was to identify and explain the tax incentives in favor of business groups in the management of listed companies in Stock Exchange of Tehran. To test research hypotheses, unbalanced panel model and OLS were used. The results of examining 146 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2005-2014 showed that the companies belonging to the business groups manage their earnings more than independent firms. Also, the results showed that earnings management in companies belonging to various business groups is higher compared with other groups´ (undiversified) firms. The results showed that the main motivation of earnings management in the business groups (undiversified and diversified) is tax incentive. In fact, the goal of earnings management in the companies of business groups is paying less tax. The results show that in business groups (diversified and undiversified), in which the principal unit owns over 50% of the subsidiary company, higher earnings management occurs.

This study deals with the impact of earnings management upon the reaction of market to the extraordinary gains. Excessive earnings management prevents investors from forming logical expectations about the future perspective of the company. Consequently, the accrued interest fails to convey the relevant information about the stocks value to the shareholders. In such instances, the accounting earnings may reflect the manager's personal interests or a biased analysis by analysts leading to incorrect pricing on the market. In order to conduct an empirical investigation of this issue, the data concerning 810 companies accepted for Tehran SEC from 2002 to 2009 were analyzed. The findings indicated that investors in companies with increased earnings due to the earnings management showed a milder reaction to the extraordinary gains than companies that had not managed their earnings. This was the reverse with companies whose earnings management efforts resulted in a decrease in earnings.