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Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine - Volume:8 Issue: 3, Apr 2018

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Apr 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/02/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Parvin Poorgholam, Parichehreh Yaghmaei, Zahra Hajebrahimi * Pages 188-197
    Objective
    Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of amyloid beta in the hippocampus. In recent decades, herbal medicine has been widely used to treat many neurodegenerative disorders,as in comparison to conventional drugs, herbal remedies exert minimal side effects. Here, the effects of thymoquinone, as the main active component of Nigella sativa, on passive avoidance memory in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, were evaluated.
    Materials And Methods
    Hippocampal injection of amyloid beta (Aβ) was used to induce Alzheimer’s disease in male Wistar rats, followed by intra peritoneal administrations of 5 and 10 mg/kg thymoquinone on a daily basis for 4 weeks. Animals were subjected to fear learning behavior in passive avoidance test and histopathological analysis of the hippocampus was done. Shuttle box test was used to evaluate the condition studying memory. Thioflavin-S and Hematoxylin and Eosine staining were done to confirm Aβ plaque formation and to evaluate the effect of thymoquinone on the pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 region.
    Results
    Amyloid beta caused cognitive dysfunction reflected by increasing initial and step-through latency along with plaque formation and degeneration of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Thymoquinone administration ameliorated this effect by significant reductions in plaque formation in CA1 region of the hippocampus and increased latency time. It also increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampus.
    Conclusion
    It seems that thymoquinone improved learning function in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, thymoquinone could be possibly used as an anti-neurodegenerative agent for protecting hippocampal neurons against neurotoxic effects of Aβ in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
    Keywords: Alzheimer disease, Thymoquinone, Rat, amyloid beta, Nigella sativa
  • Nahid Maleki-Saghooni, Khadijeh Mirzaii, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Ramin Sadeghi, Morvarid Irani * Pages 198-209
    Objective
    We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis study to determine saffron (Crocus sativus) effectiveness and safety in male infertility problems.
    Materials And Methods
    The databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex and Magiran until July 2016 and reference section of relevant articles, were searched to find both English and Persian clinical trials on male infertility issues that used saffron as medical treatment. Also, the quality of these trials was evaluated by Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine checklist. A total of six trials was ultimately included. All statistical analyses were done by Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) Version 2.
    Results
    Only in one study conducted on sperm parameters, the mean percentage of sperm with normal morphology (p
    Conclusion
    saffron has a positive effect on erectile dysfunction. However, our study showed contradictory results about semen parameters. So, interpretation of results is limited because of methodological flaws of the included studies, erectile dysfunction status and a large heterogeneity among them. Further trials are still needed to confirm the current findings.
    Keywords: saffron (Crocus sativus), Erectile Dysfunction, semen parameters, male fertility, Meta-analysis
  • Wachiryah Thong-Asa *, Kanokwan Tilokskulchai, Supin Chompoopong, Mayuree Hantrakul Tantisira Pages 210-226
    Centella asiatica extract on cognition and hippocampal pathology of mild chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) that was induced by permanent right common carotid artery occlusion (RCO) in rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of Sham-veh, Sham-C. asiatica, RCO-veh and RCO-C. asiatica, which were further divided into short-term and long-term CCH induction. Oral treatments with 20 mg/kg C. asiatica initiated 24 hours and 12 months after CCH and continued for 14 consecutive days. According to the cognition and histopathological evaluation period, the experiment was divided into 2 sets of either 2 or 12 months of CCH.
    Results
    Results showed that 2-month CCH induced learning flexibility deficit associated with CA1 neuronal damage and internal capsule (IC) astroglia activation. Long-lasting (12 months) mild CCH induced spatial learning, memory and flexibility deficits associated with progressive dorsal hippocampal damage. Treatment with 20 mg/kg of C. asiatica improved learning flexibility deficit after 2 and 12 months of CCH. C. asiatica ameliorated neuronal damage in the dorsal hippocampus at 2 months of CCH when given 24 hours after CCH onset. Treatment with C. asiatica after 12 months of cerebral blood flow reduction improved memory and learning flexibility deficits and was associated with the dentate gyrus neuronal damage reduction.
    Conclusion
    Our finding indicates the therapeutic potential of C. asiatica either when given immediately after ischemic insult or when administered one year after ischemic insult, in a CCH rat model.
    Keywords: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, Spatial cognition, Learning flexibility, Radial arm water maze, Centella asiatica
  • Valiollah Hajhashemi *, Foroogh Fahmideh, Mustafa Ghanadian Pages 227-236
    Objective
    Berberis vulgaris has antioxidant, hepato--renal protective, antibacterial, lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. The genus Berberis, has another member called Berberisintegerrima which has not been studied for antinociceptive activity and therefore, this study was aimed to examine the antinociceptive effect oftotal extract and alkaloid fractions of Berberis integerrima root in mice.
    Materials And Methods
    Methanolic total extract and alkaloid fractions of the plant namely, fractions A, B, C and D were prepared according to standard methods. Male Swiss mice (20-25 g) were used (n=6 in each group). Acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests were used to assess the antinociceptive activity. In hot plate and formalin tests, morphine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and in acetic acid test, indomethacin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were used as reference drugs.
    Results
    The total extract and fractions A, B and D significantly reduced abdominal twitches in acetic acid test and licking behavior of both acute and chronic phases of formalin test. In hot-plate test, morphine as the standard drug demonstrated significant antinociception while the plant extract and fractions were ineffective. The dose of 5 mg/kg of fraction C showed slight analgesia only in acetic acid test and a dose of 10 mg/kg caused severe toxicity and even death in some animals.
    Conclusion
    Berberis integerrima total extract and its alkaloid fractions showed antinociceptive effect and it seems that the mechanism of this action is peripherally mediated since they were effective in formalin test and acetic acid- induced writhing but not in hot-plate test.
    Keywords: Berberis integrrima, Writhing test, Formalin test, Hot plate test, Antinociceptive
  • Maliheh Moradzadeh, Azar Hosseini, Hasan Rakhshandeh, Azita Aghaee, Hamidreza Sadeghnia * Pages 237-245
    Objective
    Cuscuta campestris or common dodder is a holoparasitic plant that has been valorized for treatment of liver injury and cancer prevention in traditional medicine. Recently, extract of C. campestris had shown moderate antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic effects. In this study, we examined the level of cellular oxidants, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and differentiation induced by hydroalcoholic extract of C. campestris(CCE)(12.5-200 µg/ml), as well as arsenic trioxide (As2O3, 50 µM), in human leukemic (HL60 and NB4) and normal polymorph nuclear cells after 72 hr treatment.
    Materials And Methods
    Resazurin assay was used to determine cell viability following treatment with C. campestris. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cells were measured by fluorimetry using carboxy 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide (PI), as staining reagents, respectively. The differentiation of leukemic cells was evaluated by Giemsa staining and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction.
    Results
    C. campestris inhibited cell viability with IC50 values of 23.9 µg/ml for HL60 and 60.3 µg/ml for NB4 cells after 72 hr treatment. ROS formation was also concentration-dependently increased following treatment with C. campestris. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 88.4% and 62.3% in CCE (200 µg/ml)-treated HL60 and NB4 cells, respectively, which was higher than that of As2O3 (50 µM)-treated leukemic cells (p
    Conclusion
    The present study demonstrated that C. campestris induced apoptosis through ROS production without having differential effect on leukemic cells, in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Understanding of precise signaling pathway by which C. campestris induce apoptosis, needs further research
    Keywords: Cuscuta campestris, Leukemia, Apoptosis, Differentiation, ROS
  • Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz, Bahman Khameneh, Mohammad Reza Ostad Zahedian, Hossein Hosseinzadeh* Pages 246-253
    Objective
    In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using herbal products to overcome bacterial resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lemon verbena aqueous extract, verbascoside and caffeine in combination with gentamicin against standard and clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains.
    Materials And Methods
    The MIC and MBC values of different antibacterial agents against bacterial strains were determined. The effect of co-administration lemon verbena extract, verbascoside, and caffeine and gentamicin was studied in vitro using a checkerboard method and calculating fraction inhibitory concentration index (FICI).
    Results
    Herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine alone showed no inhibitory effects on any of the bacterial strains (at doses up to 200 mg/ml). Herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine were able to decrease the MIC of gentamicin against the standard resistant strains and two clinical isolates. Among these combinations, the co-administration of verbascoside and gentamicin was more effective and synergistic activities (FICI
    Conclusion
    The results of the present study revealed that herbal extract, verbascoside and caffeine potentiated the antimicrobial action of gentamicin against some clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli.
    Keywords: Antibiotics, Combination therapy, Methylxanthinesýþ, þý Herbal extract, Natural compounds, Resistant ýpathogensý
  • Fatemeh Namazi, Tahoora Shomali *, Pouya Taghikhani, Saeid Nazifi Pages 254-262
    Objective
    Finding compounds that could be used for prevention of atherosclerosis (AS) is highly desired. The present study evaluated the protective effects of Urtica dioica (UD, commonly known as stinging nettle) leaf ethanolic extract against high-fat diet-induced AS in rats.
    Materials And Methods
    In this study, 40 male adult Sprauge-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to 4 equal groups and treated as follows for 9 consecutive weeks: (1) Normal control (NC; normal rats that were fed with a basic diet); (2) Atherosclerotic rats (AT; which received no particular treatment); (3) Atherosclerotic rats that received 100 mg/kg/day ethanolic extract of UD orally and (4) Atherosclerotic rats that received simvastatin 4 mg/kg/day orally. Atherosclerosis was induced by a high-fat diet accompanied by propylthiouracil and vitamin D3.
    Results
    Marked hypercholesterolemia and significant increase in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were observed in rats of AT group. Administration of UD significantly reduced these parameters as compared to AT group (p
    Conclusion
    Ethanolic extract of UD prevents establishment of atherosclerotic lesions in rat aorta, which is associated with positive effects on serum lipid profile without significantly affecting antioxidant status.
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Stinging nettle, Oxidative stress, Histopathology, Rat
  • Hamid Reza Poursalehi, Mitra Samareh Fekri *, Fariba Sharififar, Ali Mandegary, Atefeh Izadi, Rahil Mahmoodi, Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi, Fateme Porgholamhosein, Vahideh Ghorani, Masome Samareh Fekri Pages 263-275
    Objective
    Pulmonary fibhrosis is a disease of the connective tissues in the respiratory system. Nigella sativa has been used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases like asthma. This study investigated the early and late preventive effect of methanolic extract of N. sativa on a bleomycin- induced pulmonary fibrosis model.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was carried out using 52 rats. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single endotracheal injection of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Extract of N. sativa (500 mg/kg per day) or methylprednisolone succinate (4 mg/kg per day) was injected intraperitoneally in two periods (i.e. days 1-14 as early preventive group and days 15-28 days as late preventive group). The lung tissues were histologically examined at the end of each period and inspected for the amount of hydroxyproline and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
    Results
    The pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were significantly decreased in groups treated with methylprednisolone and N. sativa extract compared to bleomycin group in both early and late prevention groups (p
    Conclusion
    This study suggested that N. Sativa extract is effective for early and late prevention of pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. However, more studies are needed to identify its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mechanisms in the respiratory system.
    Keywords: Bleomycin, Hydroxyproline, Nigella sativa, Pulmonary inflammation Fibrosis
  • Roghayeh Pakdel, Saeed Niazmand, Mohsen Mouhebati, Mohammad Mahdi Vahedi, Azita Aghaee, Mousa-Al-Reza Hajzadeh * Pages 276-285
    Objective
    The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of Portulaca oleracea (Po) seeds extract and those of valsartan on cardiac function in levothyroxine (T4)-treated rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=10): control, levothyroxine (T4), T4 plus valsartan (T4-Val) and T4 plus hydro-alcoholic extract of the P. oleracea seeds (T4-Po). Control group received normal saline. Levothyroxine (100µg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered to three other groups for 4 weeks. Valsartan (8 mg/kg/day, orally) and Po seeds extract (400 mg/kg/day, orally) were administered during the last two weeks of treatment period. At the end of the experiment, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were measured and serum free T4, T3, and T4 were measured.
    Results
    Administration of T4 for 4 weeks significantly increased serum free T4 levels in T4 group but elevations of free T4 levels in T4–Val group were not significant. Free T4 level decreased in T4–Po (p
    Conclusion
    These results showed that treatment of hyperthyroid rats with P. oleracea seeds extract was more effective than valsartan in reducing cardiac changes induced by levothyroxine.
    Keywords: Echocardiography, Hemodynamic parameters, Hyperthyroidism, Levothyroxine, Portulaca oleracea, Valsartan