فهرست مطالب

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine - Volume:6 Issue: 5, Aug 2016

Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine
Volume:6 Issue: 5, Aug 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/05/28
  • تعداد عناوین: 12
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  • Seyed Hadi Mousavi, Azar Hosseini *, Elham Bakhtiari, Hassan Rakhshandeh Pages 489-494
    Objective
    Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective anticancer drug but its clinical application is limited because it induces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and leads to permanent degenerative cardiomyopathy and heart failure possibly due to oxidative stress. Recent studies showed that Capparis spinosa (C. spinose)exhibits potent antioxidant activity. So, in this study, we explored the protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of C. spinosa against DOX-induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells.
    Materials And Methods
    Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells were determined using flow cytometry (sub-G1 peak) evaluation of DNA fragmentation following PI staining. Cells were cultured with 5 μM DOX for 24 hr to induce cell damage. H9c2 cells were pretreated with different concentrations (6-200 μg/ml) of C. spinosa extract for 4 hr before DOX treatment in all trials.
    Results
    Pretreatment with 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml of C. spinosa could increase the viability of H9C2 cells to 72.63 ± 2.8% (p
    Conclusion
    Our results showed that C. spinosa could exert cardioprotective effects against DOX-induced toxicity that might be mediated via its antioxidant activity.
    Keywords: Capparis spinosa, H9C2 cells, Doxorubicin, Apoptosis
  • Mahmoud Zardast, Kokab Namakin*, Jamil Esmaili Kaho, Sarira Sadat Hashemi Pages 495-501
    Objective
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common pathogenic bacteria in the stomach. The aim of the current study was to explore the effect of oral garlic administration on bacterial urease activity inside the stomach and its contribution to the treatment of H. pylori infection.
    Materials And Methods
    In this clinical trial, 15 patients were studied quantitatively with Urease Breath Test (UBT). The patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and a positive serum H. pylori IgG were enrolled. UBT was performed for each patient in three sessions as follows: at the beginning of the study, an initial UBT was performed based on which, the positive cases entered the study and the negative ones were excluded. Second UBT was done three days later in patients who were not receiving any treatment and were considered as the control, whereas the third UBT was performed three days after prescribing two medium-sized cloves of garlic (3 g) with their meal, twice a day (at noon and in the evening). The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests and the significance level was set at p
    Results
    the mean UBT significantly differed before and after treatment with garlic cloves, being significantly lower after garlic consumption. No meaningful difference was observed in the mean UBT without garlic consumption between the first and second steps.
    Conclusion
    Raw garlic has anti-bacterial effects against H. pylori residing in the stomach and may be prescribed along with routine drugs for the treatment of gastric H. pylori infection.
    Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Urease Breath Test, Garlic, Stomach
  • Mehmet Yildirim *, Metin Canbal, Ekrem Ozyuvali, Omer Karatas Pages 502-505
    Objective
    Urinary tract conditions have been an important part of diseases from antiquity until today. Historically, many plants and herbs have been used for the treatment of urinary disorders.
    Methods
    Celâlüddîn Hızır bin Ali el-Konevi (Hadji Pasha) is one of the most famous physician who lived in Anatolia between 13th and 14th centuries. He has written one of the most important medical books of that era, "Müntehab-ıŞifa" (solution of wellness) in Turkish. General medical information about the diseases in this book, focus on diagnosis and treatment.
    Results
    The herbal solutions for urological disorders such as, urinary incontinence, urinary stones or erection problems are told in this section.
    Conclusion
    Many of the herbal medicines addressed in this book are being widely used in current medicine, but the usage of these herbals in daily urology practice is limited. In this study, we aimed to share the advices for the urological diseases and therelated herbal medicines that are named in Hadji Pasha’s book, " Müntehab-ıŞifa ", with today's physicians.
    Keywords: Hadji Pasha, Urology, Andrology, Phytotheraphy
  • Mohammad, Taghi Moradi, Mamoud Rafieian, Kopaei, Ali Karimi* Pages 506-515
    Objective
    There are a number of published data indicating in vitro anti-HSV activity of some of Iranian herbal extracts with no systematic review to discuss these results. Therefore, this article was aimed to review and discuss the methods carried out and the phytochemistry and bioactivity of the extracts used and also conclusions provided in these publications.
    Materials And Methods
    Published articles both in English (from Medline, Science Direct, EMBASE, Scopus, Pro Quest, Google scholar, Cochrane Library) and in Persian (from SID, Iran Medex and Magiran) databases, from 1966 to October 2014 were incorporated in this review. The in vitro studies that lacked CC50, IC50, were excluded.
    Results
    Only 42 published reports were found to examine Iranian herbs against HSV replication in vitro. Seventeen out of 42 studies in which 23 kinds of medicinal plants were subjected to crude extraction were included. The review of data showed that some of the herbal extracts including Hyssopus officinalis methanolic extract, Melissa officinalis aqueous extract, Quercus persica L. hydroalcoholic extract and Securigeras ecuridaca methanolic extract with selective index (SI) of 234, 877, >778 and 250, respectively were highly effective against HSV in vitro.
    Conclusion
    More comprehensive studies using more advanced methods are needed to be done to achieve promising anti-HSV agents from the bioactive compounds isolated from these herbs.
    Keywords: Herpes Simplex Virus, Herbal medicine, Iran, In, vitro
  • Suganya Venkateshan, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan*, Velmurugan Chinnasamy, Sarath Chandiran Pages 516-525
    Objective
    Dietary changes playmajor risk roles in oxidative stress andcardiovascular disease and modulate normal metabolic function. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of different extracts of Hemidesmus indicus to experimental high-fat diet in wistar rats, and their possible mechanism of action.
    Materials And Methods
    Male wistar rats were divided into 6 groups (n=6/group) andfed with a standard diet (control), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet supplemented with different extracts and positive control for 9 weeks. High-fat diet induced changes in average body weight andoxidative stress and elevated levels of plasma lipid profilein rats.
    Results
    Oral administration of methanolic extract of H. indicus(200 mg/kg) offered a significant dose-dependent protection against HFD-induced oxidative stress, as reflected in the levels of catalase (p
    Conclusion
    The present study revealed that the methanolic extract of H.indicus protects against oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia and liver damage.
    Keywords: Hemidesmus indicus, High fat diet, Oxidative stress, Plasma lipid profile, Antihyperlipidemia, Liver protection
  • Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani *, Leila Zarei, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Bahman Mansori Motlagh Pages 526-534
    Objective
    Some evidence suggests that chronic uptake of estragole and methyl-eugenol, found in the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), may be associated with an increased risk of hepato-carcinogenicity. The present study was conducted to investigate the immumodulatory and anti-inflammatory potentials of estragole and methyl-eugenol free extract of tarragon.
    Materials And Methods
    Aqueous, hydroalcoholic, methanol and hexane extracts of dried and milled tarragon was prepared and analyzed by GC-MS. The estragole and methyl-eugenol free extract was characterized and used for evaluation of immunity in NMRI mice after challenging with sheep red blood cells.
    Results
    It was shown that the aqueous extract of tarragon was free from potentially harmful estragole or methyl-eugenol. Moreover, the immunomodulatory effect of the aqueous extract of tarragon (100 mg/kg for 21 consecutive days) was investigated. The extract significantly increased the level of anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC (antibody and simultaneously decreased the level of cellular immunity in the treatment group. Moreover, tarragon caused a significant reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory IL-17 and IFN-γ in parallel with a reduction in the ratio of INF-γ to Il-10 or IL-17 to IL-10 in the splenocytes. In addition, the levels of the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production in peritoneal macrophages were significantly decreased. Additionally, the phagocytosis potential of macrophages was significantly increased in treated mice.
    Conclusion
    These data showed that the aqueous extract of tarragon may be used as a natural source to modulate the immune system, because it can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce anti-inflammatory macrophages.
    Keywords: Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), Humoral immunity, Cellular immunity, Macrophage
  • Babak Nakhostin, Roohi, Faegheh Khoshkhahesh, Shahab Bohlooli* Pages 535-541
    Objective
    The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of virgin olive oil phonophoresis on female athlete's anterior knee pain (AKP).
    Materials And Methods
    A double blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. Ninety-three female athletes suffering from AKP voluntarily participated in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into olive oil (n=31), piroxicam (n=31) or base gel phonophoresis (n=31) groups. At the baseline visit, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire was filled by subjects who were then treated with olive oil, piroxicam or pure phonophoresis for 12 sessions. After 6 and 12 sessions of physiotherapy, subjects filled the questionnaire again. Main outcomes were significant improvement in pain, stiffness, physical function, and total WOMAC scores.
    Results
    Although, there was a significant reduction in symptoms of AKP at the end of the therapy in all groups (p
    Conclusion
    It could be proposed that phonophoresis with virgin olive oil is as effective as piroxicam gel on lowering WOMAC scores of AKP in female athletes and also has several beneficial properties including faster effect and shorter duration of therapy. The exact mechanism of beneficial action of virgin olive oil on AKP is not clear and requires further studies.
    Keywords: Phonophoresis, Olive oil, Piroxicam, Anterior Knee Pain, Topical application
  • Mahbobe Gholami, Seyed Adel Moallem, Mohammad Afshar, Sakineh Amoueian, Leila Etemad, Gholamreza Karimi* Pages 542-549
    Objective
    Silybum marianum has been used for centuries in herbal medicine for treatment of liver diseases. Currently, there is no data available on the possible effects of silymarin on fetal development. This study aimed to investigate the teratogenic effect of silymarin on BALB/c mice fetuses.
    Materials And Methods
    A total of 40 pregnant mice were divided into 4 groups of 10 mice each. Three groups received silymarin at three different doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day during gestational days (GDs). The control group received normal saline and tween (solvent). Dams were sacrificed on GD 18 and all fetuses were examined for gross malformations, size and body weight. Malformed fetuses were double stained with alizarin red and alcian blue.
    Results
    Silymarin administration at all doses resulted in reduction of the mean fetal body weights. The abnormalities included limb, vertebral column and craniofacial malformations. Craniofacial malformations were the most common abnormalities, but they were not observed in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage of fetal resorption significantly increased (up to 15%) in all treatment groups.
    Conclusion
    Based on our results, silymarin, especially at high doses can lead to fetal resorption, intrauterine growth retardation and limb, vertebral column and craniofacial abnormalities. More precise studies should be conducted about the teratogenic effects of herbal medicine investigating the underlying mechanisms. Thus, caution should be taken when administering S. marianum to pregnant woman.
    Keywords: Silybum marianum, Silymarin, Mouse fetus, Teratogenicity
  • Mojtaba Shafiekhani, Pouya Faridi, Javad Kojuri, Soha Namazi* Pages 550-557
    Objective
    Some of the adverse effects of aspirin including peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and aspirin resistance compelled researchers to find a suitable alternative with fewer adverse effects. In this clinical trial, we aimed to find the effective antiplatelet dose of garlic.
    Materials And Methods
    This randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was conducted on 62 healthy volunteers of 20-50 years old. All volunteers used 80 mg aspirin per day for 1 week and at the end of this time, platelet aggregation (PA) induced by 4 agonists acting in aggregation pathway including adenosinediphosphate (20 μmol/l), epinephrine (20 μmol/l), collagen(0.19 mg/ ml) and arachidonic acid (0.5mg/ ml) was measured by Light Transmittance Aggregometry (LTA) in all participants. After one month washout period, volunteers were randomized into 3 groups and each received 1, 2 or 3 garlic tablets (1250 mg) a day for 1 month. After one month, PA was examined in all groups.
    Results
    The mean ±SD of the age of all volunteers was 28.60 ± 9.00 years. In addition, 52.00 % of our volunteers were male and 48.00% of them were female. Garlic tablet didnot have significant effect on PA at any dose. However, 30% of volunteers in the group that used 3 garlic tablets/day reported adverse effect (i.e. bleeding). No significant association between sex, age and PA was observed.
    Conclusion
    In this study, we were unable to determine the effective anti-platelet dose of garlic which that could be equal to that of aspirin anti-platelet activity, as assessed LTA method.
    Keywords: Garlic, Aspirin, Anti, Platelet, Light transmittance aggregometry
  • Akram Ghadirkhomi, Leila Safaeian*, Behzad Zolfaghari, Mohammad Reza Aghaye, Ghazvini, Parisa Rezaei Pages 558-566
    Objective
    Pinus eldarica (P. eldarica) is one of the most common pines in Iran which has various bioactive constituents and different uses in traditional medicine. Since there is no documented evidence for P. eldarica safety, the acute and sub-acute oral toxicities of hydroalcoholic extract of P. eldarica bark were investigated in male and female Wistar rats in this study.
    Materials And Methods
    In the acute study, a single dose of extract (2000 mg/kg) was orally administered and animals were monitored for 7 days. In the sub-acute study, repeated doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day) of the extract were administered for 28 days and biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters were evaluated.
    Results
    Our results showed no sign of toxicity and no mortality after single or repeated administration of P. eldarica. The median lethal dose (LD50) of P. eldarica was determined to be higher than 2000 mg/kg. The mean body weight and most of the biochemical and hematological parameters showed normal levels. There were only significant decreases in serum triglyceride levels at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of the extract in male rats (p
    Conclusion
    Oral administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of P. eldarica bark may be considered as relatively non-toxic particularly at the doses of 125 and 250 mg/kg.
    Keywords: Pinus eldarica, Toxicity, Hematology, Serum biochemistry, Histopathology
  • Hamid Reza Rahimi, Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour, Mostafa Dastani, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Khali Abnous, Majid Ghayour Mobarhan, Reza Kazemi Oskuee* Pages 567-577
    Objective
    Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both or insulin resistance. Curcumin inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway. The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of Nano-curcumin on HbA1C, fast blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients.
    Materials And Methods
    Seventy type-2 diabetic patients (fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hr postprandial blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl) randomly receivedeither Curcumin (as nano-micelle 80 mg/day) or placebo for 3 months in a double blind randomized clinical trial. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and lipids profile were checked before and after the intervention. Data analyses, including parametric and nonparametric tests were done using the SPSS 11.5 software. A p value
    Results
    Mean age, BMI, FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL, HDL, HbA1c , and sex and had no significant difference at the baseline between the groups. In Nano-curcumin group, a significant decrease was found in HbA1C, FBG, TG, and BMI comparing results of each subject before and after the treatment (p
    Conclusion
    These findings suggest an HbA1c lowering effect for Nano-curcumin in type-2 diabetes; also, it is partially decrease in serum LDL-C and BMI.
    Keywords: Curcumin, HbA1c, Fast blood glucose, Lipid profile
  • Santram Lodhi, Avijeet Jain, Alok Pal Jain, Rajesh Pawar, Abhay Kumar Singhai* Pages 578-591
    Objective
    Martynia annua L. (M. annua), (Martyniaccae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy, sore throat and inflammatory disorders. The leaf paste is used topically on Tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands and wounds of domestic animals. Tephrosia purpurea (T. purpurea), (Fabaceae) has been used traditionally as a remedy for asthma, gonorrhea, rheumatism and ulcers. This study aimed to evaluate the potential wound healing effects of different fractions ofethanol extract of M. annua leaves and aerial parts of T. purpurea.
    Materials And Methods
    Methanol fraction of M. annua (MAF-C) and ethyl acetate fraction of T. purpurea (TPF-A) were evaluated for healing potential in dead-space and burn wound models. An ointment (5% w/w) of MAF-C and TPF-A, pongamol (0.2 and 0.5% w/w) and luteolin (0.2 and 0.5% w/w) was applied topically twice a day. The effects were compared with Povidone Iodine ointment with respect to protein, collagen content, enzymatic assay and histopathological finding of granuloma tissues.
    Results
    Ethanol extracts of M. annua and T. purpureawere exhibited total flavonoid contents of 126.2 ± 4.69 and 171.6 ± 6.38 mg (quercetin equivalent), respectively. HPLC fingerprinting confirmed the presence of luteolin in M. annua and quercetin in T. purpurea. TPF-A and MAF-C ointments (5% w/w) significantly increases the hydroxyproline and protein contents. Luteolin and pongamol ointments were also found to be effective in both wound models.
    Conclusion
    Our findings suggested that 5% w/w ointment of TPF-A and MAF-C fractions were more effective than isolated flavonoids in wound healing which may be due to synergistic interactions between the flavonoids and other constituents.
    Keywords: Martynia annua, Tephrosia purpurea, Povidone Iodine ointment, Burn wound, Luteolin, Dead space wound