فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1390)

Nurses as the main members of the health care team play an important role in the improvement and promotion of society’s health. Stress is well-known in nursing and causes numerous problems for nurses and patients. So the aim of this study was to determine the usage of coping strategies in nurses of the North Khorasan Medical Sciences University hospitals. The subjects of this descriptive research were 154 nurses in North Khorasan Hospitals. The data gathering tool included a questionnaire with two parts: personal details and ways to deal with job stress questions. Data gathering was taken about one month. Data was analysed through spss v.14. Descriptive statistics methods, independent t test and ANOVA test were also used. Major findings of this research showed that %39.6 of Nurses used confronting coping method to a high extent, %50 used distancing method to a low extent, 56.5 used self- controlling method, %61.7 used decoding problems of planning method, %60.4 percent used positive re-evaluation, %62.3 used responsibility, %71.4 used social support method, %53.2 used escape-avoidance method to a low extent. Social support method was the prevailing method of coping with stress The finding of this study can be a background for the subsequent studies in program planning, reducing the stressors and increasing the compatibility of nurses. It can also be a step towards the recognition of nurses’ problems.

Children with types I and II diabetes have to follow a strict diet for an indefinite period of time. In addition, they are also susceptible to stable cognitive impairments including decreased in information processing speed due to the variations in blood sugar levels. The main propose of this study was to compare children with types I and II diabetes in visual and auditory information processing speed related to food stimulies. Forty-three children with diabetes between 6 to 15 years of age admitted to the diabetes center of Firozghar Hospital participated in this study. They were selected through available sampling. Visual and auditory stimuli were presented for the assessment of information processing speed related to food and neutral stimuli. SPSS v.14 was applied to data analysis. ANOVA was used for the comparison between the two groups. Findings showed that children with type I diabetes, in comparison to type II diabetes experienced more damage in the speed of visual and auditory information processing. Both participants with diabetes type I and II processed images and sounds related to food more quickly than nonfood stimuli. Food processing speed increased in stimuli related to food when children with type II diabetes experienced more perceived stress. Base on findings of this article using strategies for self-regulation to avoid highsugar foods have been very difficult; because attention to food stimuli in children increases, self-regulation programs are not easy to implement. Therefore, it is necessary to apply new behavioral therapy to control diabetes in children.

Spiritual well-being harmonizes several dimensions of human's life and is essential for coping with diseases. Chronic illnesses such as cancer cause crisis in physical, psychological and spiritual dimensions of ones life. This study aimed to measure the spiritual well-being in cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, Paloutzian & Ellison's Spiritual wellbeing Self-report questionnaire was completed by 130 cancer patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital. Patients were recruited using sequential sampling method. The inclusion criteria were being over 16 years old, and having the ability to read and write. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test in SPSS v 13. Findings revealed that the mean scores for spiritual well-being, religious well-being and existential well-being were (88/42±15/02), (44/28±7/77) and (44/14±8/44) respectively.In addition, statistically significant relations were not found between age, gender, maritalstatus and educational levels with spiritual well-being (P>0/001). This study showed that the level of spiritual well-being was moderate in cancer patients. Moreover, the level of religious well-being was similar to existential well-being. The researchers suggest the conduction of more studies in this issue.

Breast cancer is one third of all the cancers in women and the second reason for death among them. Awareness of the screening methods and having regular diagnosis tests has an important role in declining the prevalence of invasive cancer types and inducing mortality. Thus, this study was carried out with the aim of assessing women’s knowledge and attitude towards breast cancer screening tests in Ardabil. In this descriptive and analytical study, 300 women referring to health centers and private clinics in Ardabil were selected with multiple sampling methods. Data were collected through the researcher‐made questionnaire including two parts: knowledge and attitude questions and information form. The scientific validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved by content validity and the test‐re‐test method with two weeks distance respectively. For analyzing the data SPSS v14 and descriptive and inferential statistics tests were applied. 82% of women had the average awareness and 81.3% of them had high degree of awareness. There was a meaningful relationship between women’s awareness toward screening tests and their job and education (P<0.05). There was also a meaningful relationship between women's occupation, breast diseases history, breast cancer history in distant relatives and friends and first menstruation with performing screening tests (p<0.05). regarding the role of some factors and their effectiveness in performing screening tests and understanding the failure in applying disease preventing behavior, observing health care rules by the patients is very important. Authorities are demanded to provide free equipment in health centers at least for the advised cases, and provide the possibility of screening tests.

Oral dental care must begin from childhood. Dental caries are the most common chronic childhood disorders and DMFT (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth) is the most important oral health index. The purpose of this study is to evaluate DMFT index in 12-year old children in Saveh city, Iran. In this cross- sectional descriptive study 282 students of 12-year in elementary schools were chosen using multi stage sampling method. The questionnaire included demographic information and dental examinations based on criteria in accordance with indicators of DMFT World Organization. Gathered data were analyzed using spss v. 14, t test and chi-square test were used. The mean DMFT value was 2.1+ 4/3 (2/3 boys, 1/ 95 girls) which was low in comparison with the World Health Organization index. There were not any significant differences in DMFT and their components in relation to gender. 61.7% (No=174) used toothbrush once a day. There was a meaningful relationship between regular use of brush and oral health indicators (P= 0.002). Considering the objectives of the World Health Organization by 2015 with the DMFT<1, improving the existing dental services and prevention program for students seems necessary. Health education with emphasis on the regular use of toothbrush can have a positive impact on oral health indicators in the society.

The postpartum period causes some changes in sexual relations, which sometimes makes considerable disorders in married life. This Research has been done to identify the differences in sexual satisfaction in two different ways of delivery: vaginal delivery and cesarean. this Study is a cross - sectional study in which 300 women who had a history of delivery between 1 and 6 months of the study and had the inclusion criteria were selected. The questionnaire had two parts: part one demographic data and Part II questions about sex while doing research and before delivery. The validity of the questions was confirmed after being evaluated by 5 gynecologists and tested by 10 samples. To evaluate sexual problems, t test was used for quantitative variables and Fisher test and Chi square were used for qualitative variables. Data analysis was done with SPSS v 11/5. 155 mothers had vaginal delivery and 145 of them had cesarean section. Dyspareunia increased from 16.7 percent in the prenatal status to 43.3 percent, lack of sexual desire went from 2.3 percent to 35.7 and fail to orgasm after vaginal delivery rose from 2 percent to 21 percent. There was a significant relationship between sexual problems before and after vaginal delivery (p <0/001) and sexual problems in vaginal delivery and cesarean section were significantly different (P <0/039). According to the study results the complications after vaginal delivery should be reduced with enhancing the quality of care during childbirth. As a result the desire of pregnant women to have cesarean section will increase.

Tele-nursing is a branch of telemedicine. In Tele-nursing nurses can deliver nursing care using telecommunication technology over the distance and communicate with other nurses in remote areas. This study describes education by Tele-nursing; benefits and applications of Tele-nursing as a cost-effective method. This is a review article that investigates valid resources from Pubmed, Scopus, and SID. This article describe the role of Tele-nursing in home care especially in rural areas. Self care education to cancer patients, the elderly and chronic patients by Tele nursing was expressed. In addition, this study investigates applications of Tele-nursing on nursing education improvement and successful experiences in developed and developing countries. Tele-nursing provides nursing education to patients without the constraints of time and place. Tele-nursing reduce costs and improve the quality of nursing care, especially in rural areas. In addition, Tele-nursing supports standardization of clinical education of nursing. The study recommends implementing this technology in health care centers of Iran.