فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

Due to the fact that imbalance and nervous-muscular poor performance are the main factors of elders’ falling، researchers are interested in its rehabilitation and balance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neurofeedback on static and dynamic balance in older men. This study was a quasi-experimental study consisting of a pre-test and post-test measurements in both control and experimental groups (each n = 15). Statistical population of study was Tabriz elders refered in one of Tabriz parks (Pamchal) and statistical sample of 30 persons was selected from the applicants. Static and dynamic balance was measured using Sharpened Romberg Test، standing، and walking before and after the neurofeedback training sessions for 30 minutes in 10 sessions for 5 weeks and two sessions at each week. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests in SSPP. v20 software environment Our results showed that static and dynamic balance time after Neurofeedback training in pre-test and post-test has significant difference in experimental group. respectiely P=0. 013 and P=0. 003 But static and dynamic balance time in control group don’t have significant difference in pre-test and post-test (P>0. 05). The dynamic equilibrium time before neurofeedback training was (10. 696 ± 2. 758) and after neurofeedback training equals to 8. 528 ± 2. 198 and static balance time before neurofeedback training equals to 51. 122 ± 1. 560 and after neurofeedback training was 56. 245±1. 085 The results show that neurofeedback training haseffecton elders’ static and dynamic balance. These types of trainings were used to improve elders’ balance in aging periods or elders’ care centers that are major factors in aging periods.

Occurrence of nursing error in Intensive care units، due to the particular conditions of patients is vital and directly linked to patients’ health and treatment process as well. Identification of error predisposing factors، therefore، is crucial from perspective of in-service nurses delivering services at intensive care units. This was a descriptive-analytical study. Samples included 200 in-service nurses who were delivering services at Intensive care units in selected hospitals of Tabriz، Iran. The participants were selected through census method. The study was carried out in 2012 and sampling lasted for 35 days. The researchers used a self-made questionnaire which had been designed to measure the demographic aspects together with four dimensions of nursing errors. In total، 163 questionnaires were collected and fed into SPSS v. 18 for processing. Results revealed that in the environmental conditions dimension item of «patient and their relatives inappropriate behavior» (46%)، in the management dimension «low ratio of nurses to patients» (72. 4%) in skills and education of nursing staff dimension “lack of experienced personnel in intensive care unit«(39. 9%)، and in the coordination team dimension، item of inappropriate division of work and tasks by head nurses» (38%) were noted as the most important predisposing factors in four dimensions. As the management dimension، in this study، was noted as the most error predisposing factor among other three factors، it is likely that، improvement of management methods can be effective in reducing the incidence of these errors.

Quality of life and Type-D personality as well as other psychological factors affect coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship of quality of life and Type-D personality with coronary heart disease.

In a case-control study، 60 patients with coronary heart disease (30 males، 30 females) who had presented to Shahid Madani Hospital in the city of Tabriz were compared with 60 controls (30 males، 30 females) who were selected using convenience sampling، and were matched with each other on some of demographic factors. Data were gathered using Short-form heath survey 36 items (SF36) and Type-D Personality Inventory، and were analyzed via analytic tests in SPSS v. 20.

Finding showed that CHD patients (Men: 107/73± 21/58، Women: 95/96± 13/049) had lower quality of life in comparison with controls (Men: 14/96± 4/46، Women: 103/82±13/06) and had higher Negative affect (Men: 14/96±4/46، Women: 16/62±3/64) in comparison with controls (Men: 12/50±2/41، Women: 12/92±4/46). 26 percent of the variance related to the development of CHD was due to happinen، negative affect، physical pain and physical limitations. Also MANOVA results showed that womens cores were less than men in all aspects of quality of life. (p<0/001)

There is a significant relationship between quality of life and type-D personality with incidence and duration of coronary heart disease. So، using psychological interventions seems be necessary in reduction of mentioned variables.

Sleep disorder is one of the major problems of health، because it causes impairments in daily function and decreases mind and body functions. The Student’s academic life is accompanied with numerous sleep disturbing factors، e. g. studying for long times، living in dormitory and so on، which influences their function and instruction. The main goal of this study was investigating the parasomnia disorders and its effective factors in medical students. This cross-sectional study was done on 210 people of medical students of Ardabil in 2012. Data collection was adjusted in a two-part questionnaire that was made by researcher. The first section included demographic information (Age، sex، marital status، residence، education). The second part consisted of 35 questions، which 7 questions were related to Parasomnia and 28 questions were related to factors affecting Parasomnia. The data were analyzed by SPSS v. 19 and descriptive and analytical statistics. 210 medical students participated in this study; of which 103 people (49%) were males and 107 (51%) females، 191 (91%) were single and 76 (36. 2%) native. Prevalence of parasomnia was 9. 5% (20 people)، and among different types of parasomnias، night mare with 48. 5 % (102 people) was the most common and enuresis with 1. 4 % (3 people) was the least. Between different courses of medicine، parasomnia was the most common in physiopathology with 22. 6 % (12 people). Parasomnia was more common in girls than boys (p<0. 05). The differences between various levels of medical courses was significant (p<0. 05)، too but there were no differences between native and nonnative students. This research showed that، sleep disorders are common problems among students، which can be affected by factors like stress and emotional and familial problems Thus، using environmental factors modification strategies can improve sleep quality in university students.

Anxiety is an unpleasant condition that affects humans’ health. Many physical and psychological problems underlie anxiety. The Quran in Surah Taha (Verse 124)، Anaam (verse 82) and Asra (verse 82) explicitly stated، The only way to true peace is God. Aim of this study was determining anxiety of students in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences، Faculty of Health Sciences and its relationship with the Religious Obligations This was a cross-sectional study on 400 students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Survey instrument was the Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (BECK) and consisted of 21 questions. Beside، we added questions about prayers. Data analyzed using SPSS v. 17 software. The average students anxiety was 1/58 ± 0. 41. eight percent of them had severe anxiety. There was a significant relationship between pray and anxiety’s 8 sub types. (p<0. 05). Inaddition، relation between living place and gender with anxiety was significant (p<0. 05). Declaring more religious activities for students and directing them toward religious obligations will lead to reducing anxiety. Also، counseling and causing more supports for girl students would palliate their anxiety.

Trauma during delivery is including fecal and urinary incontinence، painful intercourse and Perineum pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of perineal massage on the pelvic floor disorders. This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 125 primiparous singletons in active phase of labor at Shahid Akbar-Abadi Medical Center. Samples divided into two groups with random sampling including: intervention group (n=62) and control group (n=63). Intervention group in addition to receiving care in active phase، received perineal massage with two fingers between abdominal contractions using lubricant، and control group received routine care. Data collection tool was a questionnaire، consisted of three parts: demographic information، first phase cares and obstetric complications. Mothers were visited at 10th day of labor and were followed three months later by telephone. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with spss، v. 15. Before intervention، groups were similar in average age، gestational age، and estimated fetal weight. After intervention there were significant difference between groups in perineum health (p=0/0001) and perineal pain 3th (P = 0/041) and 10th days after delivery (P = 0/0001). Perineum massage reduces postpartum perineal pain and injury of vagina، and using massage in active phase of delivery is advised for prevention of delivery traumas.

Iron-deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world and young people are at high risk of iron-deficiency anemia. One of the proposed methods to educate youth is peer education. This study aimed to compare the effects of peer education with direct education on weekly iron-rich foods frequency on Tabriz female students، 2011-2012. This experimental study was done over 885 female students (ninth grade) who were randomly selected from 10 schools in Tabriz. Weekly food frequencies of 30 food items containing Iron and students’ knowledge about Iron deficiency through peer education method and direct were compared. The data was collected using a researcher made questionnaire containing demographic data and 18 questions to assess the knowledge and food frequency questionnaire and iron-rich foods. The questionnaire was completed by the samplesin two stages: after checking validity and reliability of questionnaire and 3 months after the educational intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS ver. 13. The mean score of knowledge after training in peer education group increased from 50. 1 to 69. 7 and in the direct training group it increased from 54. 5 to 70. 5 (P=0. 001 in both groups). comparison of two groups in post-test showed significant difference، so knowledge of peer education was significantly higher than direct instruction (p=0. 001). However، no significant differences between the two groups was seen in Weekly frequency of consumption of food before and after training. Peer education is an effective approach to increase students’ knowledge. Therefore، it can be used as a complementary teaching method، along with other educational methods in improving students'' knowledge.

Relationship between physicians and nurses is for achieving a common goal، i. e.، improving the health status of the patient. Creating a correct relationship is an important characteristic for practitioners’ in primary health care. Considering the importance of the communication and collaboration among physicians and nurses in order to promote the quality of patients care، this study was done to determine the condition of the professional relation between physicians and nurses from their own point of view. In this descriptive-analytic study، using simple random sampling method، 110 physicians and nurses in teaching hospitals of Ardabil were selected. A questionnaire in cluding 22 question for the physicians and 25 questions for the nurses was used to data collection. Data was analyzed with descriptive and analytical tests، by SPSS v. 17 software. The findings showed that 57/4 percent of nurses reported good communication and 42/6 percent moderate communication with physicians while 80% of physicians reported good interaction and just 20% of them declared it in a moderate level. 74. 5 percent of the physicians believed that good communication can affect the patients improvement، while in nurses’opinion of view the most important disrupting factor in nurse-physician relation was the disregarding nurses’ clinical skills. Results evaluoted that in approximately half of nurses، nurse-physician relations was not evaluoted good. While، keeping good relationship between them could be helpful in improving of care quality. So، educational systems can be effective in enhancing nurse-physicians’ professional relationship by educating proper communicational skills.