فصلنامه سلامت و مراقبت
سال هجدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1395)

Pain is one of the most common symptoms in people who need health care. Clinical nurses play an important role in pain management of patients after surgery due to their direct care of the patients. This study was conducted to compare the patients and nurses’ perception in terms of pain management.
This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted participation of 118 patients after cardiac surgery and their 50 care provider nurses in the hospitals of Ghaem and Imam Reza located in the city of Mashhad. Inclusion criteria for participating patients included: satisfaction¡ not connected to the ventilator¡ do not receive drugs before completing the questionnaire¡ lack of drug addiction and alcoholism¡ surgery time less than 72 hours. About nurses¡ those who had clinical experience at least 6 months and agreed to participate in the study. Random Sampling method was used to select the sample during 2014-2015. Data were collected using Quality Index. The reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was 0.80. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Kolmogorov-S statistical tests in SPSS software.
Patients and nurses’ perception about pain were statistically different in the items of the sufficiency of pain management¡ analgesic agent request¡ investigation time the patient's condition after the analgesic agent request (p The findings emphasizes on the importance of educational interventions for nurses to improve their pain management skills and pain management for patients after heart surgery.

Functional status in patients with CAD has impact on the health and recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to identify determinants of functional status. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the structural relationships among functional status, health beliefs, BMI and cardiac self-efficacy in patients with CAD.
For this reason, in a retrospective and cross-sectional study, 185 patients with CAD among patients undergoing CABG and PTCA from Tehran Heart Center were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by available sampling method. The diagnosis was made by a cardiologist. Data were gathered by the research designed health beliefs questionnaire, cardiac self-efficacy scale, and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Pearson`s correlation and path analysis were used to analyze the data.
The path analysis results showed that in one hand, the direct effect of vulnerability and severity beliefs on Control symptoms (p Thus, these results suggest that health beliefs and cardiac self-efficacy are determinants of functional status. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the health beliefs and cardiac self-efficacy roles in disease outcome and psychological intervention.

Invasive diagnostic procedures such as angiography have a lot of stress and anxiety for patients. Anxiety influences the patient’s physiological responses and increases the risks of angiography. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of damask rose extract as a complementary medicine on anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography.
This double blind clinical trial was conducted with participation of 90 patients. With block randomization they assigned into intervention (n=45) and control (n=45). The intervention group received the rose extract in oral form, 15 drops every 8 hours and the control group received the placebo in the similar form and shape, 15 drops every 8 hours. Demographic data sheet, Spielberger questionnaire and hemodynamic index form were used to collect data. Aanxiety questionnaire and hemodynamic index were completed before and after intervention in both groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, Wilcoxon test in SPSS 16 software.
According to the findings of this study, most of the patients were male, married, and under diploma. According to Wilcoxon test, a statistically significant difference was found in anxiety of intervention group before and after the intervention (p According to the effect of rose extract on anxiety and systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the group treated with the rose extract, it can be used as complementary medicine alongside other therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease and patients undergoing angiography.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of positive and negative emotions and cognitive modes in anticipation of nurses was procrastination. The research was descriptive population of nurses city of Ardabil. To this end, 200 nurses working in hospitals in the city of Ardabil were selected by simple random sampling. For data collection questionnaire scale of procrastination behavior, positive and negative affect scale assessment and questionnaire was used MCT modes. Data obtained using Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression analysis was used.
Finding indicated that procrastination behavior is negatively correlated with positive affect there is a significant variable (r=-0.23) and the relationship between procrastination behavior with positive affect were significantly (r=0.10) .The procrastination behavior and significant negative relationship with the metacognitive beliefs (r=-0.22). Multiple regression analysis showed that positive affect significant predictors of procrastination behavior. Among the components of metacognitive beliefs except positive beliefs about worry other components of metacognition predictors of procrastination behaviors.
The results showed that positive and negative emotions and beliefs procrastination significant relationship with the nurses, so it is recommended that further research be conducted for intervention to reduce procrastination nurses training protocol increased cognitive skills and be used to manage feelings.

Good self-management abilities skills enable elderlies to adequately handle their physical and social resources. It can be expected to lead to physical and social well-being, and subsequently to overall psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Positive Psychotherapy on self-management abilities in elderly.
A pre-test and post-test design with control group was used to conduct the study. For this purpose, using random sampling method all of male elderly living in nursing homes of Karaj were assigned to the experiment (n=12) and control group (n=12). The measurement tool consisted of self- management ability scale. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.
There were statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of total score of self-management abilities (p=0.003). The scores of taking initiative, investing, self-efficacy, and positive frame of mind of experimental were increased significantly in the experimental group (p The findings of the study indicate that positive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient therapy to increase self-management abilities in elderly.

Viral hepatitis is one of the most important health problems. Hepatitis B is one of the most serious threats to the professionals in health centers. This study was conducted with aim to determine the knowledge, risk perception and behavioral intention of students of health and allied health schools of Golestan University of Medical Sciences regarding Hepatitis.
This is a descriptive-analytical study and was done on 188 students of the faculty of Health and Paramedical sciences which were selected by systematic random sampling. Data gathered by a questionnaire was containing demographic information and knowledge, the public perceived risk, perceived risk of personal and behavioral intentions regarding Hepatitis B. Data were collected by the questionnaire and were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software and statistical tests of Mann-Whithney and Kruskal Wallis and Pearson Test.
The mean age of the participants was 21.31±3.44 years. The score of knowledge of students was 4.49±1.86, the score of risk perceived was 30.66±3.70 and the score of intention was 12.53±3.11. Findings indicated by Mann-Whitney test, the average score of that the perceived risk in terms of gender (p=0.02), risk perception (p=0.045) and intention (p=0.038) to college, and Kruskal-Wallis test showed the mean score of risk perception (p=0.038) and behavioral intention (p=0.043) was significantly associated with the variable of semester. Pearson test results also showed the correlation between knowledge and perceived risk (r=0.28, p=0.001), with the intention of perceived risk (r=0.19, p=0.01), behavioral intention with age (r=0.20, p=0.006), significant correlation was obtained.
According to this study, knowledge and risk perception and intention of the students about hepatitis B is not enough and suitable. Therefore, the need for more training in this field is an essential to improve the knowledge of the students about Hepatitis B, mainly with using of the novel massaging channels such as mobile phone messaging or social networks including Telegram, Viber and etc.

With regard to the growing trend of networking web-sites among students, this study was performed to compare self-Regulation, self-Presentation and narcissism in students with and without addiction to social networks.
In a cross-sectional and comparative study, 236 subjects have been selected from the students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Responders completed the scales of Self- Regulation scale, Self-Presentation scale, Narcissism subscale of dark triad personality traits and SNSs addiction scale. The subjects were divided into two groups based on their scores on the SNSs addiction scale. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance using SPSS-18.
Multivariate analysis showed that self-regulation mean score of addicted students was not significantly different from the other students. But mean scores of self- Presentation (F=5.271) and Narcissism (F=4.108) of the students dependent on online social networks are significantly higher than students without addiction (p≤0.05).
The results of this study showed that addicted students to social networking sites were more narcissistic than other groups and have more self-presentation trait. Therefore, to reduce student's addiction to social networks, educational, and therapeutic interventions should be aimed to reduce the narcissism and self-presentation.

Nowadays, paying special attention to the university students has a paramount importance; as well as their psychological health. The initial schema is the factors that disturb the quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group schema therapy on psychological well-being and aggression among university students.
The research was a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. The study population was included all male students of Applied Sciences and Technology University of Kermanshah in the year of 2014. Of the students with lowest scores in the scale of Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (RSPWB) and has earned the highest scores in the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), 40 students were selected randomly into the experimental (N=20) and the control (N=20) groups. The experimental group participated in the eleven 60-min educational intervention (Schema Therapy). After treatment, both groups completed Psychological well-being Questionnaire and Aggression Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA test.
The results showed that schema therapy in the experimental group increased the average well-being components and reduced components of aggression in the post-test scores, but there was no such change in the control group, the difference in the two group was significant (p According to the effectiveness of schema therapy in improving psychological well-being and decreasing aggression in students, it can be used as an effective therapy for reducing aggression and improving mental health of this group in the society.