فهرست مطالب

Lasers in Medical Sciences - Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2017

Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Winter 2017

  • 56 صفحه،
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/11/27
  • تعداد عناوین: 10
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  • Shiva Alavi, Ehsan Abolhasani, Sharin Asadi, Mohammadali Nilforoushzadeh Pages 1-6
    Introduction
    Ablative and nonablative lasers have been used to treat melasma. We aimed to assess and compare the combining Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) and fractional erbium:YAG laser (FEYL) with QSNYL alone in treatment of melasma.
    Methods
    This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in our Research Center during 2013-2014. Women with melasma and without a history of keloid formation, hypersensitivity to hydroquinone, or pigmentary changes due to laser therapy were randomly allocated to receive four sessions of either QSNYL-FEYL combination or QSNYL alone. All patients received topical treatment with Kligman’s formula. Before laser therapy and 4 weeks after the last treatment session, patients’ skin was assessed for changes in skin color, melanin content, and erythema intensity of melasma lesions quantitatively.
    Results
    Finally, 21 patients in QSNYL-FEYL and 20 in QSNYL group (mean age, 38.57 [5.60] and 42.60 [8.44] years, respectively) completed study. The skin color had become lighter in both groups (mean [SD] percentage change of 56.95 [40.29] and 29.25 [13.20] in QSNYL-FEYL and QSNYL groups, respectively) with significantly better results in QSNYL-FEYL group (P = 0.006). Percentage of decrease of melanin content was significantly higher in QSNYL-FEYL group (22.01 [10.67] vs. 7.69 [4.75]; P
    Conclusion
    QSNYL-FEYL was significantly more effective in decreasing melanin content of lesions than QSNYL and led to a lighter skin.
    Keywords: Melasma, Melanosis, Lasers, Solid-State, Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers, Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers
  • Nasrin Zand, Parvin Mansouri, Mohsen Fateh, Leila Ataie, Fashtami, Samad Rezaee Khiabanloo, Farid Safar, Reza Chalangari, Katalin Martits, Afshan Shirkavand Pages 8-12
    Introduction
    Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic, serious autoimmune mucocutaneous bullous disease. Oral lesions in PV may be extremely painful. This pain may adversely affect the patients’ oral intake and quality of life. This before-after clinical trial was designed to assess the pain relieving effects of single session of non-ablative, non-thermal CO2 laser therapy (NTCLT) in oral lesions of PV.
    Methods
    Fifty painful oral lesions of fourteen patients with PV were illuminated by CO2 laser (power: 1 W, scanning the lesions with rapid circular motion of the handpiece) passing through a thick layer of transparent gel with high water content. The pain severity of the oral lesions was reported by the patients up to the fourth postoperative day. They were also asked to continue their existing systemic treatment during the course of this study as a precondition for the participation.
    Results
    The severity of contact and non-stimulate (non-contact) pain declined immediately and significantly after NTCLT (P
    Conclusion
    The results of the trial proposed that single session of NTCLT could immediately and significantly relieve pain in oral lesions of PV, without any visible thermal complications.
    Keywords: CO2 laser, NTCLT, Pemphigus vulgaris, LLLT, Laser phototherapy
  • Orhan Bozoglan, Bulent Mese, Erdinc Eroglu, Hasan Cetin EkerbiÇer, Alptekin Yasim Pages 13-16
    Introduction
    To compare endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in different legs in the same individual in patients with venous insufficiency.
    Methods
    Sixty patients with bilateral saphenous vein insufficiency were included. EVLA or RFA was applied to one of the patient’s legs and RFA or EVLA to the other leg.
    Results
    EVLA and RFA complications were hyperemia at 20.7% and 31.0%, ecchymosis at 31.0% and 51.7% and edema at 27.6% and 65.5%, respectively. The rate of recanalization was 6.8% in the RFA group. No recanalization was observed in EVLA group. The level of patients satisfied with EVLA was 51.7%, compared to 31.0% for RFA, while 17.2% of patients were satisfied with both procedures. Times to return to daily activity were 0.9 days in the EVLA group and 1.3 days in the RFA group.
    Conclusion
    EVLA procedure may be superior to RFA in certain respects.
    Keywords: Varicose veins, Endovascular laser ablation, Radiofrequency ablation
  • Soghra Yassaei, Hossein Aghili, Azadeh Hosseinzadeh Firouzabadi, Hamidreza Meshkani Pages 17-21
    Introduction
    This study was performed to determine the shear bond strength of rebonded mechanically retentive ceramic brackets after recycling with Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser or sandblasting.
    Methods
    Twenty-eight debonded ceramic brackets plus 14 intact new ceramic brackets were used in this study. Debonded brackets were randomly divided into 2 groups of 14. One group was treated by Er:YAG laser and the other with sandblasting. All the specimens were randomly bonded to 42 intact human upper premolars. The shear bond strength of all specimens was determined with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until bond failure occurred. The recycled bracket base surfaces were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to compare the shear bond strength of the 3 groups. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the differences in adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores.
    Results
    The highest bond strength belonged to brackets recycled by Sandblasting (16.83 MPa). There was no significant difference between the shear bond strength of laser and control groups. SEM photographs showed differences in 2 recycling methods. The laser recycled bracket appeared to have as well-cleaned base as the new bracket. Although the sandblasted bracket photographs showed no remnant adhesives, remarkable micro-roughening of the base of the bracket was apparent.
    Conclusion
    According to the results of this study, both Er:YAG laser and sandblasting were efficient to mechanically recondition retentive ceramic brackets. Also, Er:YAG laser did not change the design of bracket base while removing the remnant adhesives which might encourage its application in clinical practice
    Keywords: Er YAG lasers, Recycling, Brackets, Sandblasting, Shear bond strength, Ceramic brackets
  • Akram Sadat Jafari Roodbandi, Hamid Naderi, Naser Hashenmi, Nejad, Alireza Choobineh, Mohammad Reza Baneshi, Vafa Feyzi Pages 22-28
    Introduction
    Three-dimensional (3D) scanners are widely used in medicine. One of the applications of 3D scanners is the acquisition of anthropometric dimensions for ergonomics and the creation of an anthropometry data bank. The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of a modified 3D scanner fabricated in this study.
    Methods
    In this work, a 3D scan of the human body was obtained using DAVID Laser Scanner software and its calibration background, a linear low-power laser, and one advanced webcam. After the 3D scans were imported to the Geomagic software, 10 anthropometric dimensions of 10 subjects were obtained. The measurements of the 3D scanner were compared to the measurements of the same dimensions by a direct anthropometric method. The precision and accuracy of the measurements of the 3D scanner were then evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using an independent sample t test with the SPSS software.
    Results
    The minimum and maximum measurement differences from three consecutive scans by the 3D scanner were 0.03 mm and 18 mm, respectively. The differences between the measurements by the direct anthropometry method and the 3D scanner were not statistically significant. Therefore, the accuracy of the 3D scanner is acceptable.
    Conclusion
    Future studies will need to focus on the improvement of the scanning speed and the quality of the scanned image.
    Keywords: Anthropometry, Three-dimensional, Technical report, Three-dimensional laser scanner, Accuracy, precision of measurement
  • Zahra Bahrololoomi, Azam Dadkhah, Moham Madsadegh Alemrajabi Pages 29-35
    Introduction
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of NaOCl on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin of primary teeth, prepared with laser and bur.
    Methods
    In this in vitro study, 48 primary molars were sectioned at mesiodistal direction and were randomly divided into 6 groups; G1: bur, G2: bur NaOCl 2.5%, G3: bur NaOCl 5.25%, G4: laser, G5: laser NaOCl 2.5%, G6: laser NaOCl 5.25%. One-Step Plus adhesive was applied after phosphoric acid gel and NaOCl over the dentin surfaces for all groups, and composite resin cylinders were bonded to the samples. After thermocycling, shear bond strengths of composite resin to dentin were measured and statistical analyses were done by means of t test and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
    Results
    The mean shear bond strength showed no significant difference between the groups prepared with bur (13.82 ± 3.49) and laser (14.18 ± 3.65) (P > 0.05). The mean difference of shear bond strength between three groups G1, G2 and G3 and between G4, G5 and G6 were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) figures showed an irregular surface in laser groups and fairly complete removal of smear layer from the orifices of the dentinal tubules, in the group in which NaOCl was used.
    Conclusion
    The application of different concentrations of NaOCl does not significantly improve the bond strength in dentin surfaces prepared with laser or bur.
    Keywords: Er:YAG Lasers, Primary teeth, Electron scanning microscopy, Hypochlorite, Sodium, Shear bond strength
  • Shahriar Shahriari, Shahin Kasraei, Ghodratollah Roshanaei, Hamed Karkeabadi, Hossein Davanloo Pages 36-41
    Introduction
    The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser in removing of the smear layer in the apical, middle, and coronal segments of root canal walls by scanning electron microscopy analysis.
    Methods
    Sixty single-rooted human mandibular teeth were decoronated to a standardized length. The samples were prepared by using Race rotary system to size 40, 0.04 taper and divided into 4 equal groups (n = 15). Group 1, irrigated with EDTA 17% and 5.25% NaOCl, groups 2, 3 and 4, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% NaOCl activated with Nd:YAG laser, respectively. Teeth were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney tests. P value of
    Results
    Five percent NaOCl LAI (laser-activated irrigation) showed best smear layer removal in test groups and the difference was statistically significant (P
    Conclusion
    All different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite activated with laser have a positive effect on removing of smear layer. Sodium hypochlorite activated with laser removed smear layer more effectively at the coronal and middle third compared to the apical third.
    Keywords: Nd YAG Lasers, Hypochlorite, Sodium, Layer, Smear
  • Assessment of Low-Level Laser Therapy Effects After Extraction of Impacted Lower Third Molar Surgery
    Shahrokh Raiesian, Mehdi Khani, Kazem Khiabani, Ershad Hemmati, Mohammad Pouretezad Pages 42-45
    Introduction
    The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain, swelling and maximum mouth opening in patients undergoing third molar surgery.
    Methods
    A prospective, randomized double-blind study was undertaken on 44 patients at the Dental School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, in 2015. A low-level laser was randomly applied on one of the two sides after surgery of 15 patients. The experimental side received 18 J/cm2 of energy density, wavelength of 980 nm, and output power of 1.8 W. On the control side, a hand-piece was applied intra-orally, but laser was not activated. In addition, in order to evaluate trismus, 13 patients were treated by unilateral laser therapy and 16 patients did not receive laser therapy at all. The laser was administered intraorally on two points of vestibular and lingual sides at 1 cm from the surgery site, and extraorally at the emergence of the masseter muscle, immediately after surgery, and repeated 24 hours later. The pain, swelling and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were compared between the two groups at 24 hours and a week after surgery.
    Results
    The mean score of pain 24 hours after surgery in the laser therapy group (2.3 ± 3.5) was significantly lower than the mean score of pain in the drug therapy (4.19 ± 3.09) (P = 0.036). Moreover, the mean score of pain at one week after surgery in the laser therapy group (0.13 ± 2.33) was significantly lower than the drug therapy group (1.43 ± 2.45) (P = 0.046). The amount of swelling according to different measurements did not significantly differ between the two groups neither at 24 hours nor at 1 week after surgery.
    Conclusion
    Our findings showed that LLLT was useful in reducing pain and could slightly reduce swelling compared to drug therapy in impacted third molar surgery.
    Keywords: Third molar, Laser therapy, Pain, Swelling, Maximum mouth opening
  • Taisa Rocha Navasconi, Vanessa Nesi Dos Reis, Camila Fabiano Freitas, Paulo Cesar Souza Pereira, Wilker Caetano, Noboru Hioka, Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni, Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides, Tha, Iacute, S. Gomes Verzignassi Silveira Pages 46-50
    Introduction
    The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based primarily on the use of pentavalent antimonials, which may lead to many side effects limiting their use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative for the treatment of CL, and some xanthene dyes have the potential for use in PDT.
    Methods
    The xanthenes rose bengal B (RB) and its derivatives rose bengal methyl ester (RBMET), and butyl ester (RBBUT) were analyzed for leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Cytotoxicity was assessed in J774.A1 macrophages.
    Results
    RB derivates RBMET (IC50 9.83 μM), and RBBUT (IC50 45.08 μM) showed leishmanicidal activity, however, were toxic to J774.A1 macrophages, resulting in low selectivity index.
    Conclusion
    The RBMET and RBBUT showed to be effective against the L. amazonensis and the low selectivity index presented may not be a limitation for their use in PDT to CL treatment.
    Keywords: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Photodynamic therapy, Leishmania amazonensis, Xanthenes, Rose Bengal B
  • Reza Birang, Jaber Yaghini, Naeimeh Nasri, Nasim Noordeh, Pedram Iranmanesh, Alireza Saeidi, Narges Naghsh Pages 51-55
    Introduction
    Periodontitis is an inflammatory periodontal disease that leads to tooth loss. Recently laser has been introduced as an alternative treatment for periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG) laser with ultrasonic scaler in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis.
    Methods
    In this randomized single-blind clinical trial, 27 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis were selected. One quadrant of the patients was treated by Er:YAG laser and the other one by ultrasonic scaler. Clinical parameters, including periodontal pocket depth (PPD), papillary bleeding index (PBI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured before, as well as 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software using Friedman test, paired t test, independent t test and Mann-Whitney test. The significance level was set at 0.05.
    Results
    The means of clinical parameters in both groups were significantly improved in the first and second follow-ups (P 0.05).
    Conclusion
    Although both ultrasonic scaler and Er:YAG laser could effectively improve clinical periodontal parameters, the results did not reveal the superiority of Er:YAG laser over ultrasonic scaler or vice versa.
    Keywords: Ultrasonic, Er:YAG lasers, Root planings, Scaling