نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 107 (تابستان 1394)

Twelve Turkmen horses with an average weight of 425 ± 4 kg and age of 6 ±1.8 years were used in the experiment. In all rations, the ratio of concentrate to forage was 65:35. Corn and oats, barley and wheat and barley with oats were used as a source of starch in 1, 2 and 3 ration respectively. Lignin and acid insoluble ash (AIA) were used as internal markers to determine the nutrient digestibility. Using lignin or AIA methods, the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract and digestible energy were significantly increased in treatment 1 (P<0.05). Digestion coefficients of ash-free neutral detergent fibre, ash-free acid detergent fibre, cellulose and hemicellulose were increased for treatments 1 and 3 (P<0.05). The digestion coefficients obtained by using both markers there was not significantly different (P >0.05) except in the case of ADFom and cellulose in diet 1 and ADFom, hemicellulose and cellulose in diet 2. However, the recovery rate of AIA and lignin were 106% and 91% respectively, the recovery rates of these markers are highly correlated with the total faecal collection method. In general, the inclusion of corn and oats in the ration has led to improve the nutrients digestibility compared to those without corn and oats.

In the present study karyotype of Mazani buffalo was studied in comparison with those of Azeri buffalo populations from Iran. Karyotyping analysisis a powerful instrument to determine the karyotype of farm animal and to turn up more about fundamental basis for chromosomal abnormalities.Blood samples were taken from ten (5 males and 5 females) Mazani buffaloes and thirty (15 males and 15 females) Azeri buffaloes. The Mazani buffaloes belong to state of Mazendaran and Azeri buffaloes belong to states of west and east Azerbaijan and Ardebil. Blood lymphocytes cultured at 37ºC for 72 hours in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and the metaphase spreads were performed on microscopic slide. Giemsa was used to stain chromosomes. The Mazani and Azeri Buffalo exhibited the same karyotype with diploid number of 2n = 50. The fundamental numbers (NF) were 60 in male and female. Stebbins classifications show both Mazani and Azeri buffaloes belong to 3B group. Both of Mazani and Azeri buffaloes are riverine. Based on the karyotype symmetry parameters, Mazani buffalo populations showed more symmetry that Azeri buffalo populations. The chromosomal evidences and other detailed karyotype analysis allows us to detect interrelationships of spices from a chromosomal point of view, to group the different populations and postulate relationships among them.

Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of chromium-l-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation and dietary energy source on performance and lactation during the Transition period. Cows were fed a total mixed ration consisting of two energy source from 28 d before anticipated calving through 28 d after calving. The Cr-Met was supplemented at dosages of 0 or 0.08 mg of Cr/kg of metabolic body weight. The study was designed as a randomized complete block design with 2 (Cr-Met levels) × 2 (energy sources) factorial arrangement. Fish oil Supplementation had no significant effect on prepartum dry matter intake (DMI) but decreased postpartum DMI. Supplemental Cr-Met increased prepartum and postpartum DMI. The effect of treatments on milk production was not significant. No differences were detected in milk composition except for fat percentage; in which cows were fed the fish oil had lower percentage of fat compared to others. Ammonia–N concentration was not affected by treatments. The molar proportion of acetate and butyrate were significantly decreased when fish oil was added to the diets.

Aflatoxins (AFs) are groups of toxin fungus that are produced by different species of fungi of Aspergillus flavusand Aspergillus parasiticus. In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of aflatoxin B1 in diet on the performance, total of 450 Japanese quail at 1 d of age were studied in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications (15 pieces in each replication). Treatments consisted of five levels of aflatoxin B1 in the diet (50, 100 200, 500, 1000 ppb) with a control group (without aflatoxin B1), respectively.At 28 d of age, of each experimental unit 2 chickens after collection of blood samples, Slaughtered and internal organs weighed individually.The presence of aflatoxin B1 in the diet was significantly reduced feed intake and body weight gain at 28 d of age. At the end of the fourth week, with increasing levels of aflatoxin B1 in diets, liver and gizzard weight indicated a significant increase and decrease, respectively. Diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 indicated significant effect on blood parameters so that with increasing levels of aflatoxin B1 decreased total protein and glucose levels in blood. Overall, the results of this study showed that the presence of aflatoxin B1 in quail's diet, Caused adverse effects on blood parameters, Viscera weight and performance of Japanese quail. thus importance of emphasizing on birdsdiet (quail) redoubleto control pollution.

In this research 5633 records, which collected by Khojir Sheep Breeding Station of Tehran, during the 1994 to 2011 were used for estimate of (co)variance component and evaluation of inbreeding effects on birth weight (BW) and pre weaning mortality (PMW) in Zandi lamb. Genetic parameters were estimated using REML procedures. AIC criterion test were used to choose the most suitable model. The most suitable animal model for BW included direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, maternal permanent environmental and common litter effects, and suitable model for PMW were included direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic and common litter effects. Also suitable threshold model was included sire additive genetic effects and litter effects, but the most appropriate sire model only including sire additive genetic effect. Direct and maternal heritability for BW was 0.11 and 0.08, respectively. Also, logit heritability and heritability obtained from threshold, animal and sire models were 0.14, 0.20 and 0.18, respectively. Genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlation between BW and PMW was -0.27, -0.23 and -0.28, respectively (p<0.05). The 27 percent of all animals in population were inbred. The mean of inbreeding coefficients in population and inbreed animals were 3.5 and 0.9 percent, respectively. The estimates of inbreeding depression were -3.5 g for BW and 0.1 percent for mortality, respectively (p<0.05).

In this study, the effect of white rot fungus Trametes versicolor on chemical composition and rumen degradability of cumin, wheat, barley and rapeseed straws were investigated and compared. Straws were inoculated with fungus mycelium and were kept in plastic bags at 25-30 °C and 70-80% relative humidity for 21 days. Then straws were dried, milled and their chemical compositions were measured. Rumen degradability was estimated using the nylon bag technique by 3 rams. The results showed that the loss of organic matter only in treated cumin straw was significant (P<0.05). Crude protein content in treated wheat, barley and rapeseed straw was increased whereas in treated cumin straw was significantly lower than control (P<0.05). After treatment with fungus, NDF in cumin straw increased while in the other treatments reduced. The amount of lignin (ADL) in treated wheat straw was lower than control (P<0.05). Among the treated straws, the cumin straw was contained the highest amount of fungal biomass (chitin)/dry matter (P<0.05). Degradability parameters of dry matter among varieties of straw were different and the highest values were observed in treated wheat and barley straw. Degradability of treated cumin straw decreased with increasing incubation time, compared with control (P<0.05). As well as degradability of dry matter at the treated rapeseed straw, showed a significant increase only at 0 and 6 hours (P<0.05). According to findings, it was concluded that effects of growth Trametes versicolor on chemical composition, cell wall components and rumen degradability among varieties of straw was different and in cumin straw, was not effective.

The aim of this study is to investigate the biological effects of grape pomace on growth parameters and metabolites blood of fattened lambs. About six tons of black grape pomace extracted from the fruit juice production process in Alifard Co (Sunich). Pomaces were dried and stored in enclosed air conditioned premises of lab in Animal Sciences Research Institute (ASRI). Grape pomace and alfalfa forages chemical compositions including GE, CP, NDF, Ash, NFC, TP, TT and EE were obtained by AOAC method. Performance parameters including daily weight gain, FCR and MCR (Kaleybar) were also determined by NRC. For male Afshari lambs, grape pomaces in five different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 %) were replaced with alfalfa forages. Blood metabolites such as glucose, total nitrogen and BUN were measured every 28 days. The results were as follows; Chemical composition of the grape pomace and alfalfa forages got different (P<0.05). A sensible difference was observed in daily weight gain, FCR and MCR as well as blood metabolites of the examined lambs (P<0.05). At the end, the highest performance of the fattened lambs was observed in experimental treatment using 60% of alfalfa forage and 40% grape pomace. Therefore appropriate usage of the grape pomace increases the production and decreases the cost of the feeding of the lambs.

In this study, variance components and genetic parameters of birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6 month weight (W6), 9 month weight (W9) and 12 month weight (W12) were estimated with Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method using WOMBAT software. The data set was included 12701 records of rural flocks under supervision of the Ghezel sheep breeding station is located in Western Azerbaijan province and collected over the period from 1994 to 2009. Effect of herd- year, lamb sex and litter size were significant on all traits. Effect of dam Age was only significant on BW, W6. Model that contains direct additive genetic and maternal common environmental effects was the suitable model for all mentioned traits except W12.Direct heritability of the BW,WW,W6,W9 and W12 based on the suitable model were 0.29, 0.26, 0.25, 0.56 and 0.34 respectively. The proportion of maternal common environmental variance to phenotypic variance (c2) for BW,WW,W6 and W9 were 0.66, 0.52, 0.34 and 0.18 respectively. The results of this study showed that direct heritability for body weight in studied rural flocks were high. Therefore genetic improvement through selection is possible for these traits. Moreover including maternal common environmental effect (c2) in analysis models for accurate estimation of direct heritability in this breed is recommendable.

A total of 47672 greasy fleece weight records belonging to 13,758 Baluchi sheep (progenies of 491 sires and 8109 dams) collected during 28 years (1983-2010); and also 926 wool samples from 13 half sib families and their dams from two flocks of Abbas-Abad breeding centre were used in analysis. The effects of sex, year and season of shearing, litter size (single, twin and multiple) and herds (two class include one and two) on fleece weight and wool fibre characterstics were evaluated. Birth year had significant effect on most of wool traits except for the percent of true wool, medullated, hetero-type fibers and percent of fibers between 40 to 50 microns. Greasy fleece weight and staple length was higher in males compared with females. Year and season of shearing had significant effect on greasy fleece weight. The average fiber diameter was different between two flock of Baluchi sheep. Animal repeated model and animal model were used for genetic analysis of greasy fleece weight and quality traits of fleece, respectively. Heritability and repeatability of greasy fleece weight were 0.13 and 0.27, respectively. Heritability of wool quality traits i.e. staple length, wool yield, average fibers diameter, coefficient of variation of fibers diameter in sample and the percent of true, medullated and hetero-type wool were 0.48, 0.23, 0.32, 0.24, 0.65, 0.20 and 0.16, respectively. The average breeding values from base year (1983) to the final year (2010) was increased by 93.2 gram per year. The results showed that selection for increasing body weight over 28 years has led to an increase in greasy fleece weight, but had no effect on quality traits. Therefore, the use of quality traits in breeding programs will lead to an improved fiber quality.

The aim of this experiment was studying the effects of lysine in take in pre and postpartum period on production, milk composition, blood metabolite and some reproduction hormones of Holstein cows. In this trial 90 multiparous cow randomly divided to three groups of 30 dairy cows. Dairy cows were allocated to treatments included of control (without lysine), lysine (20 gm/daily/cow) and lysine (40 gm/daily/cow) groups. Lysine used as top-dress with diet from ten days before calving probably to eight weeks after parturition. Blood and milk samples were collected weekly from the calving time to eight weeks of lactation. Blood metabolite (glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine and triglyceride) were evaluated by kit at laboratory and Production, Milk composition and udder immune system was estimated by milk recording, milkoscan system and count of somatic cells (SCC). However, LH and FSH were analyzed at 15 and 25 days postpartum. The results showed that lysine group (20 gm) significantly increase milk production (P<0/05). The milk of protein, lactose, total solid and SNF was higher in lysine groups (20 & 40 gm) at more weeks of experiment. Level of SCC was significantly low in lysine groups (20 & 40 gm) compare than to control group (P<0/05). Level of insulin and urea was significantly high in lysine groups (20 gm particularly) at more weeks of experiment (P<0/05). It was concluded that adding of lysine had more beneficial effects on production, milk composition and levels of glucose, insulin, urea, creatinine, triglyceride and LH and FSH in Holstein cows.

The purpose of this study was to genetic and phylogenetic analysis of D-Loop region in Khorasan Razavi native turkey. The blood samples were collected from 20 birds. After DNA extraction, 850 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b was amplified with specific primers. The amplified fragments were sequenced. 10 different heliotypes based on five nucleotide sequences were determined. The final sequence of each haplotype with an approximate length of 723 bp was containing 23.10 % of adenine, 16.04% guanine, 30.71% cytosine and 30.15 % of the thymine. phylogenetic results by UPGM showed that Khorasan Razavi native turkey had a closer relationship with native America, Italy and South Africa turkeys compare other than which may be due to the very close genetic affinity turkey breeds Khorasan Razavi with this turkeys.

In a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2×4), 192 White-Hyline laying hens at the age of 38 weeks were used. Treatments were four basal diets including 0, 10, 15 and 20 percent of wheat bran each with (0.05 percent) or without multi-purpose enzyme that were tested for a period of 84 days experiment. The enzyme consisted of Rovabioexel containing xylanase 2200 unit/g, beta gluconase 200 unit/g, cellulase 100 unit/g and pectinase 100 unit/g. The results indicated that diets contained 10 and 20 percent wheat bran had the highest and lowest egg production percentage (P<0.05) respectively. Increasing the level of wheat bran up to 20 percent led to a decrease in daily feed consumption (P<0.05). Egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio were not significantly affected by the levels of wheat bran and enzyme. Furthermore, egg quality traits such as egg shape index, albumen quality (Hugh unit), yolk color index, percentages of yolk and albumen, as well as egg shell thickness were not significantly affected by the levels of wheat bran and enzyme. Based upon the results of this experiment, 10 percent of wheat bran is an appropriate level which could be used in the diet of laying hens.

An experiment was conducted to study the use of industrial potassium chloride (PC) and ammonium chloride (AC) in grower male broiler diet as moderator of natural cyclic heat stress (23-41°C) in Qom province. Trial was carried out in random complete design with 12 treatments and 4 replicates in which 19 male broilers were reared on the litter. Experimental diets were as follows: Control group without any PC or AC, rations 2-5 contain 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 & 0.9 percent industrial PC, ration 6 contain 0.7 percent highly purified PC, rations 7-11 contain 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 & ration 0.7 percent industrial AC and rations 12 contain 0.5 percent highly purified AC. Result indicated that rations contain 0.8 & 0.9 percent industrial PC observed highest feed intake and body weight gain that had no significant different with other treatment in exception with 0.6 percent PC (p<0/05). The best feed conversion ratio also were observed in rations contain 0.8 percent industrial PC that had no significant different with 0.7 and 0.9 percent industrial PC. There were no significant different in different part percentage of carcass and chemical component percentage of carcass. So increasing 0.8 and 0.9% PC in grower and finisher diets of heat stressed broilers were the best treatment in this trial.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary amino acid levels, and feeding method on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. Experimental design was based on completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with 3 feeding method (control, intermittent feeding and continue feed withdrawal), and 2 amino acid levels (Arian typically recommended and 8-10 % more). Each treatment was replicated to 6 pens with 23 male broilers per pen. In control feeding no feed withdrawal was applied. In intermittent feeding from 11 to 24 days 4 times an hour’s feed allowance and 4 hours restriction and 1 time an hour’s feed allowance and 3 hours restriction was applied. From 25 days 4 times an hour’s feed allowance and 4 hours restriction and from 1 am to 6 am no feed restriction was applied. In continue feeding from 11 to 24 days 6 hours and from 25 days 4 hours feed withdrawal was applied. Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), mortality, and feed conversion were measured on 11, 24, 36, 45, and 49 day. At the end of the experiment carcass percentage, breast, leg and abdominal fat were measured with 5 birds from each pen. Data were analyzed by completely randomized design. Feed conversion was improved by both increasing amino acid levels and feed restriction methods (p<0.05). Broilers fed high density amino acid diet had increased BW at the age of 36, 45 and 49 days when compared with broilers fed standard amino acid recommendation (p<0.05). Feed restriction had no adversely effect on BW. Feed intake was positively reduced by increasing the duration of feed withdrawal. No effect of dietary amino acid density was observed for FI. Amino acid had inversely effect on carcass yield (p<0.05). Feed restriction reduced yield of breast and back (p<0.05). Continue feed withdrawal schedule reduced mortality more than other feeding programs. The present experiment shows that Overall improvements in economically important parameters may be observed by continue feed withdrawal when standard amino acid concentration is used.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary garlic powder on performance, blood and egg parameters of Japanese quail, in 8-week old with 3 treatments (diets) and 4 replicates with 20 quail per each replicate for 9 weeks. Treatments including: control (basal diet without garlic powder), treatment 2 (2.5 percent of garlic powder) and treatment 3 (5 percent of garlic powder). Initial and final body weight, feed intake, egg production, eggshell thickness and egg weight were not affected by treatments (p>0.05). Yolk cholesterol, blood triglycerides and Uric acid were affected significantly and was significantly lower in treatment 3 than control diet (p<0.05). HDL in treatment of 3 was significantly higher than the other treatments (p>0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that adding 5% garlic powder to the laying quail diets resulted in improve blood parameters and cholesterol-reducing effect in egg yolk without adverse effects on performance and egg traits.

In the current study, the humoral immune responses (the titers of total antibody, immunoglobulin Y and immunoglobulin M) and plasma protein concentrations (total protein, albumin, globulin and the ratio of albumin to globulin) measured at 22 and 50 weeks of age on 49 high-productive Arian broiler line and 79 native fowls were compared. All traits were analyzed with a three-way ANOVA model with interactions, fitting two strains (Arian and native), two sexes (male and female) and two different ages (22 and 50 weeks of age). Total antibody titer and immunoglobulin Y titer in native strain, females and the birds at age of 22 weeks were significantly higher than the Arian strain, males and birds at age of 50 weeks, respectively. Total plasma protein, albumin and globulin concentrations in Arian strain and age of 50 weeks were higher than native strain and age of 22 weeks, respectively. In both strains, the concentrations of albumin were higher in hens. Except for the age effect, the ratio of albumin to globulin in native strain and in females was higher than Arian strain and males, respectively. This ratio was the lowest in Arian roosters. For the interaction among main effects, the lowest immune responses of total antibodies and immunoglobulin Y was observed for Arian roosters, age of 50 weeks for both strains and age of 50 weeks of both sexes. For these effects, no similar pattern was observed for the immunoglobulin M. In general, the results of the present study indicated that the male and female native birds have higher humoral immune responses comparing to Arian roosters, when they are kept under the same condition. Therefore, it is possible to produce more resistant chickens through mating native rooster with Arian hens.

The effects of static magnetic field on tibia measurements, blood parameters and performance of day-old Hay-Line W-36 were investigated.A total of 180 fresh fertilized egg weighed and randomly assigned to 6 treatments namely, without and 5 static magnetic fields of 4, 5, 6, 7.5 and 10 μT (micro tesla) density. For implementation of treatments, magnets with dimensions of 0.36­3636 cm and 4000 μT density (40 G) were used. Treatments were implemented on 5, 7, 9, 11 and 15 days of incubation. Each egg was as a replicateunder complete randomized design. After hatching and weighting, 15 day-old birds were slathered from each treatment. Tibiae bone for characteristics and mechanical properties were separated. Tissue slices were prepared and width of epiphyseal plate in proximal and distal epiphysis were measured by motic software. In this study, in spite of similar weight of eggs (p>0.05), weight of day-old chicks in 10 μT treatment was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the control and 6 μT treatments. The percentage of hatchability and mortality were not affected by all treatments (p>0.05), but with the exception of 4 μT treatment, hatchability of the other treatments were marginally higher (p>0.05) than the control. The length of tibiae bone of 6 μT treatment was significantly increased (p<0.05), nonetheless, no significant difference was observed in bone density and mechanical strength parameters. The results of this study show that 6 μT treatment caused to improvement in hatching weight, increasing of epiphyseal plate and tibiae length.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of arginine levels in drinking water on Mortality, performance and some blood parameters in broiler chickens with ascites. Two hundred forty 1-d-old Ross male broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments (with 4 replicate each containing 20 chicks). From d 14 to 42, all the chicks were exposed to low ambient temperature (10 to 15 °C) to induce ascits. From d 14, the drinking water were supplemented with arginine at levels of %0 (Control), % 0.15 and % 0.3. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured from week 3. Blood parameters (urea, uric acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) & thyroxin (T4) were determined at days 21 and 42 of age. Two chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered and then ascetic Index (ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight) calculated at 42 days of age. Mortality was recorded daily, and all of the dead birds were examined for ascites throughout the study. Results showed: % 0.3 arginine treatments had the highest body weight gain and the lowest feed conversion ratio in total period (p<0.05). Moreover, % 0.3 arginine significantly increase plasma concentration of thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) & thyroxin (T4) and decreased urea, triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL at day 42 (p<0.05). Plasma level of uric acid was significantly increased by % 0.3 arginine at day 21. Furthermore, Ascetic Index and mortality due to ascites, were significantly lower in % 0.3 arginine group (p<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of % 0.3 arginine in drinking water in broilers under ascites, significantly improved performance and reduced mortality.

Each of four pasture grasses (Matricaria chamomila, Urtica dioica, Gundelia tournefortii and Taraxacum officinal), were added separately to oat hay (basal diet) at 15:85 ratio and in vitro digestibilityand gas production were determined.Results showed the highest dry matter and organic matter digestibility (694 and 700 g per kg DM) was obtained by Matricaria chamomile. Methane reduction potential (MRP) ranged 13.01 to 24.9%, which was the highest in terms of Matricaria chamomilla treatment (24.9%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that Matricaria chamomillamay be positively affect digestibility and MRP.

In the current study, major gene segregation for body weight at 8 weeks of age (BW8), age at sexual maturity (ASM), average egg weight during 84 days of laying (EW) and number of eggs laid during egg production period (EN) traits were evaluated using data which was collected from Fars Native Breeding Center. Cox Box transformation was applied for all traits except for EN. Major gene detection was achieved by using highest posterior density region for genetic variance of major gene in the population. Therefore, a Bayesian segregation analysis model including non-genetic effects (generation-hatch, sex as fixed and laying period as covariate) and genetic effects (polygenic and biallelic major gene locus as random and fixed ones, respectively) was fitted on the data. The marginal posterior distribution of the model parameters were obtained by Gibbs sampling using iBay software. Based on diagnostic tests for each trait, two large chains were considered. For each chain, the number of Gibbs samples, burn in, and thining interval were equal to 500000, 50000 and 50, respectively. The Bayesian segregation analysis revealed the evidence for major gene segregation for ASM. For other traits there were not the same results. It is also recommended that the laboratory methods should be applied to verify the present results as well as additional methods for major gene detection for variety of traits in the same population.

Two hundred forty one-day male broilers (Ross 308) were divided in 3 treatments (with 4 replicate and 20 chicks for a replicate). All of broilers reared under a cold environmental temperature to induce ascites. Experimental treatments were included 1- was fed a commercial corn-soybean meal- based diet (0 mg of Coenzyme Q10), 2- 20mg per kg of Coenzyme Q10+ Control 3- 40mg per kg of Coenzyme Q10+ Control. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were measured from week 3. Blood parameters were determined at days 21 and 42 of age. At 42 days of age, 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered and then ascetic Index (ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight) calculated. Results of performance showed: 40mg/kg coenzyme Q10 treatments had the lowest feed conversion ratio in total period (p<0.05). Blood parameters results showed that 40mg/kg coenzyme Q10,significantly increased plasma concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and decreased urea, triglyceride and red blood cells, at day 42 (p<0.05).Moreover, 40mg/kg coenzyme Q10significantly increased HDL and decreased cholesterol at day 21 and 42. It is also, ascetic Index and mortality due to Ascites, were significantly lower in 40mg/kg coenzyme Q10, group (p<0.05). In concluded, 40mg/kg coenzyme Q10 improved growth performance and reduced mortality due to ascites in broilers with ascites.

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of different concentrations of St.John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extract (HPE) and antibiotic neomycin on performance,blood parameters and meat quality of broiler chicks. The experiment was performed on 180 one day old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments consisting of 3 replicate with 12 broiler chicks per each. The treatments include a control treatment (basal diet), three different levels of HPE (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 gr HPE /kg diet) and one treatment with 0.2 gram per kilogram antibiotic (neomycin). Broilers fed the diet containing antibiotic had higher feed intake compared to treatments HPE during in growth period and overall experimental periods (P<0.05). Broilers receiving neomycin diet had lower feed conversion ratio compared to broilers receiving 0.25 or 0.75 g HPE /kg during finisher and entire experimental periods. The serum cholesterol had significantly decreased in the treatment with 0.75 gr HPE /kg diet, in sixth week (P <0.05). Adding of HPE were significantly dry matter decreased and protein increased in broiler breast and drumastick (P<0.05). Between the physical characteristics of the drumstick, treatments of 0.50 gr HPE /kg had lowest hardness, Cohesiveness and chewiness index (P<0.05).In conclusion, the result of this study showed that addition of St. John’s Wort extracthas not a positive influence on growth performance but can improving physical and chemical characteristics of meat quality.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of white grape pulp silage (WGPS) on the diet of finishing calves. In a completely randomized block design, with 4 treatments and 6 replications, twenty four male Holstein calves with initial weight of 234.4±24.67 kg were used in 90 days experiment. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous rations were formulated in which, WGPS was included in amount of 0.0 (control), 12, 24 and 36% (DM basis). Results showed that the daily feed intake was increased by inclusion of WGPS in the diets (p< 0.05) so that the calves fed 35% WGPS had the highest (9.31kg) but those received control diet had the lowest (8.19kg) DM intake throughout the experiment. During the first month of the experiment, animals received control diet, had the highest weight gain than the other groups and a linear decreasing in body weight gain was found by increasing the WGPS in the diets (p<0.05). However, at the end of the experiment, the highest amount of weight gain was found in the animals fed diet contained 12% WGPS. Furthermore, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was affected by the diets (p<0.05) where it was increased linearly as the percentage of WGPS was increased in the diets. In conclusion, the white grape pulp could be ensiled, as usual for the common forages, and used in the diet of ruminants up to 12 percent.

A total number of 750 one day old Ross-308 broiler chickens were allocated randomly to 5 treatments with 5 replicates using a CRD statistical design. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets content of NSP wheat and wheat bran sources with and without exogenous enzymes on gut microbial population and physiological characteristics of broilers. Treatments were control, wheat, wheat bran, wheat+ enzyme, and wheat bran+ enzyme. Effects of different treatments and supplemented enzymes groups on the intestinal microbial population were significant. The least population of gram negative, coliforms and clostridiums and the highest population of lactic acid and bifidobacteria were existed in control and enzyme supplemented groups.Maximum digesta pH was belonged to wheat and wheat bran groups. The highest and least digesta viscosity was observed in wheat bran and control treatments respectively. Control had the least and highest pancreatic amylase and lipase enzyme activity respectively. Using of wheat diets decreased the villus length but increased the cript depth. However, supplementation of those diets with exogenous enzymes restored the situation.The highest and least villus length at deudenum, jejenum and ilium were belonged to wheat+ enzyme wheat bran groups respectively. In conclusion, using of wheat and wheat bran in broiler had negative effects on productive and physiological characteristics but supplementation of its with exogenous enzymes restored the situation.