نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 116 (پاییز 1396)

To evaluate the effect of vitamin E and organic selenium by intra eggs injection method on performance, livability and meat quality of broilers, two tests Were conducted. in the first experiment using 800 Fertilized eggs in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments (treatment1: control, treatment2: In-ovo injection of saline, treatment 3,4 and 5 In-ovo injection of selenium, vitamin E and selenium vitamin E respectively) and 4 replicates and 40 eggs and in the second experiment, a completely randomized design, with 10 treatments (chicken of the first trial with two diet of recommended levels of selenium and vitamin E and more than the recommended levels) and 3 replicates per treatment and 15 one-day-old broiler chicks of the first experiment were allocated. In the first experiment results showed that intra egg injection of vitamin E and selenium had no significant effects on hatching eggs. In the second test results showed that weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of chickens were not affected using different levels of selenium and vitamin E. The results showed that the levels of malon di-aldehyde (index TBARS) and storage time in the freezer showed statistically significant difference between the different treatments (P

The present research was performed to study the genetic analysis of length of productive life and production traits (milk yield, fat yield and protein yield) Iranian Holstein cows. Thus, the records of 90112 first lactation dairy cows were used. Data were collected from 759 herds during 1996 to 2013 by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran. Estimation of variance components was performed by restricted maximum likelihood method using DMU package. Genetic and phonotypic trends were computed as a linear regression of yearly means on calving year. The estimated heritabilities of length of productive life, functional productive life, milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were 0.04, 0.03, 0.23, 0.17 and 0.20, respectively. Genetic correlation of length of productive life, functional productive life with production traits ranged from 0.02-0.11. Estimated genetic correlation of milk yield with fat yield and protein yield was 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. Genetic trends for lifetime traits (productive and functional) were -0.02 and 0.002 d, respectively (P>0.05) and for milk yield, fat yield and protein yield were 5.46, 0.08 and 0.09 kg, respectively (P

This study was designed to investigate the effects of various concentrations of egg yolk (5, 10, 15 and 20%) and Lecithin (1, 1.5 and 2%) in the extenders based on tris (with 5% glycerol) on the Marghoz goat spermatozoa after freezing-thawing. Semen samples were collected by an artificial vagina, twice a week from four matured goat.The extender containing semen was frozen in liquid nitrogen and then was stored until using for assessment. Semen was thawed at 37◦C and then motility and progressive motility were assessed by CASA. Membrane integrity and viability,morphology were assessed as well and Malondialdehiyde (MDA) were were assessed as well. The results of this experiment showed that extender containing 15% egg yolk and 1.5% Lecithin significantly improved motility, progressivemotility and viability compare to other levels (P 0.05). It can be concluded that use of 15% egg yolk in animal extender and 1.5% Lecithin in vegetable extender is suitable for cryopreservation of Marghoz goat semen.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed supplementation with Thyme-dried leaves (TDL) on growth performance, serum parameters, humoral immunity, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) relative weight of broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets with low nutrients density. One hundred and sixty day old meal “Ross 308” broiler chicks were arranged in a random completely design (CRD) with 4 treatments (zero, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2% dietary supplemented with TDL), 4 replicates/treatment and 10 chicks per replicate. Compared with the control group, birds fed diets containing 0.4% TDL had a higher (P

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of sodium bentonite (SB) on milk yield, digestibility and feed intake of Holstein dairy cows fed phosalone pesticide-contaminated alfalfa silage. Twenty Holstein dairy cows (average weight 577±37 kg) were used as a completely randomized design with repeated measurements. Experimental treatments were 1) control: containing alfalfa silage without pesticide phosalone and SB, 2) control SB alone (330g SB/head/day), 3) control contaminated alfalfa with phosalone, and 4) control SB (330g/day) contaminated alfalfa with phosalone. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk efficiency were not affected by the treatments, but the milk production, digestibility of DM and organic matter were higher in treatments containing SB compared to control (P

Twenty-four Raeini cashmere goat females (2 and 3 years of age and 35.0±1.4 kg BW) were used to determine effects of melatonin implants and bromocryptine on fiber growth rate (length), cashmere and hair diameter and fleece production. A completely random design was carried out. Four groups were formed: 1) control, 2) melatonin implant, 3) bromocryptine injection and 4) melatonin implant bromocryptine injection. The experimental goats received melatonin implants subcutaneously 18 mg/kg BW at first and repeated after 40 days, group 2), bromocryptine ( 0.5 mg/kg BW per 3 days; group 3) and melatonin implant and with bromocryptine; group 4 ). All goats were fed a balanced diet under the same environmental and natural photoperiodic conditions in a 60-day, from February to March. Overall mean fleece weight were 607.4, 600.3, 523.3 and 471.3g, for bromocryptine, melatonin溺⚡쫲ꛘ, melatonin and control groups, respectively, being greater for bromocryptine and melatonin溺⚡쫲ꛘ than for the other groups (P

The present study conducted to investigate the comparative effects of different levels of Ferula Assafoetida gum (FAG) and antibiotic on the growth performance, immune response, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In this respect, in a completely randomized design, a total of 200 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were exposed to 5 treatments with 4 replicates, 10 chicks each. The dietary treatments consisted of: basal diet (BD) with no additives, BD.02% Flavophospholipol, BD 0.05% FAG, BD 0.1% FAG and BD 0.25% FAG. The percentage of Flavophospholipol antibiotic was periodically measured. At the end of experiment, from each replication, two birds were exsanguinated from the wing vein to measure the blood parameters. The results indicated that during the growth period and overall the experiment, the effect of FAG and antibiotic on the daily weight gain was significant (P

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different of oil sources on economic performance in fattening lambs. Thirty-five male lambs were used in a completely randomized design. Evaluation of economic performance of fattening lambs is done by 8 indices included Initial weight, final weight, dry matter intake, daily weight gain, feed conversation ratio, price of of feed intake and the cost of one kg live weight gain and 7 treatments included: 1- control diet based (without oil), 2- diet with 3 % fish oil, 3- diet with 3 % canola oil, 4- diet with 3 % soybean oil 5- diet with 1.5 % fish oil 1.5 % canola oil, 6- diet with 1.5 % fish oil 1.5 % soybean oil, 7- diet with 1.5 % canola oil 1.5 % fish oil. The results showed that the treatment contain canola oil had the highest rank. Diets containing fish oil, blend of fish oil plus soybean oil and blend of canola oil plus soybean oil had the lowest rank among treatments. The indices of initial body weight, dry matter intake and carcass weight had the highest influences on economic performance respectively. The results showed that adding of canola oil at 3% in diet had the highest economic performance, while blend of fish oil plus soybean oil and blend of canola oil plus soybean oil had the lowest economic performance and incorporation binary-blend of these oils in equal proportion is not recommended in diets of fattening lambs.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of using vitamin E in the flushing diet on reproductive performance of Lori-Bakhtiari ewes. Two hundred healthy and non-lactating Lori-Bakhtiari ewes with an average live body weight 57.5±6.7 kg and 2-7 years of age, reared in the rural (n=100) and the nomadic (n=100) system, were studied. Ewes in each flock were randomly assigned to two diets. Diets contained basal diet plus 250 g/ewe barley grains (control) or basal diet plus 250 g/ewe barley grains plus 500 IU vitamin E. The feeding regimens started from 2 weeks before lasted to 3 weeks after ram introduction. Data for weight and body condition score of ewes at mating; conception rate, lambing and prolificacy were collected and analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS. Treatments did not affect the overall conception, lambing and prolificacy rates (P>0.05); however, these traits for the vitamin E group were numerically higher than the control group. Conception rate during first 21 days after ram introduction, and the majority of the ewes which had lambed during the first 21 days, were significantly higher (P0.05). Overall conception rate was lower for ewes with 2.5 body condition score (P

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of two pressure levels in the hydraulic press (200 and 220 bar) of complete feed blocks (CFBs) manufacturing machine, three levels of the pressure dwell time (5, 17 and 30 seconds) and two levels of forage particle size (10 and 30mm) on compressibility characteristics of CFBs in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 10 replications. In each CFB, forage, concentrate and molasses ratio was 45: 45: 10 and forage portion of the diet contains 29 percent of alfalfa hay and 16 percent of wheat straw, based on dry matter. By increasingin the hydraulic press pressure and the pressure dwell time, the density of CFBs were increased. The average of density (Kg/m3) in CFBs containing large forage particles (457.03 ± 4.36)were lower than CFBs containing small forage particles (478.28 ± 4.50, p

In this study 429 smallholder dairy farms in 44 villages of the Zabol county included 1728 lactating cows and 3759 head of total herd during February 2015 to March 2016 were recorded to assess the estimate economic opportunities per cow. A questionnaire survey was used to collect data from last year information, direct recording during visit the farm and interview with the smallholder farmer. The number of 5 economic indices calculated using revenue and expense for each farm. The economic opportunity is the amount of additional revenue that could be obtained if farmers could improve various productivity indexes to meet reasonable targets. The economic opportunity estimated as the amount of difference between average herd and reasonable target multiplied by the value of one unit change in the variable in Rials. The sum of economic opportunities per cow per year estimated as 19.68 million Rails included 8.13 million Rails (37.73%) for average daily milk production per cow, 6.47 million Rails (32.51%) for average age at first calving, 3.58 million Rails (20.58%) for average lactation length, 0.82 million Rails (5.33%) for average calf production interval and 0.67 million Rails (3.85%) for average calf mortality, respectively. There was significant variation between different levels of season, breed, rearing system and herd size for the performance of economic opportunities indices. The results obtained in this study can be used in planning to improve the performance economic indices to improve productivity and economic efficiency in smallholder cattle farms.

In order to evaluate the impact of the prediction Incomplete pedigree breeding value and genetic trends of Karakul sheep pelt, from real data collected at the Sarakhs of karakul sheep breeding station during the years 1995 to 2015 were used. Studied trait was: degree of Pelt that birth weight as auxiliary variables in the statistical model was used. For every trait, data from 21 years of selection and mating was saved in separate files. And the file of pedigree, sire’s number by 25% (from zero to one hundred percent) was removed randomly and data files for each trait in a state of complete and incomplete pedigree (removed 25, 50, 75 and 100% Number of Sires) under the animal model was used. Genetic trends of the pelt through regression of average breeding value on Birth year estimate that has to remove different percentages Numbers sire (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 percent) from pedigree to were as follows: 0.0420 ± 0.0061, 0.0161 ± 0.0056, -0.0472 ± 0.031, 0.0161± 0.0056 and 0.0161 ± 0.0056. And heritability were, respectively: 0.74 ± 1.76, 0.72 ± 1.65, 0.71 ± 1.49, 0.73 ± 1.38 and 0.76 ± 1.25. The overall defect in pedigree by increasing percentage of elimination the number of sire, direct heritability reduced to 75% removal sire's number, then place the increase of heritability was the pelt as well as genetic trend by increasing the removal rate Sire Number fell.

This experiment was carried out to study the forage yield, nutritional value and fermentation process of corn and sorghum silages. Agronomic and qualitative traits for corn and sorghum forages were evaluated in five row intercropping ratio, which were 100% corn, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100% sorghum. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Approximately, 200 mg of each sample was weighed into a 120-ml serum vial and were incubated. There was significant differences (P

It is not easy to apply gene pathway in different traits in animal breeding, But identifying of gene pathways which obtain from transcriptomics data and influence a biological process could be an important step to better understanding the regulatory mechanisms of this process. In this study, leukocyte transcriptomics data was applied to evaluation of molecular mechanism related to improving the immune response by analysis of gene pathways. To achieve this, RNA-Seq data with accession number GSE37447 was downloaded from NCBI data bank and data quality control was done by FastQC software. Detection of genes and isoforms was performed by TopHat2 software and then level of genes’ and isoforms’ gene expression was conducted by HT-Seq. differentially gene expression was analyzed by edgeR. Analysis of gene pathways was done by online software DAVID based on genes which had differentially gene expression. Gene pathway analysis showed spliceosome and mismatch repair pathway were activated in leukocytes. Therefore, mentioned gene pathways could explain how to strengthen of the immune response and better clarify of regulatory pathways in this biological process. It seems genes, transcription factors, microRNA and/or cofactors which involve in these gene pathways (spliceosome and mismatch repair pathway) could be helped in order to improve the immune system by inbreeding programs because these gene pathways directly influence on the immune system activation and regulation of its functions.

The growth is defined as the change of live weight per unit of time and can be studied by monitoring its changes at different ages, using mathematical describing growth models. So, in this research to study the growth curve, weight records of 37 male and 42 female buffaloes were collected from birth to five years in one herd of Khuzestan province (totally 2694 weight records) were used. Surveyed functions were included of five Gompertz, Logistic, Brody, VanBertalanfy and Richards growth models. Regression models were perfumed, using NLIN procedure of SAS 9.1 software. To determine the best model the criteria including of adjusted coefficient of determination, Mean Squared Error, Absolute Mean Residual Deviation and second order bias correction Akaike Information Criterion were used. The results showed that the VanBertalanfy, with high adjusted determination coefficient and the lowest error criteria, was more suitable than other models. Models fitted for both male and female buffaloes had the same results and Vanbrtalanfy, Richards, Gompertz, Brody and logistics were ranked from 1 to 5 for both groups, respectively. The maturity weight and the maturation rate based on appropriate model were 631 and 857 kg, and 0.052 and 0.050 kg per month for female and male buffaloes, respectively. Correlation between the maturity weight and the maturation rate was also obtained -0.92 and -0.91 for male and female buffalo. The age of female and male buffalo in inflection point were estimated 11.62 and 12.42 months, respectively. The proposed model can be used in prediction of the growth.

To evaluate the effects of different of barberry pulp (BP) on production traits, blood parameters and immune system of broilers under heat stress, an experiment with 160 male Ross 308 chicks in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chicks each were done. A basal corn-soybean diet (Control) and three other treatments were diets contained the levels of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 percent barberry pulp treatment was fed. The experimental period was 42 days. The cyclic daily heat stress was done from 28 to 42 days. In this period, daily room temperature was increased from 21oC to 38±2°C during 10:00 until 17:00 hours. The treatments had no significant effects on body weight, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, carcass yield, heart, bursa of fabricius and liver. The relative weight of breasts and bursa of fabricus were increased when birds received 7.5 percent Barberry pulps (BP) compared to control. Serum concentration of cholesterol and HDL and liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and immune system were not affected by the levels of BP treatments. However the BP diets decreased the serum concentration of serum triglycerides and LDL. The blood concentration of glucose were increased by different levels of BP. The levels of 2.5% of BP increased the total protein as compared to control. Therefore, this findings were proposed since Barberry pulps had no any negative effects on production parameters and an improvement in the blood and immune system up to 7.5 %, it could be used in HS broilers.

A total of 480 one-day-old male turkey (B.U.T.6) were assigned to eight treatments with six replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a 4x2 factorial arrangement. Treatment groups were four ideal ratios of digestible Arg to Lys (85, 95, 105, and 115%) and two levels of CreAmino (0 and 0.06%) as a guanidino acetic acid (GAA) source. Body weight gains (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed intake (FI) were measured during two periods of starter (0-21d) and grower (22-49d). At the end of experiment (49 d) two birds per replicate were selected and slanghtered and their carcass traits were measured. The main effect of Arg:Lys on BWG was significant during starter period (P

In these models, chemical composition such as CP, Ash, EE, ADF, NDF and NFE used as an independent variable for estimation energetic value of Iranian sainfoin according to chemical composition and gas test method data to complete nutritive value the tables of Iranian feedstuff. The data were collected from animal nutrition laboratory of Animal Science Research Institute (ASRI) and some other labs of Educational and research centers of the IRAN. For each above Chemical composition fitted equations for Linear, logarithmic, inverse, quadratic, cubic, power, S, and exponential were done. Comparison the equations of tables showed that the fitted equations on the base of CP as independent variable are the best equations. Among the fitted equations of CP, the Quadratic for its precision was chosen. For ME estimation of sainfoin hay used CP as independent predictor and in this regard estimated TDN, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation (NEL) and Net energy for maintenance(NEm) were equal 65.22,2.43,1.44 and 1.17 Mcal/Kg DM. receptively.

Body compositions in broiler are important economic traits. In order to identify loci associated with body composition traits, genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out in a chicken F2 population, derived from a reciprocal cross between Azerbaijan indigenous chickens and Aryan broiler line using Illumina 60K Chicken SNP Beadchip. For each bird, a total 6 traits including carcass weight, breast weight, drumstick and thigh weight and their percentage traits were recorded. The association between the identified SNPs and body composition traits was estimated by general linear model (GLM) and compressed mixed linear model (CMLM). A total of 22 SNPs were found in the genome-wide significance and suggestive levels. All detected SNPs were located in internal, upstream and/or downstream of candidate genes related to our studied traits. In conclusion, the identified candidate genes have molecular functions related to body composition traits. So, these candidate genes can be applied in the chicken breeding scheme.