نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 118 (بهار 1397)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive responses to different flushing treatments in Lori-Bakhtiari ewe-lambs and mature ewes.For this purpose, a total of 55 ewe-lambs and 245 mature ewes in a flock containing 400 ewes, were selected and randomly divided into three groups. The treatments were as: 1; no flushing (control), 2;flushing with barley and 3;flushing with barley and fat. Flushing diets were offered from 2 weeks before to 3 weeks after ram introduction. The conception and parturition rates in ewe-lambs, were significantly affected by treatments (p

This study was done to determine the most efficient estrus synchronization method for fixed timed artificial insemination of Torki-ghashghaie does during the non-breeding season. Treatment groups were: 1) CIDR; the animals were treated with intravaginal devices impregnated with 0.3 g of progesterone for 16 days. 2) Treatment 1 and IM injection of 400 IU eCG in CIDR removal. 3) Sponge; the does were treated with sponge impregnated with 40 mg flugestone acetate for 16 days. 4) Treatment 3 and IM injection of 400 IU eCG in sponge removal. 5) Implant; 1.5 mg norgestomet implant was inserted in subcutaneous ear for 10 days and injected IM with 1.5 mg norgestomet and 2.5 mg estradiul valerate in first day. 6) Treatment 5 and IM injection of 400 IU eCG in implant removal. 7) Two IM injection of 10 mg PGF2α eCG with 10 days interval and 8) Treatment 7 and IM injection of 400 IU eCG in tenth day. The injection of eCG was not effective on estrus response in progestagens base treatments, but increased significantly (p

This study was to investigate effect of replacing waste potatoes cooked with barley on ruminal was measured degradation and some blood parameters in lambs fattened Zell. In the first experiment, ruminal degradability of dry matter, crude protein, NDF and ADF Using plastic bag with three fistulated sheep fed Zel maintenance level. Incubation times in rumen were including 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. DM degradability was significantly affected by treatments. In the second experiment, 20 male lambs with an average initial weight of 33±2 kg were fattened in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates for 80 days. Treatments included a control diet based on maize silage barley and potatoes cooked without waste treatments containing control diet supplemented with 15, 30 and 45 % of waste potatoes cooked replaced with Barley (based on dry matter), respectively. The results showed that the degradation parameters are not significant differences among treatments. The glucose concentration in the group with the diet containing cooked potato waste was higher than the control group (p

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of particle size of two forages on rumen parameters of ten Sangsari fistulated lactating ewes using a complete randomized design with five treatments in six replications during 30 days.Experimental rations includes 1) coarse alfalfa犆ꮱ corn silage 2) medium alfalfaઆꮱ corn silage 3) medium alfalfa 縩 corn silage 4) Fine alfalfa犆ꮱ corn silage 5) Fine alfalfaᘩ corn silage. The ruminal content of ewes manually evacuated at 3, 7.5, and 12 h post feeding and seprated to particulate and liquied phase. The chemical composition of feed ingredients and experimental rations were similar but particle size of forages was different among treatments. Along with decrease of particle size, pef>8 decreased significantly. Also, reduction of particle size decreased the value of pef>1.18 in alfalfa and corn silage. Geometric mean of particles was decreased significantly with decrease of particle size, but standard deviation of geometric mean was tended to significance. Consumption of neutral detergent fiber was not affected by forage particle size. Geometric mean of solid particle size in rumen at different hours after feeding did not show significant difference. Along with increase of time after feeding, portion of passable phase particles from rumen was increased. Feeding activity and total chewing time were not affected by experimental treatment, but as was expectable along with decrease of particle size, rumination time was decreased significantly.

In this experiment, 160 one day old male broilers were used to compare the effect of weekly changing of metabolizable energy (ME) and protein (CP) levels with NRC and Ross feeding system on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood metabolites of broilers. Experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 4 treatment and 4 replicates (10 birds each). There were four experimental treatments including: T1: diets formulated based on NRC recommendation, T2: diets formulated based on Ross recommendation T3: phase feeding 1 and T4: phase feeding 2. The results showed that lowering ME and CP level did not have any adverse effect on broiler performance till 14 days of age. In grower, finisher and whole period, significant effect of treatments was seen on performance traits (P

Twenty-eight adult male turkeys were used to determine the metabolizable energy of tomato pomace. Tomato pomace was mixed on the ratio of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% to basal diet. Then, 50 grams of each mixed feed were fed to 4 tom turkey. In order to determine the effects of using tomato pomace on performance of 1-24 weeks old turkeys, 120 days old turkey was fed until the age 24 weeks. Chicks were grouped into 5 treatment (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% tomato pomace) 3 replication and 8 observations on the basis of a completely randomized design. Performance traits are recorded for up to 24 weeks of age. The results of chemical composition determination showed that amount of crude protein, ether extract, ash, NDF, ADF, and gross energy were 19.5, 2.4, 5.5, 57.3, 47.2% and 2986 kcal/kg respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant difference between metabolisable energy of diets containing different levels of tomato pomace. The amount of AME, AMEn, TME, TMEn of tomato pomace were estimated using regression equations of 2026, 2072, 2361 and 2414 kcal/kg respectively. There wasn’t significant difference between control group and other groups from the view point of feed conversion rate, weight gain and feed intake. Finally, tomato pomace can be used up to 30% on feeding turkey chicks.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementary pellet feed pellet on performance of Karkheh riverside nomadic sheep and goat flocks. Eight flocks (50 head per flock) were selected and divided in to two experimental groups (control and pelleted). Ewes and goats of control group, were fed according to traditional feeding system (As Is) where, the ewes and goats in experimental herds were received 300gr/d of supplementary pellet feed, during the last 45 days of gestation and 90 days of lactation. Average birth weight of lambs were 4.82 and 4.83 kg in control and experimental groups and the average birth wieght of kids were 3.59 and 3.67 kg in control and experimental groups that were not significantly different between the treatments. However, feed plett resulted in a higher weight gain of lambs and kids (P

The aim of the this study were to estimate heritability and performance of economic traits in Esfhan native fowls. For this purpose, the collected data included 72785 records of 17 generations (1995-2015) were used. Genetic parameters were estimated by multi-trait animal model using WOMBAT software and breeding values were predicted for all birds. Also, a series of six different animal models were fitted for all traits, and the best model for each trait was chosen based on log-likelihood ratio tests (LRT). Results showed that maternal effects are significant in all economic traits except egg number and egg weight at 1st day of laying and so, the inclusion of these effects in models, increasing the accuracy of the estimates of direct heritability. Therefore, it must be taken in to consideration for future selections program, to analysis the traits under selection, by most appropriate model.The highest and lowest heritability were estimated for body weight at 1 day of age (0.56±0.01) and egg weight at 1st day of laying (0.12 ± 0.01), respectively. Genetic trends of BW1, BW8, BW12, ASM, WSM, EN, EW1 and MEW were estimated, 0.07, 12.35, 17.36, -1.36, 23.40, 1.06, -0.03 and 0.17 respectively, all of these traits were significant. Results of this study showed that there is a possibility of improving traits using appropriate methods of genetic selection.

The three-step trial was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, digestibility, true and apparent metabolizable energy (TME and AME), of different parts of two varieties of date palm collected from Kerman (Mazafati and Farekan). In the first stage, the chemical composition of the fruit, date pits and whole date palm were determined. Secondly, digestibility and metabolizable energy of the samples measured by the force-feeding method on 35 adult Leghorn cockerels and collecting whole excreta for 48 hours. In the third stage, the best formulas were determined to estimate the ME values from the DM digestibility and chemical composition data by stepwise regression method.
According to the results, date palm, with and without pits, had more available energy, but the pits and pulps had more crude fiber and also, lower energy content. Moreover, Our results show that Mazafati variety had more CF and EE in compare to Farekan variety. Unlike Farekan date palm, which had low metabolisable energy, AME and AMEn of the Mazafati date pits and date palm were 1769, 1786, 1924 and 2212 (kcal/kg DM), respectively. In overall, Mazafati variety had higher nutritional value in compare to Farekan variety. At the end, the best equations for estimating of AME and TME were determined based on chemical composition and digestibility values.

This study optimal production pattern for the poultry industry in Kerman with an emphasis on maximizing gross margin, minimizing fuel consumption, minimizing power consumption and minimizing pollution through the completion of 110 questionnaires by producers. For this purpose, the optimal production pattern was determined for the chicken farms based on each individual objective subject to a certain set of restrictions. Then, the augmented constraint optimization method was employed to simultaneously optimize all objectives. The augmented constraint method resulted in a set of 49 efficient solutions. Then, the solution selected from among the set of efficient solutions was obtained through the Gray TOPSIS taking into account the weighted combination for the objectives.The results of optimal patterns demonstrated that both products (broiler chicken and egg-laying chicken) in the region under study were engaged into the production pattern which is lower than the current pattern. Moreover, the production level of broiler chicken in the optimal pattern was higher than the production level of egg-laying chicken. The newly proposed pattern brings about greater gross margin and lower fuel consumption across the region. Therefore, it is recommended to shift the regional production pattern toward broiler chicken rather than egg-laying chicken.

Nowadays, Incorporation of both phenotypes and genotype information enhanced the accuracy of genetic parameter predictions for growth characteristics in breeding schematics. The purpose of this study was to identify quantitative traits controlling positions (QTLs) associated with live body weight traits and growth characteristics using specific microsatellite markers in the 605 cm distance of goat chromosomes. In this regards, 4 half sib families were selected from large herd pedigree including 112 individual. Investigated records were included: birth, weaning, 6 months weights, average daily gain, calculated Keliber ratio index for two measured periods of birth- weaning age, weaning age- 6 months age. In the molecular study phase, a total of 45 microsatellite markers belong to 5 chromosome numbers (1, 2, 5, 6, and 26) with a pre-condition of the heterozygote pattern for microsatellite marker in each sire genotypes in progenies of heterozygote sires. The key findings of the present study are the identification of two QTLs between BMC1009-RM029 and INRABEN172 markers that are related to birth weight in chromosomes 5 and 26 (p

This research was conducted to study the effects of physical form of total mixed ration (in Block and Mash form) in sheep nutrition. In a 2×2 change-over design with two treatments and 5 replicates, 10 Shal lambs with average initial weight of about 31 kg were fed for two periods and 22 days per period. An unique ration (to supply fattening lambs) was formulated and prepared in TMR, then it was shared out in two parts where one part processed in Densified Block Ration (DBR) and the other part fed as mash TMR form. Results showed that the dry matter, organic matter and nutrients intake were increased when the animals received DBR compared to the mash TMR (P

The antioxidant properties of pollen and royal jelly are related to proteins and phenolic compounds. In this study, the effect of pollen proteins enzymatic hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes trypsin on its antioxidant properties and optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated and the results were compared with Royal Jelly antioxidant properties. For this purpose, phenolic compounds, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing power of pollen and royal jelly was measured. The values of these factors for pollen and royal jelly in concentration of 1000 ppm, were respectively, 174 and 1031.71 mg Gallic acid per gram sample, 67.33% and 95.27% and absorbance of 0.77 and 0.8 in a wavelength of 700 nm. The highest reducing power, in samples hydrolyzed by trypsin 1.5% for 2.5 hours, was 0.668. The highest scavenging power of DPPH radicals, in samples hydrolyzed by trypsin 1.5% for 4 hours, was 79.8%. Results showed that antioxidant properties of pollen were increased by hydrolysis. The increase was clearer in DPPH radical scavenging power than reducing power. So that, radical scavenging power increased from 67.33% to 97.8%. After hydrolysis, radical scavenging power of pollen, partly became close to radical scavenging power of Royal Jelly (95.27%). This shows that it is possible to be close the peptides of pollen to the peptides contained in Royal Jelly by hydrolysis of pollen proteins.

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary methionine on performance, blood parameters and reproductive traits of laying Japanese quail for 9 weeks(8-16 week of age). A total of 140 female Japanese quails were distributed in completely randomized experimental design with five treatments (56 days of age) with 4 replicates(7 birds in each replicate). Treatments including: 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55 % of methionine concentration in the diet. The results of study demonstrated that in first period (8-12 week), second period(13-16 week) and the whole period(8-16 week), methionine levels had a significant effect(P>0/05 (on egg production and egg mass(gr/bird/day) which the highest egg production and egg mass were related to birds fed on diets containing 0.45%, 0.50 % methionine, respectively. The comparison of treatments demonstrated that with increasing the methionine concentration, albumin and uric acid level were decreasing. The results of this study shows that the highest production performance and reproduction indicators in the first period (8-12 week), second period (13-16 week) are related to 0.45%, 0.50 and 0.55 % of methionine in diets and therefore these levels can be considered as requirements of layer Japanese quail in laying phase.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of licorice essential oil on growth performance, meat quality and oxidative stability of meat by using 625 d-old Aryan broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, 5 replicates and 25 birds per each. Dietary treatments included a control group which received no additive (basal diet) and two graded levels of licorice essential oil (100 and 200 mg/Kg) added to the control basal diet, and a basal diet including an antibiotic (Avilamycin, 150 mg/kg feed). Dietary treatments were iso-caloric and iso- nitrogenous. The results showed that the birds fed on diets containing 200 mg kg licorice essential oil had more daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio compared to other treatments (P

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of two feed restriction program with and without probiotic on performance and egg traits of Japanese laying Quails. In the current study 216 quails were used from 6 to 14 weeks in 6 Treatments, 3 Replicates and 12 Quails in each replicate as a (3*2) include 3 diets (diet as NRC 1994 nutrient recommendation), diet with 7 hours feeding and 1 hour feed withdrawal and diet with 5% low nutrients than NRC 1994 nutrient recommendation and two levels of protexin probiotic in a completely randomized design. The results showed that time feed restriction caused the egg weight increased (P

In the current research, the effect of different levels of dietary Urtica dioica leaf powder was investigated on growth performance, small intestine morphology and ascites indicators in broiler chickens reared in Shahrekord. A total of 240 one-day old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates of 15 birds in each pen in an experimental period for 42 days. The experimental treatments included control group (without Urtica dioica leaf powder) and three levels of Urtica dioica leaf powder (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%). The results of this experiment showed that the dietary inclusion of Urtica dioica leaf powder improvement in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (P

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of two levels of oak (Quercus persica) acorn (OA) with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG) on ruminal fermentation parameters and protozoa population of native goats during the last 60 d of pregnancy. Forty multiparous pregnant goats (41.8±3.5 kg BW) were used in a completely randomized block design with the 2×2 factorial arrangement. Oak acorn was used in two levels of 20 or 40% of diet dry matter with (20 gram/head/day) or without PEG. In addition, a control (C) diet without OA and PEG was used. The results showed that goats fed the C diet had higher ruminal NH3-N (P

In this study 43 calves (19 female and 24 male) from pure sistani cattle population were used in order to study the relationship between the calve's temperament at weaning time with performance, body type and some blood parameters. At weaning time, temperament was determined by using Pen Scores, Exit score and Chute Score methods. Calves were divided into three groups: calm, moderate and temperamental. The measured parameters included body temperature, heart rate, hand length, waist length, tail size, round the chest, the diameter of the hand and leg, forehead and the ear size as well as the concentration of glucose, total protein, creatinine, triglyceride, insulin, HDL, LDL, T3 and T4 in the serum. Statistical analysis of the results with R-3.3.2 software showed better growth rate and conversion coefficient in calm calves compared with other moderate and temperamental groups (P

In order to evaluate type traits, records of 148 and 336 heads Khuzestani and Azari buffaloes were used, respectively. The animals was evaluated for height-at-withers (HAW), chest depth (CD), body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), hip width (HIW), pin width (PW), hip to pin length (HP). The means and standard deviations of mentioned traits for Khuzestani breed were 145.25±6.63, 78.27±5.43, 140.5±8.39, 208.87±13.75, 57±4.44, 25.29±3.03 and 44±2.97 centimeter, and for Azeri breed were 138.93±6.39, 76.4±5.61, 136.22±10.05, 184±13.66, 54.96±4.85, 26.43±3.94 and 43.8±3.44 centimeter respectively. The breed had significant effect on HAW, CC and HIW (P

This experiment was aimed at evaluation the effect of different levels of organic selenium on performance, quality characteristics of eggs and some antioxidant enzymes in Japanese quail breeder. Two hundred forty Japanese quails at eight week old with similar body weight were distributed according to a completely randomized design into five treatments and three replicates (twelve female and four male). Treatments were included: 1) Control (Co), 2) Co 0.3 mg/kg of sodium selenite, 3) Co 0.2 mg/kg of organic selenium (sel-plex), 4) Co 0.4 mg/kg of organic selenium and 5) Co 0.6 mg/kg of organic selenium. The results showed that treatment containing 0.4 mg/kg selenium had the highest weight gain (P

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of inclusion of silkworm pupae powder meal on the productive performance and egg qualitative traits of laying hens from 69 to 81 wk of age. A total of 184 Lohmann LSL laying hens was used in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, each replicated 6 times. Dietary treatments were as: control diet (based on corn and soybean meal) and four diets by inclusion of 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5% of silkworm pupae meal powder. All diets were supplied an equal amount of AME, crude protein and amino acids. For the entire experimental period, egg weight, feed conversion ratio and hen-day egg production rate were not affected by dietary treatments. However, feed intake was significantly higher for hens fed 10% of silkworm pupae powder compared to control (P≤0.05). The inclusion of silkworm pupae powder up to 7.5% significantly improved egg mass (P≤0.05) during 12 wk of the trial. None of the egg quality variables studied including albumin weight, yolk weight, abnormal and broken eggs, yolk index, egg shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, haugh unit and specific gravity was affected by dietary treatments. It is concluded that silkworm pupae powder can be used as a partial replacement for soybean meal up to 12.5% in laying-hen diets without negatively affecting bird performance and egg quality characteristics.

The aim of current study was to compare the effects of powder and hydroalcoholic extraction of chamomile with phosphoflavomycin growth promoter antibiotic on performance, blood parameters and immune response of broiler chicks. In this experiment, 288 broiler chicks of Ross 308 (male and female) were used in a completely randomized design manner with 6 experimental treatments, 4 replicates and 12 chicks per replicate from 1 to 42 days of age. The experimental groups were 1) control with basal diet; 2) basal diet with 0.045% phosphoflavomycin as growth promoter antibiotic; 3) basal diet with 0.05% hydroalcoholic extraction of chamomile; 4, 5 and 6 received basal diet with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3% of chamomile powder, respectively. Results showed that the addition of chamomile had a significant effect on body weight gain and feed consumption for whole production periods. The highest feed intake, body weight gain and improvement in feed conversion ratio were observed in treatment contained 0.3% chamomile powder (P≤0.05). Serum levels of triglyceride, HDL, and LDL in chamomile treatments showed a significant decrease, compared with control group (P≤0.05). Serum levels of triglyceride, HDL, and LDL in the groups receiving chamomile decreased significantly compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Chamomile powder showed a significant impact on humoral immune responses against avian influenza virus (P≤0.05). The final result revealed that consumption of 0.3% chamomile powder compared to its extraction showed favorable effects on performance, immunity and blood parameters in broiler chicks.