نشریه علوم دامی (پژوهش و سازندگی)
پیاپی 93 (زمستان 1390)

Compare performance traits of two strains of laying hens in the commercial condition. Data from 5 flocks of Hy-line (W-36) strain and 3 flocks of Lohmann lite (LSL) strain between the years 2002-2008 was used. All flocks reared in similar conditions in a caged layer farm. Mean egg Production (%)، egg weight (g)، mortality (%) and feed intake (g/d) were recorded daily in the above mentioned period. Other criteria (feed conversion، peak egg production…) were calculated from recorded variables. In order to better comparison، data were analyzed in three phases: phase 1 (22-40 week)، phase 2 (40-60 week) and phase 3 (60-76 week). Also، the first 20 weeks of post-molt performance were compared. Mean egg production (%) and egg mass output (g/h/d) was higher in LSL strain than W-36 strain (P<0. 01) in all of the above mentioned phases except phase3 with no significant difference. Mortality rate، generally، was lower (P<0. 05) in W-36 than LSL strain. Feed intake was lower in W-36 compared to LSL (P<0. 01). The strain had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio. In conclusion، the results showed that Lohmann lite (LSL) strain was superior in the performance traits to Hy-line (W-36) hens.

This study was conducted to evaluate the feed intake، body weight gain، total energy (kcal) and protein (g) intake، energy (kcal) and protein (g) intake/body weight gain، energy efficency ratio (EER) and protein efficency ratio (PER) on broiler chicks (Arian strain) fed two different energy systems (AMEn and TMEn) and two ways of expressing amino acid requirements (AMEn and TMEn) and two methods of formulation of diets AA requirements (total and digestible) on complete randomize design with four treatment and 6 replicate and 20 chickens each of replicate. the results of experiment showed that the total energy (kcal) and protein (g) intake، energy (kcal) and protein (g) intake/body weight gain، energy efficiency ratio (EER) and protein effiency ratio (PER) of broilers is significantly affected by expression energy systems and the levels of diets amino acid (total and digestible AA) (p<0/05) and formulated diet with expression energy system as TMEn and way of expressing amino acid as digestible، resulted on improved this traits، Interaction between expression energy system and levels of diets amino acid was significant for aforesaid (p<0/05).

Information of forage quality index are of paramount importance in animal and rangeland management. To that end quality of important common forage spices in Arshagh semi steppe rangelands، was determined. In the present study، 5 rangeland species including; Stipa hohenackeriana، Kochia prostrate، Astragalus brachyodonuts، Artemisia fragrans، Falcaria vulgaris were sampled at 3 different phenological stages (vegetative، flowering and seeding) in 2009. In each stage، 3 samples and for each sample 9 plant was harvested. Then index amounts for forage quality were calculated. Results show that; The mean values of crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestible (DMD) in phonological stages has well desirability and was more than need of one animal unit maintenance، but mean value of metabolism energy (ME) in vegetative stage was more than critical level and in flowering and seeding stage was less than its critical level for need of maintenance of single animal unit. This suggests that desirable quality of pasture forage at different times grazing is not same and determination of daily animal units requirement based on forage quality is needed. It is clear that forage quality is changed with variation of weather، but due to the expense of determination forage quality is very high، can use the results of this research for estimate of animal requirement in different years.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of Black Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Seeds on performance and blood concentration of alkaline phosphatases، calcium and phosphorous in broiler chickens. Two hundred، one day old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design (with four treatment، fiver replicate per treatment and 10 birds each) were raised until day 42 of age. Different dietary levels of 0، 0. 5، 1 and 2 percent of black caraway (Carum carvi L.) Seeds were used in this experiment. The results of recent experiment showed that in during whole the experimental period (day 1 to 42 of age)، both the feed consumption and weight gain were respectively the highest and lowest between the treatments 1 and 2 percent Black Caraway fed birds (P<0. 05)، whereas there was no significant differences between the other treatments for the feed consumption and weight gain (P>0. 05). During whole of the experimental period، 2 percent Black Caraway fed birds had the highest feed conversion ratio between the treatments (P<0. 05). Non significant (P>0. 05) effect was observed in serum calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels at 21 and 42 days of age. While، broiler chickens fed with 2 percent Black Caraway had the higher (P<0. 05) serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration at 21 and 42 days of age. It was concluded the 1% of black caraway additive used in current study improved performance.

The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 3C gene of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O collected from an outbreak in Iran in 2010 was determined and compared with corresponding nucleotide sequences of FMDV serotypes O، A، Asia 1 and C registered in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our isolate was most closely related to Indian type A strains AIND288/07، AIND360/00 and Iranian type O strain IRN 303-1 sharing 93. 72، 93. 58 and 93. 11% nucleotide sequence identity، respectively. In contrast، the isolate showed low identity with western African type A strain GAM/5/98/A (88. 01%) and type O strain BKF/2/92/O (88. 11%). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of our strain also indicated the highest identity with Indian type A strain IND 287/96 (100%) and Iranian type O strain IRN 303-1 (99. 52%)، and the least similarity with GAM/5/98/A (92. 69). Two Iranian strains Iran/1/2010 and IRN 303-1 were grouped with Indian type A strains within the same cluster، although they fell into two separate branches. Strains of a specific serotype were grouped in different clusters; demonstrating conservation of 3C gene among different serotypes with random recombination resulting in minor changes. 3C sequences of the isolate determined in this study was submitted to GenBank، under accession number HQ663879.

This study was performed to evaluate use of Sorghum (Germinated and non- Germinated) on dietary laying hens and effects on performance characteristics and quality traits egg. This experiment was performed for two months on 180 layer hens (the strains of Hy-line W36) at the 64th week of age، assigned to a completely randomized design of 3 treatments (each treatment in 4 replicates). Treatments were included: 1) corn-soybean (control) and treatment 2 &3) contain of 32 percent Germinated Sorghum and Intact Sorghum، respectively. The results of experiment showed that adding of Intact Sorghum on diet cause to decrease feed intake (P<0. 05)، egg weight and egg mass (P<0. 01) in comparison with control، however Germinated sorghum don’t negative effect on feed intake، egg weight and egg mass. Egg shell weight، thickness shell and albumen quality (Hough unit) were significantly (P<0. 05) decreased by using of Intact Sorghum on diet in comparison with the control diet. While، the diets of contain Germinated Sorghum has no effect on egg shell weight and thickness shell. The results of this study showed that by using of 32 percent Germinated Sorghum on diet has no negative effect on performance characteristics and quality traits egg and can be used as substituted of corn on dietary laying hens.

To investigate the effect of different levels of energy and L-carnitine on growth indices in Japanese quail، an experiment was carried out using 480 quail in a two way factorial arrangement on completely randomized design with two levels of energy (2900 and 3100 kcal/kg) and three levels of L-carnitine (0، 250 and 500 mg/kg). Four replicates with 20 quails were allocated to each experimental treatment and birds were reared for 45 days. At the end of experiment، two birds from each experimental unit (with average weight of that pen) were slaughtered to collect blood samples and determine carcass characteristics. The results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain، feed intake and feed conversion ratio between experimental treatments (p>0. 05). The effect of various levels of energy on breast and abdominal fat percentage were significant (p<0. 05). Quails fed rations containing 3100 kcal/kg ME had higher breast and abdominal fat percentage compared to those that received 2900 kcal/kg ME (p<0. 05). Adding of L-carnitine (250 mg/kg of diet) significantly reduced the amount of abdominal fat (p<0. 05). The amount of blood cholesterol and triglyceride were elevated in quails fed a high ME diet (3100 kcal/kg of diet) compared to those on a low ME diet (2900 kcal/kg of diet) (p<0. 05). Quails fed rations containing L-carnitine supplementation (250 mg/kg of diet) had lower triglyceride in comparison with control group (p<0. 05). Therefore، it can be concluded that the supplementation of diet with L-carnitine (250 mg/kg of diet) has positive effects on blood triglyceride and carcass quality in Japanese quail.