فصلنامه گیاه و زیست فناوری ایران
سال دهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

The use of bio-fertilizers as the most natural and most desirable solution to keep the system alive and soil is crucial. Escalation of critical activities, improve quality and maintain environmental hygiene and overall preservation and protection of national assets (soil and water) and non-renewable energy sources are the most important reasons for the necessity of using biological fertilizers. This study has attempted biological fertilizers in the form of substrates on plant production Gazanya as an ornamental plant widely used in gardens to be explored. For this experiment in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications. Substrates used include Coco peat, vermicompost, garden soil, peat and perlite. Indices after flowering plant, leaf, flower life, the number of flowers per plant, dry weight, wet weight measured and the results were compared. Duncan mean comparison test between 1% and 5% was used. Analysis of variance showed that effects of 50% foresty soil % garden soil and 50% vermicompost 50% garden soil on all traits were significant. Also to compared of morphologic qualities average on the duncan test base to indicated that 50% vermicompost 50% garden soil fertilizer related to control (cocopeat) of treatment all to had increase more. So up results of representative to had 50% vermicompost 50% garden soil fertilizer advantage in Gazania planting bed.

This study aims was Incentive for farmers in the financing of private agricultural extension in the city of Garmsar. To do the study, a number of 242 persons about of sample from five central villages (DEHESTAN) were selected out of 8600 farmers. The Cochran formula and a sampling test were used for this purpose. Questionnaire was applied as the main research instrument and its reliability was checked by a panel of experts. Additionally, its validity was examined via filling 30 questionnaires by a group of respondents in Semnan County. The Cronbach’s alpha was calculated equal with 0.873 which means the validity of questionnaire was confirmed. Incentive for farmers in the financing of private agricultural extension in the city GARMSAR was performed of stepwise Regression. The variables could explain 52/9 percent of the changes. The results showed that the variables were entered in seven steps: The first step of extensional services was needed in the equation. The second stage attitude towards the practice of promoting extension agents entered into the regression. Next to the amount, loan, extension service satisfaction, and the performance and At the final level of the highest role in motivating farmers to finance the extension of private farming in the city were garmsar.

Rose with the scientific name Rosa hybrida is one of the plant of Rosaceae family. Polyamines of aliphatic amine groups are as plant growth regulators in a wide range of developmental processes, including cell division, embryogenesis, morphogenesis, flowering, fruit ripening, root development, delay aging, stable membranes, collection of active radicals and stress tolerance different participate, Putrescine (put), spermine (spm) and spermidine (spd) is the most common polyamines. The study to evaluate the effect of putrescine, spermidine spermine and on some physiological characteristics and natural biological and biochemical Morpho flowers rose black baccarat was done. This study randomized with 7 treatments including spm, spd and put in concentration 50 and 100 pmm and distilled water as a control with three replicates each of three experimental unit is composed of a total of 63 pots of roses and traits assessed include fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, number of flowers, leaf surface, superoxide dismutase enzyms activity and flower longevity. Analysis of variance results showed that 100 ppm spermine greatest effects on improving the morphological, physiological and enzymes traits and the results were significant at 1%.

Many researches have been done on the inhibition of salt stress in plants. In this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid in inhibition of salt stress on plant growth and yield Basil, an experiment were done in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, 3 replicates each containing 5 plants. Sodium chloride at a concentration of 50 and 100 mg per liter and also salicylic acid in both Level 1 and 2 mM was used. Distilled water is used as the control. Salicylic acid spraying and soil iirigation with potassium chloride solution (200 mL per pot) was conducted for one week every two days. Morphological and physiological traits such as fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, leaf chlorophyll content, vitamin C, proline and superoxide dismutase activity was evaluated. The results showed that treatment with salicylic acid 2 mM greatest impact on improving the morphological and physiological traits and all of results were significant at 1% level. Also the correlations between all traits at 1% level statistically, were significant.

Research that conducted on different media for production of indoor plants seem to be essential. For this purpose, in this research studied effect of municipal waste compost and leaf manure as a replacement of peat moss in production of Spathiphyllum spp. in the form of factorial experiment in the base of completely randomized design with 6 treatmants and 4 replications. Results showed that media containing 35% peat moss 35% municipal waste compost 30% perlite, 35% peat moss 35% leaf manure 30% perlite and also 35% municipal waste compost 35% leaf manure 30% perlite had highest effect on growth indexes. According to the results, because of easy of availability and lowercost of municipal waste compost than the peat moss, usage of this material in combination with peat moss or leaf manure can be substitute instead of imported media containing 50% peat with 50% perlite in growth Spathiphyllum plant and other foliage plant in our country.

To study the effect of salicylic acid in control Nacl salinity stress factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments included two levels of 50 and100 mg of sodium chloride also Salicylic acid on two levels 1 and2 mM and as well as their interactions in 3 replications were conducted. Parsley seeds after planting it in context, about 3 weeks for germination needs. Then in the fifth week after planting, irrigation the soil with sodium chloride solution was conducted for one week every two days. Salicylic acid spraing(200 ml per pot) was conducted one week every two days. No watering pot with sodium chloride and sprayed with salicylic acid were used as controls. Quantitative and qualitative traits such as plant fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root, total chlorophyll content, proline and superoxide dismutase activity was evaluated. The results showed that the treatment of Salicylic acid 2 mM had the greatest effect on salinity control and result at 1% statistical level had significant effect.